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Multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in poultry

JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION 2000年第2期63卷 155-161页

作者： Rajashekara, G Haverly, E Halvorson, DA Ferris, KE Lauer, DC Nagaraja, KV Univ Minnesota Coll Vet Med Dept Vet Pathobiol St Paul MN 55108 USA USDA APHIS VS Natl Vet Serv Labs Ames IA 50010 USA Board Anim Hlth Minnesota Poultry Testing Lab Willmar MN USA

Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from feed ingredients or poultry sources isolated during 1995 to 1997 from different geographical locations within Minnesota were examined for the presence of Salmonella Typhimurium definitive type 104 (DT104). Antibiotic susceptibility studies indicated that 15 of 50 isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium had an antibiotic resistance pattern (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline) that is usually observed with multi-drug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104. Of the 15 isolates showing the antibiotic resistance pattern, 8 isolates were phage type 104, 3 isolates were typed as phage type 104 complex, and the remaining 4 isolates belonged to phage types 193, 81, and 126, DT104 was recovered from both feed ingredients and poultry samples. Of the seven feed ingredient-associated Salmonella Typhimurium isolates, four were DT104, whereas only 7 of 43 poultry-associated Salmonella Typhimurium isolates were DT104. A repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) of 50 isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium representing 13 phage types identified seven distinct fingerprint profiles. No correlation between phage type and rep-PCR type was noticed. Eleven Salmonella Typhimurium isolates belonging to DT104 and its complex were grouped into two closely related rep-PCR types.

关键词：抗菌药/药理学细菌噬菌体分型抗药性微生物抗药性多药家禽/微生物学鼠伤寒沙门菌/药物作用鼠伤寒沙门菌/分离和提纯动物

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Comparison of methods for the recovery and detection of low levels of injured Salmonella in ice cream and milk powder

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LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2000年第4期30卷 320-324页

作者： Baylis, CL MacPhee, S Betts, RP Campden & Chorleywood Food Res Assoc Chipping Campden GL55 6LD Glos England

This study compared the ability of four rapid methods and a standard cultural method to detect low levels of heat-injured cells of Salmonella typhimurium in ice cream and skimmed milk powder. The detection of Salmonella in samples contaminated with low levels (< 10 cfu 25 g(-1)) was significantly greater with the novel broth method than with the other methods (P less than or equal to 0.01). At contamination levels > 10 cfu 25 g(-1), there was no significant difference between the methods except for the novel broth method and a dipstick-based immunoassay (P less than or equal to 0.05). The novel broth method, S.P.R.I.N.T. Salmonella, which incorporates a specifically formulated peptone and Oxyrase(R) combination followed by the timed release of selective agents into the recovery medium, was shown to improve the rate of detection of low numbers of injured cells of Salmonella after 24 h enrichment.

关键词：细菌学技术集落计数微生物培养基乳制品/微生物学酶联免疫吸附测定乳/微生物学聚合酶链反应鼠伤寒沙门菌/生长和发育鼠伤寒沙门菌/分离和提纯动物

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Inhibition of Salmonella on poultry skin using protein- and polysaccharide-based films containing a nisin formulation

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JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION 2000年第9期63卷 1268-1272页

作者： Natrajan, N Sheldon, BW N Carolina State Univ Dept Food Sci Raleigh NC 27695 USA

The objective of this study was to examine the use of protein- and polysaccharide-based films containing bacteriocin formulations for inhibiting salmonellae on fresh broiler skin. The lethality of the films containing a nisin-based formulation was determined against Salmonella Typhimurium-contaminated broiler drumstick skin samples coated with the film. In the first study, varying concentrations of nisin (0, 100, 300, and 500 mu g/ml) plus 3% citric acid, 5.0 mM EDTA, and 0.5% Tween 80 were incorporated into 0.5% calcium alginate films at a 20% level (wt/wt) and then applied to Salmonella Typhimurium(NAr)- contaminated skin samples (log(10) 5.0) at a 1:2 weight ratio (film:skin). Salmonella Typhimurium(NAr) skin population reductions ranged from 1.98 to 3.01 log cycles after a 72-h exposure at 4 degrees C. In comparison to the 0- and 100-mu g/ml nisin concentrations, significantly greater population reductions were achieved at nisin concentrations of 300 and 500 mu g/ml. In related studies, the 500-mu g/ml nisin formulation was incorporated into 0.75 and 1.25% agar gels and applied to contaminated broiler drumstick skin samples (log(10) 7.0). Salmonella Typhimurium(NAr) skin population reductions following a 96-h exposure at 4 degrees C were 1.8(1.25% agar gel) and 4.6-log cycles (0.75% agar gel). These results demonstrated that the inclusion of nisin-based treatments into either calcium alginate or agar gels that were subsequently applied to contaminated broiler drumstick skin yielded significant Salmonella Typhimurium(NAr) population reductions ranging between 1.8 to 4.6 log cycles after 72 to 96 h of exposure at 4 degrees C. The level of kill was affected by film type and gel concentration (i.e., gel network formation), exposure time, and nisin concentration.

