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Multiple system atrophy: an update and emerging directions of biomarkers and clinical trials

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY 2024年第5期271卷 2324-2344页

作者： Liu, Min Wang, Zhiyao Shang, Huifang Sichuan Univ West China Hosp Rare Dis Ctr Dept NeurolLab Neurodegenerat Disorders 37 Guoxue Xiang Chengdu 610041 Sichuan Peoples R China

Multiple system atrophy is a rare, debilitating, adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder that manifests clinically as a diverse combination of parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, and autonomic dysfunction. It is pathologically characterized by oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions containing abnormally aggregated alpha-synuclein. According to the updated Movement Disorder Society diagnostic criteria for multiple system atrophy, the diagnosis of clinically established multiple system atrophy requires the manifestation of autonomic dysfunction in combination with poorly levo-dopa responsive parkinsonism and/or cerebellar syndrome. Although symptomatic management of multiple system atrophy can substantially improve quality of life, therapeutic benefits are often limited, ephemeral, and they fail to modify the disease progression and eradicate underlying causes. Consequently, effective breakthrough treatments that target the causes of disease are needed. Numerous preclinical and clinical studies are currently focusing on a set of hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases to slow or halt the progression of multiple system atrophy: pathological protein aggregation, synaptic dysfunction, aberrant proteostasis, neuronal inflammation, and neuronal cell death. Meanwhile, specific biomarkers and measurements with higher specificity and sensitivity are being developed for the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy, particularly for early detection of the disease. More intriguingly, a growing number of new disease-modifying candidates, which can be used to design multi-targeted, personalized treatment in patients, are being investigated, notwithstanding the failure of most previous attempts.

关键词： Multiple system atrophy alpha-Synuclein Biomarkers Disease-modifying therapies

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Antibiotics in livestock wastewater treatment by using biomass-derived activated carbon supported ZnS nanomaterials

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WATER science AND technology 2019年第7期80卷 1367-1373页

作者： Luo, Qi Li, Hua Southwest Univ Sci & Technol Sch Natl Def Sci & Technol Mianyang 621010 Sichuan Peoples R China

A new type of composite photocatalyst material was successfully prepared through the ultrasound-assisted coprecipitation method precipitate of zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanomaterials on peach wood activated carbon (PAC). The optimization of ZnS@PAC demonstrates excellent photocatalytic performance by using the response surface method (RSM), which is essential for improving photocatalytic performance. In this model it was found that the photocatalytic degradation of enrofloxacin (ENR) increased with microwave heating power and ZnS concentration, whereas it decreased with increasing activation time. The RSM model predicts that under certain conditions (microwave heating power 800 W, activation time 3 h, ZnS 0.5 mol center dot L-1), the maximum degradation rate of ENR in livestock and poultry wastewater is 97.81%. By empirical testing under the optimum conditions with 97.35% degradation the accuracy of the designed model was proven using RSM and the mechanism of the photocatalytic process was studied.

关键词： antibiotics composite photocatalyst livestock wastewater

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Theta Rhythm-Based Attention Switch Training Effectively Modified Negative Attentional Bias

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CNS NEUROscience & THERAPEUTICS 2024年第12期30卷 e70157页

作者： Li, Guo Cai, Xueli Wang, Yifeng Sichuan Normal Univ Inst Brain & Psychol Sci Chengdu Peoples R China South China Normal Univ Sch Psychol Guangzhou Peoples R China Southwest Jiaotong Univ Psychol Res & Counseling Ctr Chengdu Peoples R China

BackgroundAttentional bias modification training (ABMT) is commonly employed to regulate negative attentional bias (NAB) and, in turn, to prevent or alleviate depressive symptoms. Recent advancements in attention switch theory have facilitated the development of a novel training paradigm that may enhance the efficacy of such *** total of fifty-seven college students were assigned to two groups: one exhibiting NAB and the other without. Both groups underwent training with a novel paradigm integrating theta rhythm with the traditional dot-probe task (DPT). The DPT was also administered as a pre- and post-test *** individuals with NAB, rhythmic DPT effectively alleviates their NAB. Additionally, within the training procedure's DPT, flashing negative stimuli elicits faster responses when the probe appears at the positive stimulus' location. Baseline attention scores can negatively predict changes in subsequent corresponding attentional *** study presents a novel training paradigm-the theta rhythm-based DPT-that effectively modifies NAB. The mechanism underlying this intervention may be driven by positive salient stimuli at the critical trough, facilitating the switch of attention from negative to positive stimuli.

