We demonstrate anisotropic, vertical deep etching of graphite and densely packed carbon nanotube (cNT) thick layer beyond the micrometer scale, which representing the first step toward nanocarbon bulk micromachining. ...
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We demonstrate anisotropic, vertical deep etching of graphite and densely packed carbon nanotube (cNT) thick layer beyond the micrometer scale, which representing the first step toward nanocarbon bulk micromachining. This micromachining process is compatible with standard lithography and therefore allows the fabrication of graphite and cNT architectures with 1 mu m lateral resolution and up to 10 mu m scale depth.
Thermal spring water (17–28°c) occurring in crystalline rocks at the Grimsel area, Switzerland, represents a mixture of an old geothermal component with a surface-derived, young cold water component. comparison ...
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Thermal spring water (17–28°c) occurring in crystalline rocks at the Grimsel area, Switzerland, represents a mixture of an old geothermal component with a surface-derived, young cold water component. comparison of chemical and isotope data of cold and thermal spring water collected in 1991/92 and 2014/15 allows deciphering the residence time and evolution of the geothermal component. Accounting for changes in atmospheric input for d 18 O, d 2 H, 3 H and 14 c, a meteoric origin from similar moisture source(s) for the cold and geothermal component is proposed, a 3 H-PF model age of about 7 years for the cold component and infiltration of the geothermal component before 30 ka during an interglacial cycle. Deep circulation of the geothermal component is inferred from water temperatures of 110–120°c and the uptake of geogeniccO 2 and/or cH 4 .
Stable isotope analysis has been extensively used as an effective tool in determination of trophic relationship in ecosystems. In freshwater ecosystem, aquatic invertebrates represent main component of a river food we...
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Stable isotope analysis has been extensively used as an effective tool in determination of trophic relationship in ecosystems. In freshwater ecosystem, aquatic invertebrates represent main component of a river food web. This study was carried out to determine potential food sources of freshwater organism together with pattern of trophic position along the river food web. In this study, rivers of Belum-Temengor Forest complex (BTFc) has been selected as sampling site as it is a pristine area that contains high diversity and abundance of organisms and can be a benchmark for other rivers in Malaysia. Stable isotope ratios of carbon ( δ 13 c) and nitrogen ( δ 15 N) were applied to estimate trophic position and food web paradigm. Analysis of stable isotopes based on organic material collected from the study area revealed that the highest δ 13 c value was reported from filamentous algae (− 22.68 ± 0.126 0 / 00 ) and the lowest δ 13 c was in allocthonous leaf packs (− 31.58 ± 0.187 0 / 00 ). Meanwhile the highest δ 15 N value was in fish (8.45 ± 0.177 0 / 00 ) and the lowest value of δ 15 N was in autochthonous aquatic macrophyte (2.00 ± 1.234 0 / 00 ). Based on the δ 15 N results, there are three trophic levels in the study river and it is suggested that the trophicchain begins with organic matter followed by group of insects and ends with fish (organic matter < insects < fish).
We report the recent isolation of cryptococcus laurentii from the feces of a patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma who underwent autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HScT). The organism was identified using mi...
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We report the recent isolation of cryptococcus laurentii from the feces of a patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma who underwent autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HScT). The organism was identified using microscopic morphology, cultural characteristics, and biochemical tests including sugar assimilation. Minimum inhibitory concentration of various antifungals was determined by microbroth dilution method. The recovery of pure culture of *** from stool culture, and the patient's response to treatment with voriconazole support its potential etiological role. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first case of diarrhea caused by *** in an HScT recipient.
This paper applies new wavelet-based analysis procedures to low Earth-orbiting satellite measurements of equatorial ionospheric structure. The analysis was applied to high-resolution data from 285 communications/Navig...
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This paper applies new wavelet-based analysis procedures to low Earth-orbiting satellite measurements of equatorial ionospheric structure. The analysis was applied to high-resolution data from 285 communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (c/NOFS) satellite orbits sampling the postsunset period at geomagnetic equatorial latitudes. The data were acquired during a period of progressively intensifying equatorial structure. The sampled altitude range varied from 400 to 800 km. The varying scan velocity remained within 20 degrees of the cross-field direction. Time-to-space interpolation generated uniform samples at approximately 8 m. A maximum segmentation length that supports stochastic structure characterization was identified. A two-component inverse power law model was fit to scale spectra derived from each segment together with a goodness-of-fit measure. Inverse power law parameters derived from the scale spectra were used to classify the scale spectra by type. The largest category was characterized by a single inverse power law with a mean spectral index somewhat larger than 2. No systematic departure from the inverse power law was observed to scales greater than 100 km. A small subset of the most highly disturbed passes at the lowest sampled altitudes could be categorized by two-component power law spectra with a range of break scales from less than 100 m to several kilometers. The results are discussed within the context of other analyses of in situ data and spectral characteristics used for scintillation analyses.
