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Quantification method for extrapolation errors of constitutive models and a demonstration on c/Sic composite

cOMPOSITE STRUcTURES 2021年 273卷 114286-114286页

作者： Wang, Pengyuan Yang, Qiang Gao, Bo Yi, Fajun Meng, Songhe Harbin Inst Technol Natl Key Lab Sci & Technol Natl Def Adv Composite Harbin 150001 Heilongjiang Peoples R China Harbin Inst Technol Postdoctoral Res Ctr Mat Sci & Engn Harbin 150001 Heilongjiang Peoples R China

Phenomenological constitutive models are always used in structural analysis due to its simplicity in modeling and implementation. However, these models are always fitted from limited experimental curves, leading to errors and insufficient confidence in analysis results. Previous constitutive model error quantification methods rely on a-posteriori experimental observations. In this paper, a priori error quantification method for extrapolation errors of constitutive models is established. Gaussian Process models are fitted with stress states as inputs and strains as outputs. Prediction variations of the GP model are used as the error indicator. The method naturally leads to zero error at known load cases and larger error at load cases away from existing experimental data. It can be integrated with FEM analysis easily and provide error visualization capabilities along with stress fields. Stress states at large error areas provide directions for further experiments and constitutive refinement. The method is demonstrated on the constitutive model and FEM analysis of a c/Sic frame and showed good validity.

关键词： constitutive law c Sic composite Model extrapolation Model errors

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Soluble salt assisted synthesis of hierarchical porous carbon-encapsulated Fe3c based on MOFs gel for all-solid-state hybrid supercapacitor

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cHEMIcAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2021年 419卷 129576-129576页

作者： Zhang, Yidong Shao, Rong Xu, Wei Ding, Jianfei Wang, Yuan Yan, Xiuhua Shi, Wenyan Wang, Min Yancheng Inst Technol Sch Chem & Chem Engn Yancheng 224051 Peoples R China Yancheng Teachers Univ Sch Chem & Environm Engn Yancheng 224002 Peoples R China

Hierarchical porous materials receive extensive attention due to their excellent electrode kinetic performance. Herein, a facile strategy is presented to fabricate hierarchical porous supercapacitor materials using Nacl-assisted MOFs gel as a structure-directing template. By controlling the additive amount of Nacl, hierarchical porous carbon-encapsulated Fe3c with tailored pore size distribution has been obtained with a high specific capacity of 184.1 mAh g- 1 (602.3F g-1) at a current density of 1 A g-1. The analysis of kinetics and impedance indicates that the tailored porosity can provide broad ion diffusion pathway and low charge-transfer resistance. Meanwhile, seawater was used instead of Nacl for preparing hierarchical porous carbon with good capacitive performance. When evaluated their practical applications, the assembled all-solid-state hybrid supercapacitor delivers a high energy density of 30.6 W h kg-1 at a power density of 600 W kg-1, and even maintains an energy density of 15.5 W h kg-1 at a power density of 12000 W kg-1 with 86.5% capacity retention after 10,000 cycles. This work is anticipated to open up a new route of using MOFs gel and water-soluble salts for designing hierarchical porous electrodes materials, which pave the way for advanced utilization of MOFs gel and seawater.

关键词： MOFs gel Supercapacitor Fe3c c Salt assisted synthesis Hierarchical porous structure

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Al₂O₃:c optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs) for ultra-high dose rate proton dosimetry

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PHYSIcS IN MEDIcINE AND BIOLOGY 2021年第8期66卷

作者： christensen, Jeppe Brage Togno, Michele Nesteruk, Konrad Pawel Psoroulas, Serena Meer, David Weber, Damien charles Lomax, Tony Yukihara, Eduardo G. Safai, Sairos Paul Scherrer Inst Dept Radiat Safety & Secur Villigen Switzerland Paul Scherrer Inst Ctr Proton Therapy Villigen Switzerland Univ Hosp Zurich Dept Radiat Oncol Zurich Switzerland Univ Hosp Bern Dept Radiat Oncol Bern Switzerland Swiss Fed Inst Technol Dept Phys Zurich Switzerland