关键词： attentional bias attentional bias modification training cognitive training depression theta rhythm

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Nanohydroxyapatite and liposomes-coated integral bilayer scaffold for osteochondral repair via mimicking the dual differentiation microenvironment of BMSCs

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Nano Materials science 2025年

作者： Zhao, Weikang Sun, Biemin Song, Yu Cao, Yuan Liu, Yichen Zhou, Dandan Zhou, Qiang Xie, Feng Huang, Wei Li, Xiaoxiao Li, Yuling Xu, Yanqin Wang, Yiyang Department of Orthopedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing404000 China Department of Orthopedics The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing401120 China Tissue Repairing and Biotechnology Research Center The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing401120 China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing400044 China Department of Geriatric Medicine Jiulongpo People's Hospital of Chongqing Chongqing400050 China Laboratory of Biological Tissue Engineering and Digital Medicine Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong637000 China

Osteochondral defects pose an enormous challenge, and no satisfactory therapy is available to date due to the hierarchy of the native tissue consisting of articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Constructing a scaffold with biological function and biomimetic structure is the key to achieving a high-quality repair effect. Herein, a natural polymer-based bilayer scaffold with a porous architecture similar to that of osteochondral tissue is designed, involving the transforming growth factor-beta3-liposome-loaded upper layer for superficial cartilage regeneration and the nanohydroxyapatite-coated lower layer for subchondral bone rehabilitation. This research is conducted to evaluate the effects of nanoparticle-modified bilayer scaffold to mimic the hierarchical pro-chondrogenic and pro-osteogenic microenvironment for the recruited endogenous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The fabricated composites were evaluated for mechanical, physicochemical, biological properties, in vitro and in vivo tissue regeneration potential. Overall, the current bilayer scaffold could regenerate a cartilage-bone integrated tissue with a seamless interfacial integration and exhibited superior tissue repair outcomes compared to other single layer scaffolds based on morphological, radiological and histological evaluation, verifying that this novel graft could be an effective approach to tissue-engineered analogs of cartilage-subchondral bone and offer new therapeutic opportunities for osteochondral defect-associated diseases. © 2025 Chongqing University

关键词： Stem cells

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RESEARCH ON DATA-DRIVEN INTELLIGENT DESIGN METHOD FOR ENERGY DISSIPATOR OF FLEXIBLE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

ADVANCED STEEL CONSTRUCTION

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ADVANCED STEEL CONSTRUCTION 2024年第4期20卷 385-396页

作者： He, Ze-Huan Yu, Zhi-Xiang Liao, Lin-Xu Lyu, Yang-Feng Tian, Yong-Ding Southwest Jiaotong Univ Sch Civil Engn Chengdu Peoples R China Natl Engn Lab Prevent & Control Geol Disasters Lan Chengdu Peoples R China

The brake ring, an essential buffer and energy dissipator within flexible protection systems for mitigating dynamic impacts from rockfall collapses, presents notable design challenges due to its significant deformation and strain characteristics. This study introduces a highly efficient and precise neural network model tailored for the design of brake rings, utilizing BP neural networks in conjunction with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms. The paper studies the key geometric parameters, including ring diameter, tube diameter, wall thickness, and aluminum sleeve length, with performance objectives centered on starting load, maximum load, and energy dissipation. A comprehensive dataset comprising 576 samples was generated through the integration of full-scale tests and simulations, which facilitated the training of the neural network for accurate forward predictions linking physical parameters to performance outcomes. Furthermore, a PSO-based reverse design model was developed to enable effective back-calculation from desired performance outcomes to specific geometric configurations. The BP neural network exhibited high accuracy, evidenced by a fit of 0.991, and the mechanical performance of the designed products aligned with target values in over 90% of cases, with all engineering errors remaining within acceptable limits. The proposed method significantly reduces the design time to under 5 seconds, thereby vastly improving efficiency in comparison to traditional approaches. This advancement offers a rapid and reliable reference for the design of critical components in flexible protection systems. Copyright (c) 2024 by The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction. All rights reserved.

