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Selective control of lactobacilli in kimchi with nisin

LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2000年第3期30卷 173-177页

作者： Choi, MH Park, YH Ajou Univ Dept Mol Sci & Technol Suwon 442749 South Korea

The use of nisin to control the lactobacilli responsible for the over-ripening of kimchi, traditional Korean fermented vegetables, was studied. Of the 40 strains of lactic acid bacteria studied, most were sensitive to nisin at a concentration of 100 IU ml(-1), while two strains appeared to be resistant. In MRS broth containing nisin at concentrations of 100-300 IU ml(-1), the growth of sensitive strains of Lactobacillus plantarum was delayed for 2-3 d at 20 degrees C. When nisin was added to kimchi at a concentration of 100 IU ml(-1), the growth of Lactobacillus spp. was inhibited more than the growth of Leuconostoc spp. Scanning electron micrograph observations confirmed the results, demonstrating the predominance of cocci in kimchi containing nisin. These results suggest that at recommended levels, nisin can be used to preserve kimchi by inhibiting lactobacilli more effectively than other lactic acid bacteria involved in kimchi fermentation.

关键词：抗菌药/药理学发酵/药物作用食品微生物学氢离子浓度朝鲜乳杆菌属/药物作用乳杆菌属/生长和发育乳杆菌属/分离和提纯明串珠菌属/药物作用明串珠菌属/生长和发育微生物敏感性试验显微镜检查电子扫描乳链球菌素/药理学种特异性温度时间因素蔬菜/微生物学

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Lactobacillus farciminis MD, a newer strain with potential for bacteriocin and antibiotic assay

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LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2000年第3期30卷 197-202页

作者： Halami, PM Chandrashekar, A Nand, K Cent Food Technol Res Inst Dept Food Microbiol Mysore 570013 Karnataka India

A native isolate Lactobacillus farciminis MD isolated from fermenting mushroom exhibited a high degree of sensitivity to the majority of the bacteriocins produced by strains of lactobacilli, leuconostoc and pediococci. Also, the efficacy of Lact. farciminis MD as a sensitive strain for antibiotic assay was established against different antibiotics including ampicillin, cefazoline, chloramphenicol and nitrofurantoin at concentrations of 30 mu g each, showing an inhibition zone of 30 mm diameter. The high degree of sensitivity towards bacteriocins and antibiotics provide potential for the exploitation of Lact. farciminis MD in establishing very well-defined bacteriocin producers.

关键词：伞菌目抗菌药/药理学细菌素类/生物合成细菌素类/药理学发酵食品微生物学乳杆菌属/药物作用乳杆菌属/遗传学乳杆菌属/分离和提纯明串珠菌属/代谢微生物敏感性试验片球菌属/代谢

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INHIBITION OF BACTERIAL WALL LYSINS BY LIPOTEICHOIC ACIDS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS

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BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 1975年第3期67卷 1128-1135页

作者： CLEVELAND, RF HOLTJE, JV WICKEN, AJ TOMASZ, A DANEOMOORE, L SHOCKMAN, GD TEMPLE UNIV SCH MEDDEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOLPHILADELPHIAPA 19122 ROCKEFELLER UNIV NEW YORKNY 10021

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from several Gram-positive microorganisms, Forssman antigen (Fag) from Diplococcus pneumoniae R36A, and an acidic lipopolysaccharide (ALP) from Micrococcus luteus were examined for effects on four wall lysis systems. The LTAs inhibited the N-acetylmuramidases of Streptococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus acidophilus , and the amidase of Bacillus subtilis 168. Deacylated LTA failed to inhibit. LTAs failed to inhibit the amidase of pneumococcus. Fag inhibited the pneumococcal amidase, but had no effect on the other three systems.

关键词：细菌/酶学细胞壁/药物作用细胞壁/酶学粪肠球菌/酶学 Forssman抗原水解酶类/拮抗剂和抑制剂动力学乳杆菌属/药物作用乳杆菌属/酶学嗜酸乳杆菌/酶学干酪乳杆菌/酶学脂多糖类/药理学链球菌属/药物作用链球菌属/酶学肺炎链球菌磷壁酸类/药理学

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Purification and some characteristics of enterocin ON-157, a bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus faecium NIAI 157

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JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2000年第1期88卷 81-89页