The response of Al2O3:c optically stimulated luminescence detectors (OSLDs) was investigated in a 250 MeV pencil proton beam. The OSLD response was mapped for a wide range of average dose rates up to 9000 Gy s(-1), corresponding to a similar to 150 kGy s(-1) instantaneous dose rate in each pulse. Two setups for ultra-high dose rate (FLASH) experiments are presented, which enable OSLDs or biological samples to be irradiated in either water-filled vials or cylinders. The OSLDs were found to be dose rate independent for all dose rates, with an average deviation <1% relative to the nominal dose for average dose rates of (1-1000) Gy s(-1) when irradiated in the two setups. A third setup for irradiations in a 9000 Gy s(-1) pencil beam is presented, where OSLDs are distributed in a 3 x 4 grid. calculations of the signal averaging of the beam over the OSLDs were in agreement with the measured response at 9000 Gy s(-1). Furthermore, a new method was presented to extract the beam spot size of narrow pencil beams, which is in agreement within a standard deviation with results derived from radiochromic films. The Al2O3:c OSLDs were found applicable to support radiobiological experiments in proton beams at ultra-high dose rates.

关键词： FLASH proton dosimetry optically stimulated luminescence Al2O3 c ultra-high dose rate

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Glucose transformations over a mechanical mixture of ZnO and Ru/c catalysts: Product distribution, thermodynamics and kinetics

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cHEMIcAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2021年 405卷 126945-126945页

作者： Aho, Atte Engblom, Simon Eranen, Kari Russo, Vincenzo Maki-Arvela, Paivi Kumar, Narendra Warna, Johan Salmi, Tapio Murzin, Dmitry Yu. Abo Akad Univ Johan Gadolin Proc Chem Ctr Lab Ind Chem & React Engn FI-20500 Turku Finland Univ Napoli Federico II Chem Sci IT-80126 Naples Italy

Transformations of glucose to 1,2-propylene glycol were studied over a mechanical mixture of ZnO and Ru/c catalysts in the presence of hydrogen. Different reaction conditions were evaluated by changing the reaction temperature and hydrogen pressure. In addition to the cascade mode of operation, also separate steps in the overall reaction network, such as hydrogenation of pyruvaldehyde and hydroxyacetone to 1,2-propylene glycol were investigated. Fructose as a starting material was also studied resulting in a propylene glycol yield of 37.5%. The optimal temperature for glucose transformation to propylene glycol was found to be 165 degrees c. The influence of temperature on the catalytic behavior was more prominent than the effect of hydrogen pressure. Thermodynamic analysis of glucose transformation to 1,2-propylene glycol was performed and a plausible kinetic model reflecting a complex reaction network was developed being able to describe the data in a reliable way.

关键词： Glucose Hydrogenolysis 1 2-Propylene glycol Heterogeneous catalysts ZnO Ru c Optimization of reaction conditions Kinetic modelling Thermodynamic analysis

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Impact of doping on the morphology, structure and optical properties of c-oriented GaN nanorods

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MATERIALS RESEARcH BULLETIN 2021年 142卷 111390-111390页

作者： Kumar, Rajendra chatterjee, Abhijit Shivaprasad, S. M. Jawaharlal Nehru Ctr Adv Sci Res Chem & Phys Mat Unit Bangalore 560064 Karnataka India Jawaharlal Nehru Ctr Adv Sci Res Int Ctr Mat Sci Bangalore 560064 Karnataka India Jawaharlal Nehru Ctr Adv Sci Res Sch Adv Mat Bangalore 560064 Karnataka India

We report here the influence of Mg and Si-doping during growth, on the morphology, structure, and optical properties of single-crystalline GaN nanorods (NRs) grown on Si substrates using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Mg-doping is shown to enhance the lateral growth of the NRs, leading to a higher degree of coalescence. Si-doping during the nucleation stage of the growth enhances the mutual misorientation of the NRs. Strain profile measurements along the length of individual NR by transmission electron microscopy shows that the top regions are relaxed. Evaluation of carrier concentration by Raman spectroscopy reveals that Si-doping leads to an increase of carrier concentration from 1016 to 1017 cm-3, and the optimal Mg incorporation for the realisation of pdoping is confirmed by photoluminescence spectroscopy. These results will significantly help in understanding and tuning the structural and optical properties of GaN NRs through doping in the fabrication of NR based optoelectronic devices.