关键词：琼脂藻酸盐抗菌药/药理学鸡/微生物学集落计数微生物/方法食品微生物学食品包装/标准葡糖醛酸己糖醛酸类乳链球菌素/药理学鼠伤寒沙门菌/药物作用鼠伤寒沙门菌/生长和发育鼠伤寒沙门菌/分离和提纯皮肤/微生物学时间因素动物

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Effects of antibiotic regimens on the fecal shedding patterns of pigs infected with Salmonella typhimurium

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JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION 2000年第6期63卷 709-714页

作者： Ebner, PD Mathew, AG Univ Tennessee Inst Agr Dept Anim Sci Knoxville TN 37996 USA

An experiment was conducted to determine (i) the effects of antibiotic regimens on the shedding patterns of pigs infected with Salmonella Typhimurium and (ii) whether antibiotic resistance increases the incidence of pathogen shedding. The experiment involved 48 50-day-old pigs challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium and receiving one of four antibiotic regimens including (i) intramuscular injection of ceftiofur sodium followed by inclusion of oxytetracycline in the feed;(ii) apramycin in the feed for 14 days followed by oxytetracycline;(iii) carbadox in the feed until pigs reached 35 kg followed by oxytetracycline;(iv) no antibiotics (control). Fecal samples were collected preinoculation, 2 and 4 days postinoculation (DPI) and at weekly and biweekly intervals thereafter to determine shedding patterns. Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from 2, 4, 7, 21, 42, and 70 DPI were analyzed for antibiotic resistance. A time effect (P < 0.05) was observed, indicating that the proportion of isolates resistant to at least one antibiotic varied over time. Overall resistance was determined to be 46% at 2 DPI and increased significantly (P <.05) thereafter. Treatment x time and antibiotic x time interactions were also observed (P < 0.05) as the percentage of isolates resistant to each test antibiotic increased over time. In no case did the development of antibiotic resistance result in an increased incidence of shedding of the original inoculate. The incidence of shedding was reduced in pigs receiving the apramycin-oxytetracycline treatment, when compared to control pigs;however, no differences were observed between antibiotic treatments.

关键词：抗菌药/治疗应用药物疗法联合粪便/微生物学尼拉霉素/投药和剂量尼拉霉素/类似物和衍生物尼拉霉素/治疗应用土霉素/投药和剂量土霉素/治疗应用沙门菌感染动物/药物疗法鼠伤寒沙门菌/分离和提纯猪猪疾病/药物疗法猪疾病/微生物学时间因素动物女(雌)性男(雄)性

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Rapid detection of Salmonella typhimurium in chicken carcass wash water using an immunoelectrochemical method

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JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION 2000年第8期63卷 1043-1048页

作者： Che, YH Li, YB Slavik, M Paul, D Univ Arkansas Dept Biol & Agr Engn Fayetteville AR 72701 USA Univ Arkansas Dept Poultry Sci Fayetteville AR 72701 USA Univ Arkansas Dept Chem & Biochem Fayetteville AR 72701 USA