作者： Ohmomo, S Murata, S Katayama, N Nitisinprasart, S Kobayashi, M Nakajima, T Yajima, M Nakanishi, K Minist Agr Forestry & Fisheries Natl Inst Anim Ind Tsukuba Ibaraki 3050901 Japan Shizuoka Prefecture Toubu Livestock Hlth & Hyg Of Shizuoka Japan Tokyo Univ Agr Tokyo Japan Kasetsart Univ Fac Agroind Bangkok Thailand Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd Chuo Ku Tokyo Japan

Bacteriocin-like activity (BLA) was screened in 690 strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from plant materials such as silages and fermented vegetables. Among them, a strain identified as Enterococcus faecium NIAI 157 showed a clear BLA against the indicator strain, Ent. faecium IFO 13712. The proteinaceous nature and antimicrobial activity against closely related species strongly indicated that this BLA was a bacteriocin and was designated enterocin ON-157. The bacteriocin activity of this strain was extracellularly produced in the logarithmic growth phase in MRS broth and purified by ultrafiltration, ammonium sulphate precipitation and cation-exchange chromatography. Purified enterocin ON-157 had a molecular weight of approximately 2500 Da in SDS-PAGE analysis and was easily inhibited by treatment with alpha-amylase and proteolytic enzymes. Enterocin ON-157 had a bactericidal mode of action and inhibited the growth of the enterococci, Lactobacillus sake and Listeria monocytogenes. Enterococcus faecium NIAI 157 harboured two plasmids, 49.0 kb and 43.7 kb, and a variant missing a larger plasmid by curing with novobiocin lost the bactriocin activity.

关键词：抗菌药/药理学细菌素类/分离和提纯细菌素类/药理学电泳琼脂凝胶电泳聚丙烯酰氨凝胶屎肠球菌/化学屎肠球菌/药物作用屎肠球菌/代谢乳杆菌属/药物作用乳杆菌属/生长和发育单核细胞增生利斯特菌/药物作用单核细胞增生利斯特菌/生长和发育微生物敏感性试验乳链球菌素/药理学质粒

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The presence of salt and a curing agent reduces bacteriocin production by Lactobacillus sakei CTC 494, a potential starter culture for sausage fermentation

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APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY 1999年第12期65卷 5350-5356页

作者： Leroy, F De Vuyst, L Free Univ Brussels Dept Appl Biol Sci Res Grp Ind Microbiol Fermentat Technol & Downstr B-1050 Brussels Belgium

The specific conditions in the batter of raw fermented sausages may reduce the efficiency of bacteriocin-producing starter cultures. In this work, using in vitro fermentation, we found that sodium chloride and sodium nitrite interfere with the growth of Lactobacillus sakei CTC 494, an organism which produces the antilisterial bacteriocin sakacin K. Because sakacin K production follows primary metabolite kinetics, a decrease in cell formation resulted in a decrease in sakacin K production as well. Sodium chloride dramatically influenced bacteriocin production by decreasing both biomass production and specific bacteriocin production. Sodium nitrite, however, had no effect on specific bacteriocin production and decreased bacteriocin production only because of its effect on cell growth. Moreover, sodium nitrite enhanced the toxic effect of lactic acid on bacterial growth.

关键词：细菌素类/生物合成生物量发酵食品处理和加工甘油/药理学动力学乳杆菌属/药物作用乳杆菌属/生长和发育肉制品/微生物学氯化钠/药理学亚硝酸钠/药理学

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Citrate can partially replace carbon dioxide required for growth of Lactococcus lactis subsp lactis biovar diacetylactis

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LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2000年第5期30卷 415-418页

作者： Henriksen, CM Curic, M Nilsson, D Chr Hansen AS Bio Ingredients Dept Physiol & Metab DK-2970 Horsholm Denmark

Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis was grown as batch cultures on a chemically defined medium. No growth was observed when the cultures were sparged with pure nitrogen (1.3 l l(-1) min(-1)) whereas the cultures displayed exponential growth in the presence of minute amounts of carbon dioxide (0.035 mol-% of the inlet gas). However, in the former case, the addition of citrate restored growth. This suggested that oxaloacetate required for aspartate biosynthesis can be formed by the carboxylation of pyruvate or by citrate catabolism. When the cultures were heavily sparged with nitrogen (2.6 l l(-1) min(-1)), no growth was observed even in the presence of citrate. This indicated that growth in these conditions was repressed by the absence of carbon dioxide required in some other biosynthetic reaction than in the carboxylation of pyruvate leading to oxaloacetate/aspartate biosynthesis.

