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植物的微波照射提取法

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现代药物与临床 1999年第6期14卷 268-269页

作者：龚苏晓

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Antimicrobial activity of Mitracarpus scaber extract and isolated constituents

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LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2000年第2期30卷 105-108页

作者： Bisignano, G Sanogo, R Marino, A Aquino, R D'Angelo, V Germanò, MP De Pasquale, R Pizza, C Univ Messina Sch Pharm Pharmacobiol Dept Microbiol Sect I-98168 Messina Italy Univ Salerno Sch Pharm Dept Pharmaceut Sci Salerno Italy

The antimicrobial activity of a methanol extract and isolated constituents of Mitracarpus scaber, a species used in folk medicine by West African native people, was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans strains. The mitracarpus methanol extract possesses both antibacterial and antimycotic activities (minimum inhibitory concentration-MIC 31.25 and 62.50 mu g ml(-1), respectively). This extract was subsequently fractioned and monitored by bioassays leading to the isolation of seven compounds screened for antibacterial and antimycotic activities. Among these compounds, gallic acid and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid inhibited the growth of Staph. aureus (MIC 3.90 and 0.97 mu g ml(-1)). 4-Methoxyacetophenone and 3,4,5-trimethoxyacetophenone effectively inhibited C. albicans (MIC 1.95 mu g ml(-1)). The other compounds (kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, rutin and psoralen) which were also isolated showed low antibacterial and antimycotic activities (125-500 mu g ml(-1)).

关键词：抗菌药抗感染药/化学抗感染药/分离和提纯抗感染药/药理学白色念珠菌/药物作用甲醇/化学微生物敏感性试验植物提取物/化学植物提取物/分离和提纯植物提取物/药理学茜草科/化学金黄色葡萄球菌/药物作用

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A highly efficient and robust cell-free protein synthesis system prepared from wheat embryos: Plants apparently contain a suicide system directed at ribosomes

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2000年第2期97卷 559-564页

作者： Madin, K Sawasaki, T Ogasawara, T Endo, Y Ehime Univ Fac Engn Dept Appl Chem Matsuyama Ehime 7908577 Japan

Current cell-free protein synthesis systems can synthesize proteins with high speed and accuracy, but produce only a low yield because of their instability over time. Here we describe the preparation of a highly efficient but also robust cell-free system from wheat embryos. We first investigated the source of the instability of existing systems in light of endogenous ribosome-inactivating proteins and found that ribosome inactivation by tritin occurs already during extract preparation and continues during incubation for protein synthesis. Therefore, we prepared our system from extensively washed embryos that are devoid of contamination by endosperm, the source of tritin and possibly other inhibitors. In a batch system, we observed continuous translation for 4 h, and sucrose density gradient analysis showed formation of large polysomes, indicating high protein synthesis activity. When the reaction was performed in a dialysis bag, enabling the continuous supply of substrates together with the continuous removal of small byproducts, translation proceeded for >60 h, yielding 1-4 mg of enzymatically active proteins, and 0.6 mg of a 126-kDa tobacco mosaic virus protein, per milliliter of reaction volume. Our results demonstrate that plants contain endogenous inhibitors of translation and that after their elimination the translational apparatus is very stable. This contrasts with the common belief that cell-free translation systems are inherently unstable, even fragile. Our method is useful for the preparation of large amounts of active protein as well as for the study of protein synthesis itself.

关键词：无细胞系统绿色荧光蛋白质类萤光素酶类/生物合成萤光素酶类/遗传学发光蛋白质类/生物合成发光蛋白质类/遗传学植物提取物/化学植物提取物/分离和提纯植物蛋白质类/分离和提纯蛋白质生物合成蛋白质类/遗传学核糖体失活蛋白质类 1型核糖体/代谢种子/化学种子/代谢四氢叶酸脱氢酶/生物合成四氢叶酸脱氢酶/遗传学烟草花叶病毒/化学小麦属/化学小麦属/代谢小麦属/生理学病毒蛋白质类/生物合成病毒蛋白质类/遗传学

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The anti-inflammatory compounds of Polygonum bistorta:: Isolation and characterisation

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PLANTA MEDICA 1999年第4期65卷 371-374页

作者： Duwiejua, M Zeitlin, IJ Gray, AI Waterman, PG Univ Strathclyde Dept Physiol & Pharmacol Strathclyde Inst Biomed Sci Glasgow G4 0NR Lanark Scotland Univ Strathclyde Phytochem Res Labs Dept Pharmaceut Sci Royal Coll Glasgow G4 0NR Lanark Scotland UST Dept Pharmacol Fac Pharm Kumasi Ghana

A bioassay-guided technique has been used to isolate anti-inflammatory compounds from the dried rhizomes of Polygonum bistorta, for structural identification. Anti-inflammatory activity was detected using the carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema. Two compounds were isolated which significantly suppressed the inflammatory response. Spectral data from EIMS and NMR together with some physical characteristics revealed the identities of the two active compounds as 5-glutinen-3-one and friedelanol. The results indicate that these two compounds largely account for the anti-inflammatory actions of the rhizomes of P. bistorta.

