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应用含维生素A蓰膏治疗牙周炎

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国际口腔医学杂志 1994年第6期21卷 356页

作者： Трыкоьскчя-ЯН 乔咏梅译

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增补维生素A预防和治疗婴儿慢性肺部疾病

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中华儿科杂志 1990年第1期28卷 56-57页

作者：彭兆麟董宗祈武汉市儿童医院

近年来国外报道用维生素A预防和治疗早产儿慢性肺部疾患,尤其对呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)患儿,应用机械通气后肺损伤所引起的慢性肺部疾患,收到了满意的疗效。现综述如下。

关键词：维生素a/治疗应用支气管肺发育不良/预防和控制

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RETINOIDS AND CANCER PREVENTION

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CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS 1979年第2期29卷 120-125页

作者： SPORN, MB

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PRESENCE OF CELLULAR RETINOL AND RETINOIC ACID BINDING-PROTEINS IN EXPERIMENTAL-TUMORS

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CANCER LETTERS 1976年第1期2卷 25-30页

作者： ONG, DE CHYTIL, F VANDERBILT UNIV SCH MEDDEPT BIOCHEMNASHVILLETN 37232 VANDERBILT UNIV SCH MEDDEPT MEDNASHVILLETN 37232

Cellular retinol and retinoic acid binding proteins were detected in mouse skin papillomas, human adenocarcinoma HAD-1, Dunning Leukemia, Walker 256 carcinosarcoma and mammary adenocarcinoma MAC-1. A chondrosarcoma and Sarcoma 180 apparently contain only the cellular retinoic acid binding protein. Neither protein could be detected in Ehrlich carcinoma and L1210 leukemia. The presence of these proteins might be necessary for sensitivity to retinoid therapy.

关键词：肿瘤实验性/分析肿瘤实验性/药物疗法视黄醇结合蛋白质类/分析维甲酸/代谢维甲酸/治疗应用维生素A/代谢维生素a/治疗应用动物人类

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Estimating treatment effects in randomized clinical trials in the presence of non-compliance

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STATISTICS IN MEDICINE 2000年第14期19卷 1849-1864页

作者： Nagelkerke, N Fidler, V Bernsen, R Borgdorff, M Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm NL-3720 BA Bilthoven Netherlands Erasmus Univ Dept Publ Hlth Rotterdam Netherlands Univ Manitoba Dept Med Microbiol Winnipeg MB Canada Royal Netherlands TB Assoc The Hague Netherlands Univ Groningen Dept Med Stat Groningen Netherlands Erasmus Univ Dept Gen Practice Rotterdam Netherlands

In clinical trials where patients are randomized between two treatment arms, not all patients comply with the treatment they were randomly assigned to. The reasons for (non)compliance may be associated with the outcome variable and thereby act as confounders. The standard way of analysing such trials is by the 'intention-to-treat' principle, which allows the use of permutation tests. Conclusions drawn from such tests do not depend on untested assumptions such as absence of confounding. However, this approach may yield biased estimators for the causal effects of treatments. We consider the estimation of such effects for clinical trials where non-compliers can be considered to have switched to the other trial arm. The most important example of this is the placebo-controlled clinical trial where no substantial placebo effects are anticipated. We consider the situation where the relationship between compliance, and thus treatment received, and outcome is influenced by unobserved confounders. The residual of the regression of the actual treatment indicator variable on the randomization arm indicator variable is shown to 'intercept' the effect of such confounders. Inclusion of this residual in a multivariate analysis, in conjunction with the treatment indicator variable, should thus adjust for confounding. Examples are given. In those examples, the results are similar to those obtained by more complex methods. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词：抗胆固醇血症药/治疗应用氯贝丁酯/治疗应用计算机模拟混杂因素(流行病学) 线性模型模型统计学安慰剂随机对照试验(主题)/方法随机对照试验(主题)/统计学和数值数据回归分析存活率分析患者拒绝治疗维生素a/治疗应用人类

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The effects of combined conventional treatment, oral antioxidants and essential fatty acids on sperm biology in subfertile men

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PROSTAGLANDINS LEUKOTRIENES AND ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS 2000年第3期63卷 159-165页

作者： Comhaire, FH Christophe, AB Zalata, AA Dhooge, WS Mahmoud, AMA Depuydt, CE State Univ Ghent Hosp Dept Internal Med Endocrinol Sect B-9000 Ghent Belgium Mansoura Univ Fac Med Dept Biochem Mansoura Egypt Assiut Univ Hosp Dept Dermatol & Androl Assiut Egypt