关键词：二氧化碳柠檬酸/药理学培养基乳杆菌属/药物作用乳杆菌属/生长和发育氮分光光度法

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7-SUBSTITUTED ACTINOMYCIN-D ANALOGS - CHEMICAL AND GROWTH-INHIBITORY STUDIES

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JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1975年第12期18卷 1175-1180页

作者： SENGUPTA, SK TINTER, SK LAZARUS, H BROWN, BL MODEST, EJ HARVARD UNIV MED SCH SIDNEY FARBER CANC CTR BOSTON MA 02115 USA

The synthesis and biological activity of three 7-substituted actinomycin D derivatives are reported. Three such derivatives, 7-nitro-, 7-amino-, and 7-hydroxyactinomycin D, were synthesized via new methods which were first tested successfully with a chromophore model system. Of these, 7-nitro- and 7-aminoactinomycin D were assayed for growth inhibitory activity against mammalian cells (CCRF-CEM human lymphoblastic leukemia) in vitro and against the Ridgway osteogenic sarcoma and the L1210, P1534, and P388 murine leukemias in vivo. In these systems, the inhibitory activity of the 7-substituted analogs was comparable to actinomycin D. In two bacterial systems ( (L. casei and L. arabinosus) in vitro, on the other hand, these compounds showed inhibitory profiles which are distinctly different from actinomycin D. These studies demonstrate that substitution at the 7 position, which does not interfere with DNA binding, is capable of yielding experimental antitumor agents with significant activity against a variety of tumors.

关键词：更生霉素/类似物和衍生物更生霉素/化学合成更生霉素/药理学更生霉素/治疗应用乳杆菌属/药物作用白血病L1210/药物疗法白血病实验性/药物疗法磁共振波谱学小鼠近交系骨肉瘤/药物疗法肉瘤实验性/药物疗法构效关系动物人类小鼠

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Effect of conjugated bile salts on antibiotic susceptibility of bile salt-tolerant Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium isolates

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JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION 2000年第10期63卷 1369-1376页

作者： Charteris, WP Kelly, PM Morelli, L Collins, JK SET Consultants Ltd Cork Ireland Natl Dairy Prod Res Ctr Cork Ireland Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore Inst Microbiol Piacenza Italy Univ Coll Dept Microbiol Cork Ireland

Virtually every antibiotic may cause in vivo alterations in the number, level, and composition of the indigenous microbiotae. The degree to which the microbiotae are disturbed depends on many factors. Although bile may augment antibiotic activity, studies on the effect of bile on the antibiotic susceptibility of indigenous and exogenous probiotic microorganisms are lacking. It was against this background that the antibiotic susceptibility of 37 bile salt-tolerant Lactobacillus and 11 Bifidobacterium isolates from human and other sources was determined in the presence of 0.5% wt/wt oxgall (conjugated bile salts). Oxgall did not affect the intrinsic resistance of lactobacilli to metronidazole (5 mu g), vancomycin (30 mu g), and cotrimoxazole (25 mu g), whereas it resulted in a complete loss of resistance to polymyxin B (300 mu g) and the aminoglycosides gentamicin (10 mu g), kanamycin (30 mu g), and streptomycin (10 mu g) for most strains studied (P < 0.001). Oxgall did not affect the intrinsic resistance of bifidobacteria to metronidazole and vancomycin, whereas polymyxin B and co-trimoxazole resistance was diminished (P < 0.05) and aminoglycoside resistance was lost (P ( 0.001). Seven lactobacilli, but no bifidobacteria strain, showed unaltered intrinsic antibiotic resistance profiles in the presence of oxgall. Oxgall affected the extrinsic susceptibility of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria to penicillin G (10 mu g), ampicillin (10 mu g). tetracycline (30 mu g), chloramphenicol (30 mu g), erythromycin (15 mu g), and rifampicin (5 mu g) in a source- and strain-dependent manner. Human strain-drug combinations of lactobacilli (P < 0.05) and bifidobacteria (P < 0.01) were more likely to show no change or decreased susceptibility compared with other strain-drug combinations. The antimicrobial activity spectra of polymyxin B and the aminoglycosides should not be considered limited to gram-negative bacteria but extended to include gram-positive genera of the indigenous and

关键词：抗菌药/药理学二裂菌属/药物作用二裂菌属/生长和发育二裂菌属/分离和提纯胆汁酸类和盐类/药理学消化系统/微生物学抗药性微生物乳杆菌属/药物作用乳杆菌属/生长和发育乳杆菌属/分离和提纯微生物敏感性试验有益菌种泌尿生殖系统/微生物学女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Effective use of nisin to control lactic acid bacterial spoilage in vacuum-packed bologna-type sausage