关键词： A Nitrides A Semiconductors B Epitaxial growth B Optical properties c Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

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Synthesis of c:Se nanoparticles via laser ablated with magnetic field on porous silicon for gas sensor applications

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OPTIK 2021年 242卷 167207-167207页

作者： Jwied, Duha H. Nayef, Uday M. Mutlak, Falah A-H. Univ Technol Baghdad Dept Appl Sci Baghdad Iraq Univ Baghdad Coll Sci Baghdad Iraq

The presented study synthesized c:Se NPs via a combination of the laser along with magnetic field at various laser pulse energies 200, 600 and 1000mJ with 100 shots, have been deposited on the porous silicon (PS) through the use of drop-casting method. The pattern of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) had indicated the nanocrystaline of specimens. In Atomic force microscopy (AFM), which shows agglomeration of c:Se NPs increased, the distribution of the granularity showed that the distribution of part was almost Gaussian, also the transmission electron microscope (TEM) indicated that the synthesized c:Se particles have an average particle size of 35 nm. Bright-field TEM images show complementary contrast, confirming the formation of core/shell structures. The optical measurements in wavelength range ultraviolet-visible near infrared (UV-vis-NIR) as well as a transition of indirect type with 4 eV band gap is specified. Also, the electrical characteristics like barrier height (phi B), ideal factor (n) for Al/c:Se NPs/PS/Si/Al heterojunction were concluded with measurements of current-voltage (I-V). Lastly, the operation temperature variations associated with NO2 and NH3 gas sensors are subjected to fabrication from the prepared samples on response time, sensor sensitivity and recover time was examined. The maximum sensitivity of c:Se/PS at 1000 mJ gas sensor to 60 ppm of NO2 about 202.5% at around 100 degrees c, also the maximum sensitivity of c:Se/PS at 1000mJgas sensor to 200 ppm of NH3 can reach 17.9%, and the optimum sensing temperature of c: Se/PS sensor is at around 150 degrees c.

关键词： Magnetic field Porous silicon Gas sensor c Se nanoparticles

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Response of wastewater treatment performance, microbial composition and functional genes to different c/N ratios and carrier types in MBBR inoculated with heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacteria

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BIORESOURcE TEcHNOLOGY 2021年 336卷 125339-125339页

作者： chen, Xue Zhang, Qian Zhu, Yunan Zhao, Tiantao Chongqing Univ Technol Sch Chem & Chem Engn Chongqing 40054 Peoples R China

To operate the moving bed biofilm reactor inoculated with HN-AD bacteria (B-MBBR) instead of activated sludge for livestock and poultry breeding wastewater (LPBW) disposal in most efficient manner, nitrogen removal (NR) efficiency and microbial composition of two MBBRs with different carrier types under various c/N ratios were explored. Results indicated that the performance on NR greatly various in different carrier types under various c/ N ratios. Attributing to the bacterial protection provided by the porous structure of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel, MBBR using PVA gel as the carrier exhibited a more stable NR performance (range from 78.05% to 83.76%) versus that using Kaldnes (K1) as the carrier (range from 78.05% to 83.76%). Besides, microbial analysis indicated that MBBR with PVA gel as the carrier is conducive to the growth of oligotrophic and HN-AD bacteria (Paracoccus and Acinetobacter), and the highest relative abundance was 16.37% at c/N ratio of 6.

关键词： c N ratio carrier type HN-AD bacteria Microbial composition Nitrogen transforming pathway

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An In Vivo Microfluidic Study of Bacterial Load Dynamics and Absorption in the c. elegans Intestine

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MIcROMAcHINES 2021年第7期12卷 832-832页

