We demonstrate anisotropic, vertical deep etching of graphite and densely packed carbon nanotube (cNT) thick layer beyond the micrometer scale, which representing the first step toward nanocarbon bulk micromachining. ...
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We demonstrate anisotropic, vertical deep etching of graphite and densely packed carbon nanotube (cNT) thick layer beyond the micrometer scale, which representing the first step toward nanocarbon bulk micromachining. This micromachining process is compatible with standard lithography and therefore allows the fabrication of graphite and cNT architectures with 1 mu m lateral resolution and up to 10 mu m scale depth.
A textile mill provides one of the hardest and rigorous environments to a ring and a traveler of a spinning machine. Generation of high contact pressure between the ring and the traveler during winding led to degradat...
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A textile mill provides one of the hardest and rigorous environments to a ring and a traveler of a spinning machine. Generation of high contact pressure between the ring and the traveler during winding led to degradation of the internal surface of the ring, thus its working life. This study elucidated towards enhancing the working life of the ring as well as decreasing the time required to reinstate the rings on the spindle periodically during spinning. The objective was carried out by comparing four different detonation gun (D-Gun) thermal sprayed coatings on bearing alloy steel (E52100) ring in a laboratory test using pin-on-disc apparatus. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the Wc-co-cr, cr 3 c 2 Nicr, Al 2 O 3 +TiO 2 (Alumina-Titania) and Stellite-6 coatings were comparatively studied with those of uncoated E52100. The coated E52100 showed significantly less wear loss as compared to bare E52100. The investigations revealed that the cumulative volume loss for detonation sprayed coatings increased with increase in load. The Wc-co-cr coating underwent minimum wear and the Wc-co-cr–E52100 coating-substrate combination exhibited highest abrasive wear resistance. The results obtained during pin-on-disc laboratory test may be used for comparison of wear resistance of different coatings deposited on E52100 alloy steel rings in the textile mill.
Thermal spring water (17–28°c) occurring in crystalline rocks at the Grimsel area, Switzerland, represents a mixture of an old geothermal component with a surface-derived, young cold water component. comparison ...
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Thermal spring water (17–28°c) occurring in crystalline rocks at the Grimsel area, Switzerland, represents a mixture of an old geothermal component with a surface-derived, young cold water component. comparison of chemical and isotope data of cold and thermal spring water collected in 1991/92 and 2014/15 allows deciphering the residence time and evolution of the geothermal component. Accounting for changes in atmospheric input for d 18 O, d 2 H, 3 H and 14 c, a meteoric origin from similar moisture source(s) for the cold and geothermal component is proposed, a 3 H-PF model age of about 7 years for the cold component and infiltration of the geothermal component before 30 ka during an interglacial cycle. Deep circulation of the geothermal component is inferred from water temperatures of 110–120°c and the uptake of geogeniccO 2 and/or cH 4 .
Anaerobicco-digestion of high solids containing distillers grains and swine manure (total solids, 27 +/- 2% and 18 +/- 2%, respectively) was evaluated in this study to assess the effect of c/N ratio and organic loadi...
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Anaerobicco-digestion of high solids containing distillers grains and swine manure (total solids, 27 +/- 2% and 18 +/- 2%, respectively) was evaluated in this study to assess the effect of c/N ratio and organic loading rate (OLR). Feed mixture was balanced to achieve a c/N ratio of 30/1 by mixing distillers grains and swine manure. Pilot-scale co-digestion of distillers grains and swine manure was carried out under thermophilicconditions in the continuous mode for seven different OLRs from R1 to R7 (3.5, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14kgVS/m(3)day) under high solid anaerobic digestion. The methane yield and volatile solid (VS) removal were consistent;ranging from 0.33 to 0.34m(3)cH(4)/kgVSday and 50-53%, respectively, until OLR 8kgVS/m(3)day. After which methane yield and VS removal significantly decreased to 0.26m(3)cH(4)/kgVSday and 42%, respectively, when OLR was increased to 14kgVS/m(3)day. However, during operation, at OLR of 10kgVS/m(3)day, the methane yield and VS removal increased after the 19th day to 0.33m(3)cH(4)/kgVSday and 46%, respectively, indicating that a longer acclimatization period is required by methanogens at a higher loading rate.
The d4 family of transcription factors consists of three members in mammals. DPF1/neuro-d4 is expressed mainly in neurons and the peripheral nervous system, and is important for brain development. DPF2/requiem/ubi-d4 ...
