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A High-Temperature and Wide-Permittivity Range Measurement System Based on Ridge Waveguide

SENSORS 2025年第2期25卷 541-541页

作者： Xiong, Rui Hu, Yuanhang Xia, Anqi Huang, Kama Yan, Liping Chen, Qian Sichuan Univ Sch Elect & Informat Engn Chengdu 610064 Peoples R China

Potential applications of microwave energy, a developed form of clean energy, are diverse and extensive. To expand the applications of microwave heating in the metallurgical field, it is essential to obtain the permittivity of ores throughout the heating process. This paper presents the design of a 2.45 GHz ridge waveguide apparatus based on the transmission/reflection method to measure permittivity, which constitutes a system capable of measuring the complex relative permittivity of the material under test with a wide temperature range from room temperature up to 1100 degrees C. The experimental results indicate that the system is capable of performing rapid measurements during the heating process. Furthermore, the system is capable of accurately measuring dielectric properties when the real part of the permittivity and the loss tangent vary widely. This measurement system is suitable for high-temperature dielectric property measurements and has potential applications in microwave-assisted metallurgy.

关键词： ridge waveguide complex relative permittivity artificial neural network scattering parameters microwave measurement

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TDR-Model: Tomato Disease Recognition Based on Image Dehazing and Improved MobileNetV3 Model

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IEEE ACCESS 2025年 13卷 852-865页

作者： Zhang, Zhixiang Liu, Tong Gao, Jinyu Yang, Meng Luo, Wenjun Lin, Fanqiang Chengdu Univ Technol Coll Mech & Elect Engn Chengdu 610059 Peoples R China Santai Cty Educ & Sports Bur Mianyang 621100 Peoples R China

Currently, deep learning applications in tomato disease recognition are becoming widespread. However, in greenhouse tomato cultivation environments, many techniques neglect the foggy image caused by wet conditions, adversely affecting the performance of disease recognition models, which still remains unresolved. To alleviate adverse environmental impacts, such as fog, and enhance the precision and robustness of the model, this study introduces an improved dark channel prior (DCP) dehazing algorithm and proposes the TDR-Model based on the MobileNetV3. Employing the quad-tree spatial hierarchy search strategy, guided filtering, tolerance mechansim, and multi-scale color restoration (MSRCR) algorithm, an innovative improved version of DCP dehazing algorithm is realized. Image preprocessing with the improved DCP dehazing algorithm obtains more authentic dehazed images. Moreover, MobileNetV3 is improved by the incorporation of the convolutional block attention module (CBAM) and Omni-Dimensional Dynamic Convolution(ODC), improving the accuracy of disease feature recognition. The experiment results demonstrate that, with the parameter size remaining nearly unchanged (a slight reduction of 0.04M), an increase of 16.88% is achieved in accuracy compared to the original version for foggy images. Additionally, we provide extensive ablation studies to evaluate effectiveness of the proposed framework.

关键词： Diseases Image recognition Accuracy Classification algorithms Atmospheric modeling Humidity Filtering Deep learning Crops Symbols Tomato disease recognition dark channel prior dehazing algorithm deep learning image preprocessing lightweight model

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Bismuth particles encapsulated in plate-like carbon shells as high-performance anodes for sodium storage

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JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES 2025年 635卷

作者： Li, Shiyu Gu, Qiang Luo, Zongbin Zheng, Yujia Tian, Xin Jin, Na Liu, Ying Sichuan Univ Coll Mat Sci & Engn 24 South Sect 1Yihuan Rd Chengdu 610065 Peoples R China

Bismuth (Bi), as an alloying anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), has attracted significant attention due to its high theoretical capacity (386 mAh/g) and volumetric energy density (3800 mAh/cm3). However, Bi undergoes substantial volume expansion (352 %) during the sodiation/desodiation phase transitions, leading to electrode structure fragmentation. To address this challenge, constructing a carbon-encapsulated composite structure has proven to be an effective strategy. Herein, Bi particles encapsulated in plate-like carbon shells (Bi@C) are synthesized via hydrothermal, high-temperature carbonization and in-situ reduction processes. The introduction of plate-like carbon shells accelerates charge transfer and ion transport process while mitigating the impact of volume changes. The electrochemical behavior of Bi@C has been investigated, revealing a charge transfer resistance as low as 0.16 Omega, which confirms its rapid kinetic processes. Benefiting from this structure, Bi@C achieves an excellent rate performance with a reversible capacity of 373.2 mAh/g at 0.2 A/g and 366.6 mAh/g at 20 A/g, as well as a stable cycling performance, retaining 358.7 mAh/g after 1000 cycles at 1 A/g and 364.7 mAh/g after 3300 cycles at 5 A/g. This study provides a new approach for the development of novel alloy anodes and the enhancement of sodium storage performance.