作者： Viri, Vittorio Arveiler, Mael Lehnert, Thomas Gijs, Martin Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne Lab Microsyst CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland

caenorhabditiselegans (c. elegans) has gained importance as a model for studying host-microbiota interactions and bacterial infections related to human pathogens. Assessing the fate of ingested bacteria in the worm's intestine is therefore of great interest, in particular with respect to normal bacterial digestion or intestinal colonization by pathogens. Here, we report an in vivo study of bacteria in the gut of c. elegans. We take advantage of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic device enabling passive immobilization of adult worms under physiological conditions. Non-pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria expressing either pH-sensitive or pH-insensitive fluorescence reporters as well as fluorescently marked indigestible microbeads were used for the different assays. Dynamic fluorescence patterns of the bacterial load in the worm gut were conveniently monitored by time-lapse imaging. cyclic motion of the bacterial load due to peristaltic activity of the gut was observed and biochemical digestion of E. coli was characterized by high-resolution fluorescence imaging of the worm's intestine. We could discriminate between individual intact bacteria and diffuse signals related to disrupted bacteria that can be digested. From the decay of the diffuse fluorescent signal, we determined a digestion time constant of 14 +/- 4 s. In order to evaluate the possibility to perform infection assays with our platform, immobilized c. elegans worms were fed pathogenic Mycobacterium marinum (M. marinum) bacteria. We analyzed bacterial fate and accumulation in the gut of N2 worms and mitochondrial stress response in a hsp-6::gfp mutant.

关键词： c elegans microfluidics bacteria absorption

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Energy-efficient ultrasound-assisted extraction of food proteins from the microalga c. vulgaris at elevated static pressure

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INNOVATIVE FOOD ScIENcE & EMERGING TEcHNOLOGIES 2021年 73卷 102797-102797页

作者： McHardy, christopher Kammegne, Thierry Djike Jaenich, Ingo Tech Univ Berlin Chair Food Biotechnol & Food Proc Engn Konigin Luise Str 22 D-14195 Berlin Germany Janich Ultraschall Tech Goethestr 22 D-16356 Ahrensfelde Germany

The microalga c. vulgaris is a potential source for sustainable food ingredients and particularly food protein. Ultrasonication can enhance the extraction of proteins from chlorella, but a comprehensive comparison to other cell disintegration technologies is not possible since knowledge about the energy requirements is missing. In this article, the effects of an elevated static pressure up to 5 bar, sound amplitude, and treatment duration on energy consumption and protein extraction yield were explored. Elevating the static pressure affects the oscillation dynamics and collapses of cavitating bubbles and leads to more destructive collapses and higher energy. By employing numerical simulations of bubble oscillations, it was shown that the protein yield is mostly affected by the energy being radiated during the collapse of single bubbles and the total number of collapses during the treatment. Increasing the biomass concentration before sonication offers a way to further reduce the massspecific energy input.

关键词： Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) Protein extraction c vulgaris Keller-Miksis equation Static pressure Energy efficiency

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Type-II c₂N/ZnTe Van Der Waals Heterostructure: A Promising Photocatalyst for Water Splitting

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ADVANcED MATERIALS INTERFAcES 2021年第9期8卷

作者： chen, Jingliang Wei, Xing Zhang, Ru Liu, Jian Tian, Ye Zhang, Yan Guo, Tingting Fan, Jibin Ni, Lei Zhang, Mingshuo Duan, Li Changan Univ Sch Mat Sci & Engn Xian 710064 Peoples R China Shandong Univ Sch Phys Jinan 250100 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Phys Beijing 100190 Peoples R China

Based on density functional theory calculations under the framework of first-principles, the electronic and optical characteristics of c2N/ZnTe van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure are investigated in detail. An inherent type-II band alignment arises in the heterostructure, which possesses a 1.94 eV direct band gap. With light irradiation, the photogenerated electron-hole pairs of heterostructure are separated on different monolayers. This helps to extending the lifetime of carriers. Additionally, the lower effective carrier mass (me*=0.55m0, mh*=0.23m0) is owned for the heterostructure. The heterostructure has suitable band gap and band edge positions, as well as, enhanced visible light absorption capacity, which can facilitate photocatalytic water splitting in acidic conditions. More interestingly, the redox reaction of photocatalytic water splitting can still proceed on the heterostructure after exerting a biaxial tensile strain of 2-6%. These results suggest that c2N/ZnTe vdW heterostructure will be a promising water splitting photocatalyst.

关键词： c N-2 ZnTe heterostructures first‐ principles photocatalysis water splitting

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