We evaluated the effects of combined conventional treatment, oral antioxidants (N-acetyl-cysteine or vitamins A plus E) and essential fatty acids (FA) on sperm biology in an open prospective study including 27 infertile men. The evaluation included sperm characteristics, seminal reactive oxygen species (ROS), FA of sperm membrane phospholipids, sperm oxidized DNA (8-OH-dG), and induced acrosome reaction (AR). Treatment did not improve sperm motility and morphology, nor decrease the concentration of round cells and white blood cells in semen. Sperm concentration increased in oligozoospermic men (7.4 +/- 1.3 to 12.5 +/- 1.9 million/ml). Treatment significantily reduced ROS (mean +/- SEM) (775.3 +/- 372.2 to 150.3 +/- 105.2 x 10(3) counts/10 second) and 8-OH-dG (45.3 +/- 10.4 to 16.8 +/- 3.3 fmol/mug DNA). Treatment increased the AR (551 +/- 2.2 to 71.6 +/- 2.2 %), the proportion of polyunsaturated FA of the phospholipids, and sperm membrane fluidity. The overall pregnancy rate was 4.5% in 134 months. The per month pregnancy rate tended to be higher in partners of (ex)smokers (7.15%, n = 14, 70 months) than in never-smokers (1.6%, n = 13, 64 months) (OR:4.57, 95% Cl:0.55-38.1). (C) 2000 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.

关键词：乙酰半胱氨酸/投药和剂量乙酰半胱氨酸/治疗应用顶体反应抗氧化剂/投药和剂量抗氧化剂/治疗应用细胞膜/代谢 DNA/代谢脂肪酸类必需/治疗应用脂肪酸类不饱和/代谢自由基清除剂/投药和剂量自由基清除剂/治疗应用不育男(雄)性/治疗磷脂类/代谢试点项目妊娠率前瞻性研究活性氧吸烟精子计数精子/药物作用时间因素维生素A/投药和剂量维生素a/治疗应用维生素E/投药和剂量维生素E/治疗应用成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性妊娠

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Prevention of lung cancer

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CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ONCOLOGY HEMATOLOGY 2000年第3期33卷 187-197页

作者： Goodman, GE Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr Seattle WA 98109 USA Swedish Med Ctr Tumor Inst Seattle WA 98104 USA

Lung cancer is the major cause of death in industrialized western societies. Its link to tobacco abuse is well established and efforts should be made to eliminate this potent environmental carcinogen. The concept of chemoprevention, the use of agents to inhibit and reverse lung cancer carcinogenesis, has great appeal. The CARET study, conducted in 18 000 high-risk smokers in the US, found that a combination of beta-carotene and retinyl palmitate resulted in a 28% increase in the incidence of lung cancer. A similar study conducted in Finland, the ATBC trial utilizing alpha tocopherol and beta-carotene, had similar findings for the group taking beta-carotene. These two trials have caused a rethinking of the use of natural compounds as chemoprevention agents. These agents should no longer be regarded as harmless, but as having potential toxicities. A new approach in the chemoprevention of cancer has been the concept of surrogate endpoints, biological changes that are on the pathway to cancer. Trials are underway to determine what are appropriate surrogate endpoints for lung cancer chemoprevention trials. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词：腺癌/流行病学腺癌/遗传学抗致癌药/治疗应用类胡萝卜素类/治疗应用染色体人 3对/遗传学辅致癌作用细胞色素P450CYP1A1/遗传学类黄酮物质/治疗应用疾病遗传易感性谷胱甘肽转移酶/遗传学发病率肺肿瘤/流行病学肺肿瘤/病因学肺肿瘤/预防和控制代谢解毒药物/遗传学多态现象遗传癌前状态/诊断癌前状态/病理学癌前状态/预防和控制维生素A酸类/治疗应用危险因素硒/治疗应用吸烟/流行病学吸烟/预防和控制痕量元素/治疗应用治疗结果维生素A/类似物和衍生物维生素a/治疗应用维生素E/治疗应用 β胡萝卜素/治疗应用青少年成年人老年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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Unprecedented decline in measles morbidity and mortality in Calabar, south-eastern Nigeria

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TROPICAL DOCTOR 2000年第4期30卷 207-209页

作者： Ekanem, EE Ochigbo, SO Kwagtsule, JU Univ Calabar Coll Med Sci Dept Paediat Calabar Nigeria