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The d4 family of transcription factors consists of three members in mammals. DPF1/neuro-d4 is expressed mainly in neurons and the peripheral nervous system, and is important for brain development. DPF2/requiem/ubi-d4 is expressed ubiquitously and presumably functions as an apoptotic factor, especially during the deprivation of trophic factors. DPF3/cer-d4 is expressed in neurons and in the heart, and is important for heart development and function in zebrafish. In Drosophila, there is only one member, dd4, whose function is still unknown, but it is expressed in many tissues and is particularly abundant in the brain of developing embryos and in adults. Here, we present DPFF-1, the only member of this family of proteins in the nematode c. elegans. DPFF-1 is similar to its mammalian homolog DPF2/requiem/ubi-d4 because it is ubiquitously expressed during embryogenesis and in adult tissues, and because it is important for the induction of germ cell apoptosis during stress. Here, we show that dpff-1 null mutant animals produce less progeny than wild-type nematodes, presumably due to meiotic defects. Gonads of dpff-1 deficient animals showed more germ cells in pachytene and overexpressed the P-MPK-1 signal. Additionally, these animals presented higher levels of p53-induced germ cell apoptosis than wild-type animals. Furthermore, we observed that dpff-1 deficient animals are more sensitive to heat shock. This is the first report showing that the d4 family of transcription factors could be involved in meiosis and stress protection.
The completely c3-selective arylation of thiophenes and benzo[b]thiophenes was achieved by using Pd/c as a heterogeneous catalyst without ligands or additives under mild reaction conditions. The practicability of this...
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The completely c3-selective arylation of thiophenes and benzo[b]thiophenes was achieved by using Pd/c as a heterogeneous catalyst without ligands or additives under mild reaction conditions. The practicability of this transformation is demonstrated by notable functional group tolerance and the insensitivity of the reaction to H2O and air. This method is also applicable to nitrogen- and oxygen-containing heterocycles, yielding the corresponding c2-arylated products. Three-phase tests along with Hg-poisoning and hot-filtration tests suggest that the catalytically active species is heterogeneous in nature.
This paper applies new wavelet-based analysis procedures to low Earth-orbiting satellite measurements of equatorial ionospheric structure. The analysis was applied to high-resolution data from 285 communications/Navig...
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This paper applies new wavelet-based analysis procedures to low Earth-orbiting satellite measurements of equatorial ionospheric structure. The analysis was applied to high-resolution data from 285 communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (c/NOFS) satellite orbits sampling the postsunset period at geomagnetic equatorial latitudes. The data were acquired during a period of progressively intensifying equatorial structure. The sampled altitude range varied from 400 to 800 km. The varying scan velocity remained within 20 degrees of the cross-field direction. Time-to-space interpolation generated uniform samples at approximately 8 m. A maximum segmentation length that supports stochastic structure characterization was identified. A two-component inverse power law model was fit to scale spectra derived from each segment together with a goodness-of-fit measure. Inverse power law parameters derived from the scale spectra were used to classify the scale spectra by type. The largest category was characterized by a single inverse power law with a mean spectral index somewhat larger than 2. No systematic departure from the inverse power law was observed to scales greater than 100 km. A small subset of the most highly disturbed passes at the lowest sampled altitudes could be categorized by two-component power law spectra with a range of break scales from less than 100 m to several kilometers. The results are discussed within the context of other analyses of in situ data and spectral characteristics used for scintillation analyses.
cobalt and zirconium doped ferrite pellets of composition are synthesized successfully using the sol-gel method with two different precursors: citric Acid and Tartaric Acid. Dielectricconstant and dielectric loss tan...
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cobalt and zirconium doped ferrite pellets of composition are synthesized successfully using the sol-gel method with two different precursors: citric Acid and Tartaric Acid. Dielectricconstant and dielectric loss tangent measurements are performed in the frequency range 20Hz - 120MHz over Impedance analyzer. A.c. conductivity is calculated from Debye's equation of complex permittivity. Dielectricconstant and loss tangent are found to be varying in accordance to Maxwell-Wagner theory of interfacial polarization. A.c. conductivity is found to increase with increase in frequency as well as doping amount. Dielectric analysis of two series concludes that ferrites prepared using tartaric acid have higher values of dielectric properties at lower frequencies in comparison to those prepared with citric acid, while at higher frequencies, the effect of precursors seems to be insignificant. The enhancement of dielectricconstant and dielectric loss with increase in dopant concentration suggests that these samples are promising materials for applications in microwave devices.
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