“说到头”由言说动词“说”和“到头”组合而成,在言语交际中,逐渐由表示实在意义的述补结构虚化为具有程序意义的典型的话语标记。作为话语标记,主要位于句首和句子之间,能够衔接前后话语,提高听话人的关注度,表达说话人的情感和态度,同时使得篇章结构更加紧凑,提高语言表达的连贯性和逻辑性。其形成原因包括主观性与主观化、隐喻的参与以及经济性原则,其演变过程揭示了语言演变的主观性与经济性。“Shuodaotou” is a combination of the verbal verbs “Shuo” and “Daotou”. In the process of modern Chinese language communication, it gradually becomes a typical discourse marker with procedural significance, rather than a predicate complement structure that expresses real meaning. As a discourse marker, it is mainly located between the beginning of the sentence and the sentence, which can connect the words before and after, improve the attention of the listener, express the speaker’s emotions and attitudes, and make the text structure more compact, and improve the coherence and logic of language expression. The reasons for its formation include subjectivity and subjectivization, the participation of metaphors, and the principle of economy, and its evolution reveals the subjectivity and economy of language evolution.
陆方喆先生将反预期标记的性质和形成机制分为:语气类、疑问类、否定类、转折类。本文主要聚焦于语气副词“难道”,研究它的反预期信息以及语用功能。根据语料分析本文得出:语气副词“难道”具有话语标记的特征,可以表反预期信息,是一种反预期话语的标记。在语用层面上,“难道”具备交际互动功能和情感表达功能,既可以传递信息,又可以表达主观情感。Mr. Lu Fangzhe divided the nature and formation mechanism of counter-expectation marks into mood, question, negation and transition. This paper focuses on the modal adverb “Nandao” and studies its counter-expectation information and pragmatic function. According to the analysis of the corpus, this paper concludes that the modal adverb “Nandao” has the characteristics of discourse marker, can represent the counter-expectation information, and is a kind of mark of counter-expectation discourse. At the pragmatic level, “Nandao” has communicative interaction function and emotional expression function, which can not only convey information, but also express subjective emotion.
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