The features of measles presenting at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, in south-eastern Nigeria between January 1992 to December 1996, were compared with those of a previous period (January 1984 to December 1987) in the same institution. The aim was to detect any changes in trends, morbidity and mortality from the infection in this environment. There were only 36 cases (7.2 per year) in the current period compared with 436 (109 per year) in the previous period (chi(2)=48.4, P < 0.0 01). There were also highly significant falls in the incidence of malnutrition and bronchopneumonia (P < 0.05) in the current period. Notably, there were no cases of dehydration or keratomalacia in the current period. The case fatality rate was 2.8% compared with 20.0% in the previous period (P < 0.02). These unprecedented changes in the incidence, morbidity and mortality from measles are attributed to the continuing Expanded Programme on Immunization, oral rehydration therapy, appropriate nutritional management and Vitamin A prophylaxis. With maintenance and strengthening of these strategies, the elimination of measles and measles deaths in the near future is feasible in this environment.

关键词：年龄分布儿童福利/统计学和数值数据补液疗法医院教学免疫接种程序表发病率麻疹/死亡率麻疹/预防和控制病案年患病率尼日利亚/流行病学回顾性研究维生素a/治疗应用儿童儿童学龄前女(雌)性人类婴儿男(雄)性

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Is autism a G-alpha protein defect reversible with natural vitamin A?

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MEDICAL HYPOTHESES 2000年第6期54卷 979-983页

作者： Megson, MN Virginia Commonwealth Univ Med Coll Virginia Hosp Pediat & Adolescent Abil Ctr Richmond VA 23226 USA

Autism may be a disorder linked to the disruption of the G-alpha protein, affecting retinoid receptors in the brain. A study of 60 autistic children suggests that autism may be caused by inserting a G-alpha protein defect, the pertussis toxin found in the DPT vaccine, into genetically at-risk children. This toxin separates the G-alpha protein from retinoid receptors. Those most at risk report a family history of at least one parent with a pre-existing G-alpha protein defect, including night blindness, pseudohypoparathyroidism or adenoma of the thyroid or pituitary gland. Natural vitamin A may reconnect the retinoid receptors critical for vision, sensory perception, language processing and attention. Autism spectrum disorders have increased from 1 in 10 000 in 1978 to 1 in 300 in some US communities in 1999. Recent evidence indicates that autism is a disorder of the nervous system and the immune system, affecting multiple metabolic pathways. (C) 2000 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.

关键词：孤独性障碍/药物疗法孤独性障碍/遗传学胆碱/治疗应用 GTP结合蛋白质类/遗传学受体维甲酸/拮抗剂和抑制剂维生素a/治疗应用儿童人类

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Chemoprevention of lung cancer is proving difficult and frustrating, requiring new approaches

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JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE 2000年第12期92卷 959-960页

作者： Omenn, GS Univ Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

The long-awaited results from EUROSCAN (i.e., the European Study on Chemoprevention With Vitamin A and N-Acetylcysteine), the randomized two-by-two factorial trial of vitamin A (retinyl palmitate) and N-acetylcysteine in patients with treated cancers of the lung or head and neck, show no benefit from either agent alone or from the combination. Among 2592 participants who received maximal tolerable doses for 2 years with a mean follow-up of 49 months, 916 experienced recurrence, second primary tumor, or death. The findings were analyzed exhaustively (1). Hypothesis-driven chemoprevention of lung cancers, when put to the test of randomized large-scale clinical trials, so far has been disappointing, unlike important successes with selective estrogen receptor modulators for breast cancer and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors for familial colonic polyps. Once the carcinogenic processes have been initiated, prevention of cancers is much more difficult than one would like. The most reliable methods of reducing the incidence of cancers depend on avoidance of known carcinogenic agents, including UV radiation, tobacco, alcohol, various infectious agents, medical exposures to certain pharmaceuticals and hormones, ionizing radiation, and environmental and occupational exposures to a moderately long list of chemicals (2). Working groups of the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI) have emphasized the importance of developing a solid scientific basis from mechanistic studies in vitro and in vivo to guide selection of potential chemopreventive agents and justify their use in phase I, II, and III trials. Priority should be given to population subgroups with particular host or environmental risk factors, including demonstrable genetic susceptibility to specific cancers, persons with precancerous lesions, and cancer patients at risk for second primary tumors. Clinically validated intermediate end points would be very useful; the aim is a reduction in

关键词：乙酰半胱氨酸/治疗应用抗致癌药/治疗应用葡糖醛酸甙类/代谢谷胱甘肽/代谢肺肿瘤/化学诱导肺肿瘤/代谢肺肿瘤/预防和控制维生素A/类似物和衍生物维生素a/治疗应用人类

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