关键词： Energy storage material Bismuth-based anode Carbon-encapsulated structure High-performance sodium storage

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Association of changes in frailty with mortality in the aged with hypertension

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2025年第1期15卷 1-10页

作者： Li, Liying Duan, Linjia Wang, Bingxue Wang, Kexin Niu, Guodong He, Sen Tang, Jiong Kunming Med Univ Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovasc Hosp Chinese Acad Med Sci Dept CardiolAffiliated Cardiovasc Hosp Kunming Peoples R China Sichuan Univ Dept Cardiol West China Hosp Chengdu Peoples R China Sichuan Univ Dept Endocrinol & Metab West China Hosp Chengdu Peoples R China Chinese Acad Med Sci & Peking Union Med Coll Fuwai Hosp Natl Ctr Cardiovasc Dis Cardiac Arrhythmia CtrState Key Lab Cardiovasc Di Beijing Peoples R China

Previous studies found that frailty has a significant impact on the prognosis of hypertensive patients. However, most of the previous studies only focused on baseline frailty status. The association of changes in frailty with mortality in hypertensive patients is little known. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association of frailty transitions with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death in older adults with hypertension. A total of 1827 older hypertensive participants age >= 65 years from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study were included. Frailty status was assessed by a 35-item frailty index (FI). Changes in frailty were evaluated by frailty at baseline (wave 2011) and the second survey (wave 2014), and four types of changes in frailty were identified: remaining non-frail, frail to non-frail, non-frail to frail, and remaining frail. The accelerated failure time model was used to evaluate the association of changes in frailty status with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death. The dose-response relationship between annual changes in FI and mortality was analyzed using restricted cubic splines (RCS). During 6128.9 person-years of follow-up, a total of 623 all-cause mortality and 131 cardiovascular deaths were recorded. Compared to the remaining non-frail group, the fully adjusted time ratios (TRs) of all-cause mortality were 0.75 (95% CI 0.59-0.96, p = 0.025), 0.48 (95% CI 0.41-0.57, p < 0.001), and 0.45 (95% CI 0.37-0.55, p < 0.001) in the frail to non-frail group, non-frail to frail group, and remaining frail group, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, the adjusted TRs of cardiovascular death were 0.63 (95% CI 0.36-1.11, p = 0.108), 0.34 (95% CI 0.23-0.48, p < 0.001), and 0.34 (95% CI 0.22-0.53, p < 0.001) in the frail to non-frail group, non-frail to frail group, and remaining frail group, respectively. RCS analysis revealed a non-linear relationship between annual changes in FI and all-cause mortality a

关键词： Aged Hypertension Frailty Mortality

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Long-Term Serviceable Ionic Thermoelectric Hydrogel with Temperature and Moisture Dual-Driven Waste Energy Harvesting Capability

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SMALL 2025年 e2501960页

作者： Zhang, Mao Chen, Jie Cheng, Minhan Zhang, Liping Wen, Qichao Wen, Yong Zhou, Hongju Fu, Qiang Deng, Hua Sichuan Univ Coll Polymer Sci & Engn State Key Lab Polymer Mat Engn Chengdu 610041 Peoples R China Sichuan Chuanhuan Technol Co Ltd Special Polymer Mat Automobile Key Lab Sichuan Pro Da Zhou 635000 Peoples R China Sichuan Univ Kidney Res Inst Dept Nephrol West China Hosp Chengdu 610041 Peoples R China

Despite the substantial progress in developing high-performance quasi-solid hydrogels based on ionic thermophoretic migration, ionic thermoelectric materials (i-TEs) show unsatisfactory long-lasting stability caused by ionic migration failures and de-electrolytes. In this work, by enriching oxygen-containing functional groups in the gel network and constructing oriented ionic transport nanochannels, an innovative approach is presented to reach long-term service and reusability for i-TEs without sacrificing their TE properties. The as-prepared hydrogel with thermopower of 17.0 +/- 1.0 mV K-1 stables at 82% of its original performance when immersed in the electrolyte. Notably, even after being air-dried for 135 days, its thermopower returns to 87% of the original value through replenishing electrolyte solution and its 3D shape fully recovers. Meanwhile, the dual-driven nature for moisture and temperature as well as the pH sensitivity of this network is systematically investigated. The maximum output voltage of a single sample reaches 0.215 V at a Delta T of 3.7 K, and it works continuously for more than 26 h. This study offers a new approach to overcoming the short-term service bottleneck of i-TEs and provides a practical scheme for the multi-source drive of self-powered TE equipment.