An immunoelectrochemical method coupled with immunomagnetic separation was developed for rapid detection of Salmonella Typhimurium in chicken carcass wash water. Samples of chicken carcass wash water were inoculated with Salmonella Typhimurium at different cell numbers. Possible nonspecified inhibitors in the wash water were minimized by filtration and centrifugation. An approximately 9.4% toss of Salmonella cells was found after filtration (P < 0.01). The samples were mixed with anti-Salmonella-coated magnetic beads (ASCMB) and alkaline phosphatase-labeled anti-Salmonella (APLAS) to form ASCMB-Salmonella-APLAS conjugates. The conjugates were separated from the solution using a magnetic separator and then incubated with phenylphosphate substrate to produce phenol. The number of Salmonella was determined by measuring the phenol concentration using an amperometric tyrosinase carbon paste electrode in a flow injection analysis system. Under optimized parameters (1 mM MgCl2, 0.2 mu g/ml APLAS, and 1 mM phenylphosphate in pH 7.0 Tris buffer solution), Salmonella Typhimurium in chicken carcass wash water could be identified and enumerated within 2.5 h with a detection limit of 5 x 10(3) CFU/ml. A linear relationship on a log-log scale was found between Salmonella cell number and the peak current ratio for Salmonella concentrations ranging from 10(3) to 10(7) CFU/ml (R-2 = 0.963). The peak currents of multibacteria samples, containing Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, and Campylobacter jejuni, were not significantly different from Salmonella-only samples (P > 0.01).

关键词：生物传感技术鸡电化学/方法免疫酶技术/方法免疫磁化分离/方法线性模型鼠伤寒沙门菌/生长和发育鼠伤寒沙门菌/分离和提纯敏感性与特异性水微生物学动物

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Apparent loss of enrofloxacin resistance in bovine Salmonella typhimurium strains isolated in Belgium, 1991 to 1998

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VETERINARY RECORD 2000年第3期147卷 76-77页

作者： Imberechts, H D'Hooghe, I Bouchet, H Godard, C Pohl, P Vet & Agrochem Res Ctr B-1180 Brussels Belgium Sci Inst Publ Hlth Louis Pasteur Natl Phage Typing Ctr B-1180 Brussels Belgium

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Evaluation of TaqMan PCR assay for detecting Salmonella in raw meat and shrimp

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JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION 1999年第4期62卷 329-335页

作者： Kimura, B Kawasaki, S Fujii, T Kusunoki, J Itoh, T Flood, SJA Tokyo Univ Fisheries Dept Food Sci & Technol Minato Ku Tokyo 1088477 Japan Tokyo Metropolitan Res Lab Publ Hlth Shinjuku Ku Tokyo 1690073 Japan PE Appl Biosyst Foster City CA USA

We evaluated the TaqMan Salmonella amplification/detection kit from PE Applied Biosystems, which uses a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for rapid detection of Salmonella in food samples. This system uses the 5' nuclease activity of Tag DNA polymerase, which digests an internal fluorogenic probe to monitor the amplification of the target gene. The system's sensitivity and specificity were evaluated using 42 serotypes of 68 Salmonella strains isolated from fecal samples from patients in Tokyo, Japan, and 39 non-Salmonella strains in 22 genera. There were no false-negative or false-positive results. This PCR assay can detect 3 CFU per PCR tube of Salmonella in pure culture (120 CFU/ml of TSB culture). PCR signals were attenuated with artificially contaminated shrimp, but a similar detection limit was obtained. TaqMan's performance was tested with 100 meat and chicken samples purchased from stores in Tokyo. Overall, two of the DNA extraction protocols (the Chelex and EnviroAmp methods) worked equally well, with some exceptions. Of the 100 samples analyzed, 10 were positive for Salmonella with both conventional culture methods and the kit and 89 were negative with both. One sample was negative by the culture method but positive by the kit assay. These results indicate that TaqMan is a reliable and rapid method for Salmonella analysis in the food industry. With this system, food samples can be analyzed for Salmonella in less than 20 h.

