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Inhibition of Salmonella on poultry skin using protein- and polysaccharide-based films containing a nisin formulation

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JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION 2000年第9期63卷 1268-1272页

作者： Natrajan, N Sheldon, BW N Carolina State Univ Dept Food Sci Raleigh NC 27695 USA

The objective of this study was to examine the use of protein- and polysaccharide-based films containing bacteriocin formulations for inhibiting salmonellae on fresh broiler skin. The lethality of the films containing a nisin-based formulation was determined against Salmonella Typhimurium-contaminated broiler drumstick skin samples coated with the film. In the first study, varying concentrations of nisin (0, 100, 300, and 500 mu g/ml) plus 3% citric acid, 5.0 mM EDTA, and 0.5% Tween 80 were incorporated into 0.5% calcium alginate films at a 20% level (wt/wt) and then applied to Salmonella Typhimurium(NAr)- contaminated skin samples (log(10) 5.0) at a 1:2 weight ratio (film:skin). Salmonella Typhimurium(NAr) skin population reductions ranged from 1.98 to 3.01 log cycles after a 72-h exposure at 4 degrees C. In comparison to the 0- and 100-mu g/ml nisin concentrations, significantly greater population reductions were achieved at nisin concentrations of 300 and 500 mu g/ml. In related studies, the 500-mu g/ml nisin formulation was incorporated into 0.75 and 1.25% agar gels and applied to contaminated broiler drumstick skin samples (log(10) 7.0). Salmonella Typhimurium(NAr) skin population reductions following a 96-h exposure at 4 degrees C were 1.8(1.25% agar gel) and 4.6-log cycles (0.75% agar gel). These results demonstrated that the inclusion of nisin-based treatments into either calcium alginate or agar gels that were subsequently applied to contaminated broiler drumstick skin yielded significant Salmonella Typhimurium(NAr) population reductions ranging between 1.8 to 4.6 log cycles after 72 to 96 h of exposure at 4 degrees C. The level of kill was affected by film type and gel concentration (i.e., gel network formation), exposure time, and nisin concentration.

关键词：琼脂藻酸盐抗菌药/药理学鸡/微生物学集落计数微生物/方法食品微生物学食品包装/标准葡糖醛酸己糖醛酸类乳链球菌素/药理学鼠伤寒沙门菌/药物作用鼠伤寒沙门菌/生长和发育鼠伤寒沙门菌/分离和提纯皮肤/微生物学时间因素动物

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Epidemic Salmonella typhimurium DT 104 -: a truly international multiresistant clone

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JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY 2000年第1期46卷 7-10页

作者： Threlfall, EJ Cent Publ Hlth Lab Lab Enter Pathogens London NW9 5HT England

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Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella dublin isolated from cattle in Japan

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VETERINARY RECORD 2000年第2期147卷 48-50页

作者： Yoshimura, H Endoh, YS Ishimaru, M Takagi, M Minist Agr Forestry & Fisheries Natl Vet Assay Lab Kokubunji Tokyo 1858511 Japan

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Genotoxicity testing of cooked cured meat pigment (CCMP) and meat emulsion coagulates prepared with CCMP

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JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION 2000年第7期63卷 945-952页

作者： Stevanovic, M Cadez, P Zlender, B Filipic, M Univ Ljubljana Biotech Fac Dept Food Sci & Technol Ljubljana 1111 Slovenia Natl Inst Biol Ljubljana 1111 Slovenia

The preformed cooked cured meat pigment (CCMP) synthesized directly from bovine red blood cells or through a hemin intermediate was found to be a viable colorant for application to comminuted pork as a nitrite substitute. However the genotoxicity of CCMP and meat emulsion coagulates prepared with CCMP has not been evaluated. Therefore the objectives of this work were to investigate genotoxicity of CCMP and the influence of CCMP addition on genotoxicity and the content of residual nitrite in model meat emulsion coagulates. Meat emulsions were prepared from white (musculus longissimus dorsi) and red (musculus quadriceps femoris) pork muscles with two different amounts of synthesized pigment CCMP. Comparatively, emulsions with fixed addition of nitrite salt and emulsions without any addition for color development were made. Genotoxicity of CCMP and meat emulsion coagulates was tested with the SOS/umu test and the Ames test. Neither CCMP nor meat emulsion coagulates prepared with CCMP or nitrite salt were genotoxic in the SOS/umu test. In the Ames test using Salmonella Typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 samples of coagulates prepared with CCMP and with nitrite showed weak mutagenic activity in Salmonella Typhimurium strain TA100 but only in the absence of the metabolic activation, while CCMP was not mutagenic. Coagulates prepared with CCMP contained significantly less residual nitrite than coagulates prepared with nitrite salt. These results indicate that from the human health standpoint the substitution of nitrite salt with CCMP would be highly recommendable.