关键词： ionic thermoelectric hydrogel moisture-electric generator multifunctional hydrogel pH sensitivity

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Phase field modeling of sub-parabolic oxidation kinetics and in-plane stress in zircaloy under neutron/proton irradiation

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PHYSICA SCRIPTA 2025年第3期100卷 035941-035941页

作者： Xin, Tianyuan Kharchenko, Dmitrii O. Kharchenko, Vasyl O. Lu, Wu Nucl Power Inst China Sub Inst 1 Chengdu Peoples R China Natl Acad Sci Ukraine Inst Appl Phys UA-40000 Sumy Ukraine Sumy State Univ UA-40007 Sumy Ukraine

A detailed study of the sub-parabolic oxidation kinetics in Zircaloy system has been carried out by using phase field modeling under conditions related to oxidation in autoclave and during neutron/proton irradiation. The exploited phase field model is factored in temperature gradient and voltage change between metal and oxide surface. It is shown that the irradiation accelerates oxidation rate and induces development of conjugated in-plane stress. It is found that both in-plane and tensile stresses result in a power-law decrease in a critical time for fragmentation versus dose rate. It is shown that a critical crystallite size for the related tetragonal to monoclinic phase transformation at the oxide/metal interface decreases with the dose rate. Obtained results correlate well with experimental observations in the reference points and can be exploited to estimate corrosion resistance linked to transformation to monoclinic structure and fragmentation in zirconium-based cladding materials. This study provides a deep insight into the details of oxidation kinetics at irradiation in zirconium alloys.

关键词： phase field modleing in-plane stress zircaloy oxidation kinetics irradiation tetragonal phase

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An Interpretable Dynamic Feature Search Methodology for Accelerating Computational Process of Control Rod Descent in Nuclear Reactors

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ENERGIES 2025年第7期18卷 1827-1827页

作者： Huang, Qingyu Xiao, Cong Zeng, Wei Xu, Le Liu, Jia Pang, Zhixin Lin, Yuanfeng Zhao, Mengwei Liu, Xiaobo Nucl Power Inst China Natl Key Lab Nucl Reactor Technol Chengdu 610213 Peoples R China

Within the operational dynamics of a nuclear reactor, the customary approach involves modulating the reactor's power output by means of control rod manipulation, which effectively alters the neutron density across the core. The descent behavior of the control rod drive lines pertains to the intricate motion exhibited by the control rod components within the reactor during its operational lifespan, characterized by conditions of heightened irradiation, temperature, pressure, and complex fluid dynamics. The precise calculation of the control rod descent process is an integral facet of reactor structural design to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the reactor. However, the current computational fluid dynamics-based simulation methods employed for this purpose necessitate extensive grid computations, imposing significant computational burdens in terms of resources and time. In light of this challenge, we present a novel and interpretative algorithm rooted in dynamic similarity feature search. Through comprehensive validation, this algorithm demonstrates remarkable precision, with the computational results exhibiting an error margin within 10% while simultaneously achieving a substantial enhancement of computational efficiency of nearly three orders of magnitude when compared to conventional computational fluid dynamics techniques and sequence-to-sequence machine learning algorithms. Notably, this algorithm showcases exceptional versatility, holding immense promise for broad applicability across various operational scenarios encountered during the intricate process of nuclear reactor design.