关键词：培养基 DNA 细菌/分离和提纯十足目(甲壳纲)/微生物学评价研究(主题) 粪便/微生物学食品微生物学肉/微生物学聚合酶链反应/方法沙门菌属/生长和发育沙门菌属/分离和提纯沙门菌感染/微生物学鼠伤寒沙门菌/分离和提纯敏感性与特异性血清分型 Taq聚合酶动物人类

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Development of a rapid response biosensor for detection of Salmonella typhimurium

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JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION 1999年第5期62卷 431-437页

作者： Seo, KH Brackett, RE Hartman, NF Campbell, DP Univ Georgia Ctr Food Safety & Qual Enhancement Expt Stn Griffin GA 30223 USA Georgia Inst Technol Environm & Mat Lab Atlanta GA 30087 USA

An integrated optic interferometer for detecting foodborne pathogens was developed. The interferometer is a planar waveguide with two thin antibody-coated channels of immunochemically selective agents that interact with antigen molecules. One channel is coated with antibody to Salmonella as a sample, and the other is coated with human immunoglobulin G as a reference channel by using reductive amination. Salmonella was introduced onto the sensing channels through the flow cell on the channels. Phase shift (pi) generated by refractive index variation, as determined by interfering the perturbed sample channel with an unperturbed reference channel and observing the fringe shift, was used for detection. Salmonella Typhimurium (heat-treated or boiled) was detected by binding to antibody against Salmonella common structural antigen immobilized on a silane-derived sensor surface at concentrations in the range of 1 x 10(5) to 1 x 10(7) CFU/ml. Salmonella (1 x 10(7) CFU/ml) mixed with Escherichia coli (1 x 10(7) CFU/ml) were readily detected without any decrease in sensitivity by the direct assay. Application of a sandwich assay with a second antibody or a gold-conjugated antibody increased the detection limit to 1 x 10(5) CFU/ml within a 10-min reaction time. Various methods for the immobilization of the capture antibody to the biosensor channels were compared. The greatest binding response was observed in a direct reductive amination method with a long reaction period and increased the detection limit of direct binding of Salmonella antigen to 1 x 10(4) CFU/ml. The biosensor was able to detect Salmonella Typhimurium in chicken carcass wash fluid originally inoculated at a level of 20 CFU/ml after 12 h of nonselective enrichment. The planar optic biosensor shows promise as a fast, sensitive, reliable, and economical means of detecting food pathogens in the future.

关键词：抗体细菌/免疫学抗原细菌/免疫学生物传感技术鸡/微生物学集落计数微生物食品微生物学胶体金鼠伤寒沙门菌/免疫学鼠伤寒沙门菌/分离和提纯动物人类

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Nalidixic acid resistance in salmonellae isolated from turkeys and other livestock in Great Britain

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VETERINARY RECORD 1999年第12期144卷 320-322页

作者： Davies, RH Teale, CJ Wray, C McLaren, IH Jones, YE Chappell, S Kidd, S MAFF Cent Vet Lab Vet Labs Weybridge KT15 3NB Surrey England

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Response surface models for effects of temperature and previous temperature on lag time and specific growth rate of Salmonella typhimurium on cooked ground chicken breast

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JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION 1999年第10期62卷 1111-1114页

作者： Oscar, TP Univ Maryland Eastern Shore Eastern Reg Res Ctr Agr Res Serv USDA Princess Anne MD 21853 USA

Response surface models were developed for effects of temperature (16 to 34 degrees C) and previous temperature (pretemperature;16 to 34 degrees C) on lag time (lambda) and specific growth rate (mu) of Salmonella Typhimurium on cooked ground chicken breast. The primary objective was to determine whether pretemperature is a major factor affecting growth of Salmonella Typhimurium. Growth curves for model development (n = 32) and model testing (n = 18) were fit to a two-phase linear equation that directly estimated lambda and mu. Response surface models for ln lambda and ln mu as a function of temperature and pretemperature were obtained by regression analysis. Lag time and mu of Salmonella Typhimurium were affected by temperature but not pretemperature, Models were tested against data not used in their development. Prediction error (model accuracy) was 13.4% for lambda and 11.3% for mu, whereas the median relative error of predictions (model bias) was -3.0% for lambda and 6.8% for mu. Results indicated that the models provide reliable predictions of lambda and mu of Salmonella Typhimurium on cooked ground chicken breast within the matrix of conditions modeled. In addition, pretemperature (16 to 34 degrees C) is not a major factor affecting growth of Salmonella Typhimurium.

关键词：鸡食品微生物学热温度肉/微生物学鼠伤寒沙门菌/生长和发育鼠伤寒沙门菌/分离和提纯时间因素动物

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