关键词： Flexible protective systems Energy dissipator Brake ring Data-driven Intelligent design

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Reliability-Based CCF Damage Analysis for Gas Turbine Blade With Thermal Barrier Coatings

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FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES 2025年

作者： Dai, Changping Yue, Peng Sun, Yu Yazdi, Mohammad Zhang, Junfu Xihua Univ Sch Mech Engn Chengdu Peoples R China Harbin Engn Univ Coll Shipbuilding Engn Harbin Heilongjiang Peoples R China Macquarie Univ Fac Sci & Engn Sch Engn Sydney NSW Australia

In this work, a dynamic surrogate modeling approach is presented for reliability analysis of turbine blades with thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) under combined high and low cycle fatigue (CCF) loadings. Initially, a three-dimensional model encompassing TBCs, turbine blades and flow fields is built to investigate the stress distribution at turbine blade surface using numerical analysis method of fluid-thermal-solid coupling. Following that, an improved seagull optimization algorithm-based backpropagation neural network (ISOA-BPNN) is developed by integrating the strengths of seagull optimization algorithm (SOA) and BP neural network. Furthermore, the probabilistic CCF estimation of turbine blades with TBCs is considered as a numerical case to evaluate the developed approach under the consideration of the uncertainties in material properties and loading conditions. The results reveal that the application of TBCs reduces the maximum stress at the blade mortise position, and the proposed ISOA-BPNN holds great prediction accuracy and computational speed for reliability analysis.

关键词： BP neural network combined high and low cycle fatigue reliability analysis thermal barrier coating turbine blade

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New insight into dental epithelial stem cells:Identification,regulation,and function in tooth homeostasis and repair

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2020年第11期12卷 1327-1340页

作者： Lu Gan Ying Liu Di-Xin Cui Yue Pan Mian Wan State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases&National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases&Department of Pediatric Dentistry West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu 610041Sichuan ProvinceChina State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases&National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases&Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu 610041Sichuan ProvinceChina

Tooth enamel,a highly mineralized tissue covering the outermost area of teeth,is always damaged by dental caries or *** enamel rarely repairs or renews itself,due to the loss of ameloblasts and dental epithelial stem cells(DESCs)once the tooth *** human teeth,mouse incisors grow continuously due to the presence of DESCs that generate enamel-producing ameloblasts and other supporting dental epithelial *** ready accessibility of mouse DESCs and wide availability of related transgenic mouse lines make mouse incisors an excellent model to examine the identity and heterogeneity of dental epithelial stem/progenitor cells;explore the regulatory mechanisms underlying enamel formation;and help answer the open question regarding the therapeutic development of enamel *** the present review,we update the current understanding about the identification of DESCs in mouse incisors and summarize the regulatory mechanisms of enamel formation driven by *** roles of DESCs during homeostasis and repair are also discussed,which should improve our knowledge regarding enamel tissue engineering.

关键词： Dental epithelial stem cells Tissue engineering Label-retaining cells Lineage tracing Single-cell sequencing

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Effects of particle size of hydroxyapatite on mechanical property and cytocompatibility of hydroxyapatite/poly(amino acid) composites

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POLYMER COMPOSITES 2022年第2期43卷 1107-1120页

作者： Lyu, Defu Zhang, Qiyi Wu, Yanan Chen, Lichao Li, Xiaodan Ren, Haohao Yan, Yonggang Sichuan Univ Coll Phys Chengdu Peoples R China Sichuan Univ Sch Chem Engn Chengdu Peoples R China

In this work, three different particle sizes of hydroxyapatites (HA) were synthesized, and these three types of HA were combined with poly(amino acid) (PAA) to form composites (PAA/HA) by phase separation technique. XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDS, and XPS analyses were utilized to characterize the structure and morphology of the synthesized three HA particles and composites. Results revealed that HAs with three different particle sizes (short rod (HA1), long rod in nanoscale (HA2), and long rod in micron level (HA3)) were successfully prepared and there was an interface interaction between PAA and HA in composites. Mechanical tests showed that the difference of HA in size played an important role in mechanical performance of the composites. Furthermore, the long rod nano-HA showed the highest enhancement in flexural yield strength at 81.3% for PAA/HA2 compared with pure PAA. After 28 days of immersion in PBS, PAA, and its composites showed good stability, and the mechanical performance of all composites were remained unchanged. The cell culture results showed all composites were cytocompatible, cells attached on the materials well with excellent morphology. Thus, it could be concluded that particle size influenced mechanical properties of PAA/HA composites, without impacting their cytocompatibility and degradation behavior.