关键词： nuclear reactor control rod descent process computation acceleration dynamic feature search methodology CFD

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Potentiometric Sensing of Nitrate Based on Conducting Imprinted Poly (Pyrrole-co-Pyrrole-3-Carboxylic Acid), Plausible Self-Doped Effect

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JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY 2025年第3期172卷 036504-036504页

作者： Qu, Ke Li, Qianlan Liang, Chao Wei, Jia Chengdu Univ Technol Coll Mat & Chem & Chem Engn Chengdu 610059 Peoples R China

In typical solid-contact potentiometric sensing, ion selective membranes (ISMs) play the role of recognizing the target analytes. A variety of solid-contact materials have been utilized to realize the ion-to-electron transduction. However, the ISMs show some drawbacks during practical application. Recent research efforts have been devoted to developing ISM-free potentiometric sensing. In this work, an ion-imprinted conducting poly (pyrrole-co-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid) copolymer was investigated to achieve the ISM-free potentiometric sensing toward nitrate, an important anion to monitor in the environment. The copolymer-based electrochemical sensor afforded good potentiometric responses toward nitrate in a Nernstian manner, exhibiting superior or comparable sensing performances with existing ISM-based potentiometric sensors. Compared with polypyrrole homopolymer, the introduced carboxylate group in the side chain of the copolymer was likely to contribute to the redox activity, enabling better ion-to-electron transduction. More importantly, a unique self-doped effect was observed in the prepared poly (pyrrole-co-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid), extending the working pH range of polypyrrole family and providing potential implications to develop electrochemical sensors when the environmental pH matters.

关键词： electroanalytical electrochemistry sensors organic electrochemistry

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DropMismatch: removing mismatched UI elements for better pixel to code generation

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APPLIED INTELLIGENCE 2025年第6期55卷 1-17页

作者： Li, Ming Lin, Tao Sichuan Univ Coll Comp Sci 24South Sect 11st Ring Rd Chengdu 610207 Sichuan Peoples R China

Automating the generation of user interface (UI) code from design images has gained significant attention due to its potential to streamline application development. However, the effectiveness of deep learning models in this domain is often hindered by mismatches between UI images and their corresponding layout code, a common issue in image-text datasets. In this paper, we introduce a framework that locates and removes these mismatches, thereby improving the accuracy of UI code generation models. Our approach leverages a convolutional neural network to predict the alignment between UI components and layout code nodes, coupled with a tree-based heuristic algorithm to localize mismatches. Through extensive evaluation, we demonstrate that our method enhances the accuracy of UI code generation by approximately 15%, while significantly reducing the need for costly manual annotations. The proposed framework not only advances the state of automated UI code generation but also lays the foundation for creating high-quality, large-scale UI datasets, essential for future research and development in this field.

关键词： UI code generation Image captioning Data denoising Mismatch localization

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A Charging Scheme for Large-Scale Suburban WRSNs Based on the Collaboration of UAVs and Mobile PADs

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IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2025年第3期25卷 5615-5629页

作者： Chen, Yue Deng, Tingdan Tang, Shuqi Lin, Feng Sichuan Univ Coll Comp Sci Chengdu 610065 Peoples R China

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are ideal mobile chargers (MCs) for energy-starved sensor nodes in wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs). Recently, the power access docker (PAD) is developed to extend the operating range of the UAV in large-scale WRSNs by recharging the UAV in the air. Existing research on WRSNs with PADs assumes that PADs have unlimited energy, implying that PADs are connected to consistent long-term energy supplies wherever they are deployed. However, this assumption may be achievable in urban WRSNs, but it is overly strict in suburban WRSNs, where only a few locations have reliable energy supplies. Consequently, the deployment of PADs in suburban WRSNs is constrained and cannot support UAV coverage of the entire surveillance area. Our work addresses this issue by introducing a vehicle-borne mobile PAD to large-scale suburban WRSNs. The mobile PAD may drive to places that the predeployed PADs cannot cover to recharge the UAV, allowing it to function across the whole area. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to consider the energy constraint of PAD deployment. To minimize the nodal charging delay, we investigate the problem of periodic charging with the collaboration of the UAV and the mobile PAD in the proposed new scenario. To address this problem, we propose the active rendezvous charging scheme (ARCS), which divides nodes into two types, plans the UAV's travel path, and schedules the rendezvous between the UAV and the mobile PAD. Simulation results show that ARCS can effectively address the energy problem in large-scale suburban WRSNs.

关键词： Autonomous aerial vehicles Sensors Batteries Energy conservation Charging stations Wireless sensor networks Heuristic algorithms Collaboration Clustering algorithms Schedules Mobile PAD power access docker (PAD) periodic charging unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) wireless rechargeable sensor network (WRSN)

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