关键词：磁共振波谱学质谱分析法植物提取物/化学植物提取物/分离和提纯植物提取物/药理学蓼科/化学大鼠 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠

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Inhibitory mechanism of aloe single component (alprogen) on mediator release in guinea pig lung mast cells activated with specific antigen-antibody reactions

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JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS 2000年第1期292卷 114-121页

作者： Ro, JY Lee, BC Kim, JY Chung, YJ Chung, MH Lee, SK Jo, TH Kim, KH Park, YI Yonsei Univ Coll Med Dept Pharmacol Seoul 120752 South Korea Korea Univ Grad Sch Biotechnol Seoul 136701 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Coll Med Dept Pharmacol Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Coll Pharm Dept Biochem Seoul South Korea Nam Yang Aloe Co Inst Life Sci Seoul South Korea

We previously reported that the glycoprotein extracted from aloe strongly inhibited the mediator releases caused by the activation of guinea pig lung mast cells. Therefore, this study aimed to purify a single component that has an antiallergic effect from crude aloe extract and then to assess the effects of aloe single component (alprogen) on the mechanism of mediator releases caused by the mast cell activation. We purified aloe extracts by using various columns. We also purified mast cells from guinea pig lung tissues by using enzyme digestion, rough and discontinuous density Percoll gradient. Mast cells were sensitized with IgG(1) (anti-ovalbumin) and challenged with ovalbumin. Histamine was assayed by using a fluorometric analyzer and leukotrienes by radioimmunoassay. [Ca2+](i) level was analyzed by using a confocal laser scanning microscope. Protein kinase activity was determined by the protein phosphorylated with [gamma-P-32] ATP. The phospholipase D activity was assessed by the labeled phosphatidylalcohol. The amount of mass 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) was measured by the [H-3] DAG produced when prelabeled with [H-3] myristic acid. Phospholipase A(2) activity was determined by measuring the lyso-phosphatidylcholine released from the labeled phospholipids. Alprogen significantly decreased histamine and leukotriene releases and blocked completely Ca2+ influx during mast cell activation. The protein kinase C and phospholipase D activities were decreased by alprogen in dose-dependent manner. Alprogen inhibited mass DAG formation and the phospholipase A(2) activity during mast cell activation. The data suggest that alprogen purified from aloe inhibits multiple signals as well as blocking Ca2+ influx caused by mast cells activated with specific antigen-antibody reactions and that then the inhibition of histamine and leukotriene release follows.

关键词：芦荟/化学抗原抗体反应/生理学钙/代谢细胞培养的仓鼠亚科甘油二酯类/代谢剂量效应关系药物电泳聚丙烯酰氨凝胶荧光组胺释放/药物作用免疫球蛋白G/药理学炎症介导素类/代谢白三烯类/分泌肺/药物作用肥大细胞/药物作用肥大细胞/代谢显微镜检查共焦卵白蛋白/药理学磷脂酶D/代谢磷脂酶A/代谢植物提取物/分离和提纯植物提取物/药理学植物药用蛋白激酶类/代谢放射免疫测定时间因素动物女(雌)性

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The water extract of Jagamchotang protects the ischemia/reperfusion-induced cytotoxicity of rat neonatal myocardial cells via generation of nitric oxide

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IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY AND IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY 2000年第2期22卷 297-315页

作者： Oh, J So, HS Park, RK Ryu, DK Moon, BS Park, OK Chung, YT Wonkwang Univ Sch Med Dept Anat Iksan 570749 Chonbuk South Korea Wonkwang Univ Sch Med Dept Microbiol Iksan 570749 Chonbuk South Korea Wonkwang Univ Sch Med Dept Internal Med Iksan 570749 Chonbuk South Korea Profess Grad Sch Oriental Med Iksan 570749 Chonbuk South Korea

Jagamchotang has been used for treatment of ischemic myocardial diseases in Chinese traditional medicine. However, little is known about the mechanism by which Jagamchotang rescues myocardial cells from ischemic damages. To elucidate the protective mechanisms, the effects of Jagamchotang on ischemia/reperfusion-induced cytotoxicity and generation of nitric oxide (NO) are investigated in primary neonatal myocardial cells. Ischemia/reperfusion itself induces severe myocardial cell death in vitro. However, treatment of the cells with Jagamchotang significantly reduces both ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial cell death and LDH release. In addition, pretreatment of Jagamchotang before reperfusion recovers the lose of beating rates after ischemia/reperfusion. For a while, the water extract of Jagamchotang stimulates myoardial cells in ischemic condition to produce nitric oxide (NO) in a dose dependent manner and it protectes the damage of myocardial cells. Furthermore, the protective effects of the water extract of Jagamchotang is mimicked by treatment of sodium nitroprusside, an exogenous NO donor. N-G-monomethyi-L-argine (N(G)MMA), a specific inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), significantly blocks the protective effects of Jagamchotang on the cells after ischemia/reperfusion. Taken together, we suggest that the protective effects of Jagamchotang against ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial damages may be mediated by NO production during ischemic condition.