关键词： composites hydroxyapatites mechanical properties poly(amino acid) sizes

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Phytoextraction of cobalt (Co)-contaminated soils by sweet alyssum (Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv.) is enhanced by biodegradable chelating agents

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JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS 2020年第4期20卷 1931-1942页

作者： Chen, Li Zeng, Chao Wang, Dan Yang, Jin-yan Southwest Univ Sci & Technol Coll Life Sci & Engn Mianyang 621010 Sichuan Peoples R China Sichuan Univ Coll Architecture & Environm Chengdu 610065 Peoples R China

Purpose Combining biodegradable chelating agents with phytoextraction is an efficient technique to amend metal-contaminated soils, but most studies have addressed remediation efficiency rather than a comprehensive understanding of the interactions among plant stress, metal accumulation, and metal bioavailability. This study aimed to investigate the effects of biodegradable chelating agents on improving the efficiency of phytoextraction for cobalt (Co)-contaminated soil by sweet alyssum (Lobularia maritima (L.)) and to explore the interrelationships among plant stress, Co accumulation, and Co bioavailability. Materials and methods Sweet alyssum (three plants per pot) was grown in pots containing soil with Co added at 0, 40, and 60 mg kg(-1), respectively. After 70 days of growth, we added four biodegradable chelating agents (EDDS, NTA, CA, and OA) at various concentrations (0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mmol kg(-1)). The plants were harvested after 7 days, and the biomass, reactive oxygen species (ROS) parameters, Co concentrations of the shoot and root, and available Co content in the soil were analyzed. Results and discussion The results demonstrate that chelating agents significantly (p < 0.05) improved the phytoextraction capability of sweet alyssum and influenced plant growth and stress. The capability of EDDS to activate Co was higher than that of other chelating agents at identical concentrations in Co-contaminated soils. Furthermore, we observed that a moderate concentration (40 mg kg(-1)) of Co could promote plant growth and that high concentrations of Co (60 mg kg(-1)) and EDDS (7.5 mmol kg(-1)) cause enhanced stress to plant growth, even resulting in lower shoot Co accumulation than that in the moderate EDDS treatment (5.0 mmol kg(-1)). Conclusions The present study demonstrates that the application of EDDS may be a better choice for Co phytoextraction than NTA, CA, and OA;nevertheless, a high concentration of EDDS may enhance the negative effects on plant growth,

关键词： Sweet alyssum Chelating agents Plant growth Bioavailability Phytoextraction Co-contaminated soil

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Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract promotes skeletal muscle fiber type transformation through modulation of cecal microbiota and enhanced butyric acid production

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JOURNAL OF FOOD science 2024年第6期89卷 3788-3801页

作者： Li, Yiqiang Chen, Xiaoling He, Jun Zheng, Ping Luo, Yuheng Yu, Bing Chen, Daiwen Huang, Zhiqing Sichuan Agr Univ Inst Anim Nutr Key Lab Anim Dis Resistance Nutr China Minist Educ Chengdu Peoples R China Sichuan Agr Univ Inst Anim Nutr Chengdu 611130 Sichuan Peoples R China

The conversion of fast-twitch fibers into slow-twitch fibers within skeletal muscle plays a crucial role in improving physical stamina and safeguarding against metabolic disorders in individuals. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) possesses numerous pharmacological and health advantages, effectively inhibiting the onset of chronic illnesses. However, there is a lack of research on the specific mechanisms by which GSPE influences muscle physiology and gut microbiota. This study aims to investigate the role of gut microbiota and their metabolites in GSPE regulation of skeletal muscle fiber type conversion. In this experiment, 54 male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups: basal diet, basal diet supplemented with GSPE, and basal diet supplemented with GSPE and antibiotics. During the feeding period, glucose tolerance and forced swimming tests were performed. After euthanasia, samples of muscle and feces were collected for analysis. The results showed that GSPE increased the muscle mass and anti-fatigue capacity of the mice, as well as the expression of slow-twitch fibers. However, the beneficial effects of GSPE on skeletal muscle fibers disappeared after adding antibiotics to eliminate intestinal microorganisms, suggesting that GSPE may play a role by regulating intestinal microbial structure. In addition, GSPE increased the relative abundance of Blautia, Muribaculaceae, and Enterorhabdus, as well as butyrate production. Importantly, these gut microbes exhibited a significant positive correlation with the expression of slow-twitch muscle fibers. In conclusion, supplementation with GSPE can increase the levels of slow-twitch fibers by modulating the gut microbiota, consequently prolonging the duration of exercise before exhaustion.

关键词： butyric acid grape seed proanthocyanidin extract gut microbes muscle fiber type transformation skeletal muscle

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