关键词：乳状剂食品添加剂/毒性食品防腐剂/毒性肉/分析肉/毒性肉制品/分析肉制品/毒性诱变力试验色素类生物学/化学色素类生物学/毒性鼠伤寒沙门菌/药物作用鼠伤寒沙门菌/遗传学亚硝酸钠/毒性动物牛人类

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In vitro inhibition of carcinogen-induced mutagenicity by Cassia occidentalis and Emblica officinalis

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DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY 2000年第3期23卷 477-484页

作者： Sharma, N Trikha, P Athar, M Raisuddin, S Jamia Hamdard Hamdard Univ Dept Med Elementol & Toxicol New Delhi 110062 India

Aqueous extracts of Cassia occidentalis Linn. (Leguminoceae) and Emblica officinalis Gaertn. (Euphorbiaceae) were screened for effectiveness in inhibiting mutagenicity of aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) in the Ames test. Antimutagenicity was evaluated using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98 and TA 100. In the assay, metabolic activation of AFB(1) (0.5 mu g/plate) and B[a]P (1 mu g/plate) was mediated by rat liver S9 preparation. Although both plants inhibited mutagenicity, E. officinalis had more inhibitory effect than C. occidentalis. Their action is possibly mediated through interactions with microsomal activating enzymes. Their inhibitory action on chromosomal aberrations together with present results suggest that these plants have potent antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activities against mutagens requiring metabolic activation.

关键词：黄曲霉毒素B1/代谢黄曲霉毒素B1/毒性抗诱变药/药理学苯并芘/代谢苯并芘/毒性致癌物/代谢致癌物/毒性山扁豆属大戟科微粒体肝/药物作用微粒体肝/代谢诱变力试验诱变剂/代谢诱变剂/毒性植物提取物/药理学植物药用鼠伤寒沙门菌/药物作用鼠伤寒沙门菌/遗传学

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Apparent loss of enrofloxacin resistance in bovine Salmonella typhimurium strains isolated in Belgium, 1991 to 1998

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VETERINARY RECORD 2000年第3期147卷 76-77页

作者： Imberechts, H D'Hooghe, I Bouchet, H Godard, C Pohl, P Vet & Agrochem Res Ctr B-1180 Brussels Belgium Sci Inst Publ Hlth Louis Pasteur Natl Phage Typing Ctr B-1180 Brussels Belgium

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Bactericidal effect of sodium chlorate on Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium DT104 in rumen contents in vitro

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JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION 2000年第8期63卷 1038-1042页

作者： Anderson, RC Buckley, SA Kubena, LF Stanker, LH Harvey, RB Nisbet, DJ USDA Agr Res Serv So Plains Agr Res Ctr Food & Feed Res Unit College Stn TX 77845 USA

Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 are important foodborne pathogens affecting the beef and dairy industries and strategies are sought to rid these organisms from cattle at slaughter Both pathogens possess respiratory nitrate reductase that also reduces chlorate to the lethal chlorite ion. Because most anaerobes lack respiratory nitrate reductase, we hypothesized that chlorate may selectively kill E. coli O157:1-17 and Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 but not potentially beneficial anaerobes. In support of this hypothesis, we found that concentrations of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 were reduced from approximately 1,000,000 colony forming units (CFU) to below our level of detection (less than or equal to 10 CFU) following in vitro incubation (24 h) in buffered ruminal contents (pH 6.8) containing 5 mM added chlorate. In contrast, chlorate had little effect on the most probable number (mean +/- SD) of total culturable anaerobes (ranging from 9.9 +/- 0.72 to 10.7 +/- 0.01 log(10) cells/ml). Thus, chlorate was bactericidal to E, coli O157:1-17 and Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 but not to potentially beneficial bacteria. The bactericidal effect of chlorate was concentration dependent (less at 1.25 mM) and markedly affected by pH (more bactericidal at pH 6.8 than pH 5.6).

关键词：氯酸盐类/药理学剂量效应关系药物大肠杆菌O157/药物作用大肠杆菌O157/生长和发育氢离子浓度硝酸还原酶硝酸盐还原酶类/代谢瘤胃/微生物学鼠伤寒沙门菌/药物作用鼠伤寒沙门菌/生长和发育动物牛

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Antimicrobial activity of cetylpyridinium chloride washes against pathogenic bacteria on beef surfaces

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JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION 2000年第5期63卷 593-600页

作者： Cutter, CN Dorsa, WJ Handie, A Rodriguez-Morales, S Zhou, X Breen, PJ Compadre, CM USDA ARS Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr Clay Ctr NE 68933 USA Univ Arkansas Med Sci Food Safety Grp Little Rock AR 72205 USA

Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), a water-soluble, neutral pH, colorless compound, is widely used in oral hygiene products to inhibit bacteria responsible for plaque. Previously, researchers have demonstrated that CPC not only reduces Salmonella Typhimurium on poultry but also prevents cross-contamination. To determine the effectiveness of CPC against pathogens associated with lean and adipose beef surfaces, several spray-washing experiments (862 kPa, 15 s, 35 degrees C) with 1% (wt/vol) CPC were conducted. On lean beef surfaces, CPC immediately reduced 5 to 6 log(10) CFU/cm(2) of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium to virtually undetectable levels (0 log(10) CFU/cm(2)), as well as after 35 days of refrigerated (4 degrees C), vacuum-packaged storage. On adipose beef surfaces, 5 log(10) CFU/cm(2) Salmonella Typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7 were reduced immediately (>2.5 log(10) CFU/cm(2)) with 1% CPC;by day 35 the reduction was <1.3 log(10) CFU/cm(2). Further plate overlay analyses indicated that the effectiveness of CPC against pathogens on adipose surfaces was not hampered by the presence of meat components or fatty acids. Additional chemical and microbiological analyses of 1% CPC-treated beef surfaces subjected to a secondary water wash (following contact times of 0, 5, 10, 15, or 30 min) or grinding did reduce pathogenic bacteria and CPC levels. However, residual CPC levels following any of the treatments were considered excessive for human consumption. Despite the residual levels, this study is the first to demonstrate the effect of CPC on pathogenic bacteria associated with beef surfaces immediately after treatment and also after long-term, refrigerated, vacuum-packaged storage.

关键词：西吡铵/药理学大肠杆菌O157/药物作用食品微生物学食品保存/方法肉制品/微生物学鼠伤寒沙门菌/药物作用动物牛

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Multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in poultry

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JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION 2000年第2期63卷 155-161页

作者： Rajashekara, G Haverly, E Halvorson, DA Ferris, KE Lauer, DC Nagaraja, KV Univ Minnesota Coll Vet Med Dept Vet Pathobiol St Paul MN 55108 USA USDA APHIS VS Natl Vet Serv Labs Ames IA 50010 USA Board Anim Hlth Minnesota Poultry Testing Lab Willmar MN USA

Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from feed ingredients or poultry sources isolated during 1995 to 1997 from different geographical locations within Minnesota were examined for the presence of Salmonella Typhimurium definitive type 104 (DT104). Antibiotic susceptibility studies indicated that 15 of 50 isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium had an antibiotic resistance pattern (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline) that is usually observed with multi-drug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104. Of the 15 isolates showing the antibiotic resistance pattern, 8 isolates were phage type 104, 3 isolates were typed as phage type 104 complex, and the remaining 4 isolates belonged to phage types 193, 81, and 126, DT104 was recovered from both feed ingredients and poultry samples. Of the seven feed ingredient-associated Salmonella Typhimurium isolates, four were DT104, whereas only 7 of 43 poultry-associated Salmonella Typhimurium isolates were DT104. A repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) of 50 isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium representing 13 phage types identified seven distinct fingerprint profiles. No correlation between phage type and rep-PCR type was noticed. Eleven Salmonella Typhimurium isolates belonging to DT104 and its complex were grouped into two closely related rep-PCR types.

关键词：抗菌药/药理学细菌噬菌体分型抗药性微生物抗药性多药家禽/微生物学鼠伤寒沙门菌/药物作用鼠伤寒沙门菌/分离和提纯动物

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A reactive metabolite of furan, cis-2-butene-1,4-dial, is mutagenic in the ames assay

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CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY 2000年第7期13卷 531-534页

作者： Peterson, LA Naruko, KC Predecki, DP Univ Minnesota Div Environm & Occupat Hlth Minneapolis MN 55455 USA Univ Minnesota Ctr Canc Minneapolis MN 55455 USA

Furan is classified as a nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogen. It is thought to be activated to a toxic metabolite, cis-2-butene-1,4-dial, which is acutely toxic to liver cells. The resulting cytotoxicity is followed by compensatory cell proliferation, increasing the likelihood of tumor production. We examined the genotoxic activity of cis-2-butene-1,4-dial in several strains of Salmonella typhimurium commonly used in the Ames assay. This reactive compound tested positive in TA104, a strain that is sensitive to aldehydes. Mutagenic activity was concentration-dependent (1000 +/- 180 revertants/mu mol). Incubation of cis-2-butene-1,4-dial with glutathione prior to addition of bacteria inhibited both the acute toxic and genotoxic activity of this compound. No evidence of mutagenic activity was seen at nontoxic concentrations in TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA102. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that cis-2-butene-1,4-dial reacts with DNA to form mutagenic adducts. Our data suggest that cis-2-butene-1,4-dial may be an important genotoxic as well as toxic intermediate in furan-induced tumorigenesis.

关键词：醛类/毒性剂量效应关系药物呋喃类/代谢谷胱甘肽/药理学诱变力试验/方法诱变剂/毒性突变/药物作用鼠伤寒沙门菌/药物作用鼠伤寒沙门菌/遗传学

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