关键词：动物新生细胞存活/药物作用中草药心肌缺血/药物疗法心肌再灌注损伤/代谢心肌再灌注损伤/病理学心肌再灌注损伤/预防和控制心肌/细胞学心肌/代谢一氧化氮/生物合成一氧化氮/药理学植物提取物/分离和提纯植物提取物/药理学动物人类大鼠

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Anti-inflammatory activity of dichloromethane extract of Heterotheca inuloides in vivo and in vitro

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PLANTA MEDICA 2000年第6期66卷 553-555页

作者： Segura, L Freixa, B Ringbom, T Vila, R Perera, P Adzet, T Bohlin, L Cañigueral, S Univ Barcelona Fac Farm Unitat Farmacol & Farmacognosia E-08028 Barcelona Spain Uppsala Univ Ctr Biomed Dept Pharm Div Pharmacognosy Uppsala Sweden

The dichloromethane extract from the dried flowers of Heterotheca inuloides Cass. was investigated on several pharmacological models of inflammation in vivo and in vitro. It showed anti-inflammatory activity on the croton oil-induced oedema test in mouse ear, at 1 mg/ear. The compound isolated from this extract, 7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydrocadalin, showed antiinflammatory effect on the same experimental model (ED50 of 0.9 mu mol/ear), as well as on COX-1 and COX-2 catalysed prostaglandin biosynthesis assays, with IC50 values of 22 mu M and 526 mu M, respectively. No effect was observed on carrageenan-induced oedema and on fMLP/PAF-induced exocytosis of human neutrophils. The COX-1 inhibitory effect showed by 7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydrocadalin might be related to the anti-inflammatory activity on the topical oedema induced by croton oil.

关键词：菊科/化学细胞培养的环加氧酶抑制药/化学环加氧酶抑制药/分离和提纯环加氧酶抑制药/药理学植物提取物/化学植物提取物/分离和提纯植物提取物/药理学人类小鼠

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Ginkgo biloba:: A living fossil

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2000年第4期108卷 341-342页

作者： Jacobs, BP Browner, WS Univ Calif San Francisco Osher Ctr Integrat Med San Francisco CA 94143 USA Univ Calif San Francisco Dept Med San Francisco CA 94143 USA

In 1998, Americans spent about 4 billion dollars on botanical medicines (1, 2) and Ginkgo biloba ranked first among herbal medications sold in health food stores (3). Ginkgo biloba, whose medicinal uses were described in the Chinese Materia Medica more than 2,000 years ago, is used most frequently to treat memory and cognitive impairment, for which it has moderate efficacy with minimal side effects (4–9). Some patients also use ginkgo to treat symptoms of claudication, a condition for which the German Federal Health Agency considers it to be effective (10).

关键词：银杏/治疗应用间歇性跛行/药物疗法植物药疗法植物提取物/化学植物提取物/分离和提纯植物药用人类

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Total synthesis of monatin

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ORGANIC LETTERS 2000年第19期2卷 2967-2970页

作者： Nakamura, K Baker, TJ Goodman, M Univ Calif San Diego Dept Chem & Biochem La Jolla CA 92093 USA

[GRAGHICS] The naturally occurring sweetener Monatin, a diastereomer of Monatin, and a phenyl analogue of Monatin have been prepared and isolated In their enantiomerically pure forms.

关键词：色谱法高压液相谷氨酸/类似物和衍生物谷氨酸/化学合成吲哚类/化学合成核磁共振生物分子植物提取物/化学合成植物提取物/分离和提纯植物/化学立体异构现象甜味剂/化学合成甜味剂/分离和提纯

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Progesterone potentiating effect of Dipsacus mitis D. Don for its contraceptive action in hamster

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Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 1999年第4期37卷 402-405页

作者： Kitchlu, Shakti Mehrotra, P.K. Singh, Sumitra DivisionofEndocrinology CentralDrugResearchInstituteLucknowIndia.

A pure compound, isolated from ethyl acetate extract (root) of D. mitis D. Don, prevented pregnancy by 100% in adult female hamster but partially in rat when administered orally on Days 1-7 and 1-10 post-coitum respectively. The effective dose in both species was 150 mg/kg. Using uterine wet weight in ovariectomized immature rat as bioassay method, the compound was found to be devoid of estrogenic and antiestrogenic property. On examination for progestational and antiprogestational activity, using trauma-induced deciduoma formation in immature rat uterus as end points, the compound (per se) did not show the former activity but in a conjoint treatment with progesterone it augmented the action of latter. The compound was assumed to act by potentiating progesterone biosynthesis, the excess of which might be the cause for interruption of pregnancy in hamster. This is the first study to report contraceptive efficacy and mode of its action at the uterine level.

关键词：被子植物避孕药口服/分离和提纯避孕药口服/药理学仓鼠亚科金仓鼠植物提取物/分离和提纯植物提取物/药理学植物药用孕酮/激动剂大鼠 Sprague-Dawley 子宫/药物作用动物女(雌)性男(雄)性妊娠大鼠

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