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JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION 1999年第9期62卷 1004-1010页

作者： Davies, EA Milne, CF Bevis, HE Potter, RW Harris, JM Willams, GC Thomas, LV Delves-Broughton, J Aplin & Barrett Ltd Cultor Food Sci Tech Dept Beaminster DT8 3DZ Dorset England

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) commonly cause spoilage in minimal heat-treated vacuum-packed cured delicatessen meats. Predominant species are Lactobacillus sake and L. curvatus. LAB strains isolated from spoiled products of this type (liver sausage, ham and bologna sausage) were found to be sensitive to low nisin concentrations (maximum of 1.25 mu g g(-1)). Addition of 25 mu g g(-1) nisin las Nisaplin) inhibited the growth of LAB spoilage organisms inoculated into vacuum-packed pasteurized bologna-type sausages stored at 8 degrees C. Control sausages became spoiled (>10(8) LAB CFU g(-1)) by day 7, whereas sausages containing nisin remained unspoiled for >50 days. The effect of three types of phosphates (used as emulsifiers) on nisin activity in the sausages was compared. LAB growth rate was fastest in samples containing orthophosphate, and slowest in sausages containing diphosphate. The shelf life was also greatly extended in the latter. Fat content also affected nisin activity. Nisin activity las indicated by LAB inhibition) was greatest in samples containing 15% > 25% > 37% (wt/wt) fat. In a sausage formulation containing 37% fat and incorporating diphosphate as emulsifier, levels of nisin as low as 2.5 mu g g(-1) showed antibacterial effects. A nisin level of 6.25 mu g g(-1) totally inhibited LAB growth for over 4 weeks and 25 mu g g(-1) for 5 weeks. Spoilage control was achieved in the same sausage formulation but with 25% (wt/wt) fat;12.5 mu g g(-1) nisin prevented LAB growth for 5 weeks.

关键词：抗菌药/药理学辅药/药理学脂肪类/药理学食品微生物学食品防腐剂/药理学氢离子浓度乳杆菌属/药物作用乳杆菌属/生长和发育肉制品/微生物学乳链球菌素/药理学磷酸盐类/药理学猪时间因素动物牛

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Expression of Clostridium thermocellum endoglucanase gene in Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus johnsonii and characterization of the genetically modified probiotic Lactobacilli

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CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY 2000年第4期40卷 257-263页

作者： Cho, JS Choi, YJ Chung, DK Seoul Natl Univ Coll Agr & Life Sci Dept Anim Sci & Technol Suwon 441744 South Korea Kyung Hee Univ Dept Genet Engn Yongin Kun 449701 South Korea

Endoglucanase A from Clostridium thermocellum resistant to pancreatic proteinase was selected out of a range of microbial cellulases expressed in lactobacilli. Two Lactobacillus-E. coli expression vectors, harboring the endoglucanase gene from C. thermocellum under the control of its own promoter (pSD1) and the Lactococcus lactis lac A promoter (pSD2), were constructed separately. Intestinal Lactobacillus strains, L. gasseri and L. johnsonii, were electrotransformed with pSD1 and pSD2, and the stability of each plasmid was evaluated. The endoglucanase activities of 0.722 and 0.759 U/ml were respectively found in culture medium of L. gasseri and L. johnsonii containing pSD1, and of 0.407 U/ml in medium of L. gasseri harboring pSD2. When the probiotic characteristics such as acid-tolerance, bile-salt tolerance, and antibiotic susceptibility were investigated, L. gasseri and L. johnsonii were resistant to low pHs of 2 and 3. Also, L. johnsonii was bile-salt resistant in the presence of 0.5% oxgall and porcine bile extract. L. johnsonii and L. gasseri showed a rather homogeneous resistant pattern against tested antibiotics. Both strains were resistant to amikacin, bacitracin, gentamicin, streptomycin, kanamycin, and colistin.

关键词：胆汁纤维素酶/拮抗剂和抑制剂纤维素酶/遗传学纤维素酶/代谢梭菌属/酶学梭菌属/遗传学抗药性微生物内肽酶类/药理学遗传载体氢离子浓度乳杆菌属/药物作用乳杆菌属/遗传学乳杆菌属/代谢有益菌种/代谢重组蛋白质类/代谢猪转化细菌动物

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