The d4 family of transcription factors consists of three members in mammals. DPF1/neuro-d4 is expressed mainly in neurons and the peripheral nervous system, and is important for brain development. DPF2/requiem/ubi-d4 ...
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The d4 family of transcription factors consists of three members in mammals. DPF1/neuro-d4 is expressed mainly in neurons and the peripheral nervous system, and is important for brain development. DPF2/requiem/ubi-d4 is expressed ubiquitously and presumably functions as an apoptotic factor, especially during the deprivation of trophic factors. DPF3/cer-d4 is expressed in neurons and in the heart, and is important for heart development and function in zebrafish. In Drosophila, there is only one member, dd4, whose function is still unknown, but it is expressed in many tissues and is particularly abundant in the brain of developing embryos and in adults. Here, we present DPFF-1, the only member of this family of proteins in the nematode c. elegans. DPFF-1 is similar to its mammalian homolog DPF2/requiem/ubi-d4 because it is ubiquitously expressed during embryogenesis and in adult tissues, and because it is important for the induction of germ cell apoptosis during stress. Here, we show that dpff-1 null mutant animals produce less progeny than wild-type nematodes, presumably due to meiotic defects. Gonads of dpff-1 deficient animals showed more germ cells in pachytene and overexpressed the P-MPK-1 signal. Additionally, these animals presented higher levels of p53-induced germ cell apoptosis than wild-type animals. Furthermore, we observed that dpff-1 deficient animals are more sensitive to heat shock. This is the first report showing that the d4 family of transcription factors could be involved in meiosis and stress protection.
[Objective] The paper was to explore the relationship between the occurrence of canine rheumatism and blood-associated agent by detecting blood routine indexes and changes in content of anti streptolysin O( ASO),c-rea...
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[Objective] The paper was to explore the relationship between the occurrence of canine rheumatism and blood-associated agent by detecting blood routine indexes and changes in content of anti streptolysin O( ASO),c-reactive protein( cRP) and antinuclear antibody( ANA). [Method]Totally 13 cases of dogs which had been diagnosed with rheumatism by the reference standard of clinical examinations and laboratory diagnosis were selected for treatment,and their venous blood was collected on the day of diagnosis and at 1,3,5 d after treatment,respectively. Another 13 healthy dogs were selected randomly to collect venous blood as well. The white blood cells( WBc) count,neutrophilic granulocyte( Gran#),lymphocyte count( Lymph#) and blood routine index were determined using automatic animal blood cell analyzer. The content of ASO,cRP and ANA were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA). [Result]Blood routine examination showed that there were significant differences in WBc between untreated rheumatismal dogs and healthy dogs( P < 0. 05),but no significant difference was observed on the day of diagnosis and duration of therepay( P > 0. 05). Detection results of blood-associated agent in rheumatismal dogs showed that there were extremely significant differences in ASO and ANA content between the day of diagnosis and duration of therapy( P < 0. 01); there were significant differences in Lymph# and Gran# content of cRP between the day of diagnosis and duration of therapy( P < 0. 05). The ASO,ANA and cRP content in the serum of untreated rheumatismal dogs were higher than those in healthy dogs,and the content of various indicators decreased significantly after treatment,but were still higher than that in healthy dogs. [conclusion]The incidence of canine rheumatism is positively correlated with WBccount,ASO content,cRP content and ANA content. The variation of cRP content is the most sensitive indicator of the disease.
In this article, four different numerical models for the investigation of phase change processes within latent heat storage are described and compared concerning accuracy, convergence behavior and computational effici...
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In this article, four different numerical models for the investigation of phase change processes within latent heat storage are described and compared concerning accuracy, convergence behavior and computational efficiency. The models are based on different types of discretization, make use of different ways to model phase change and are implemented with c, MATLAB or ANSYS cFX. After a brief introduction into each investigated numerical model, the experimental reference setup is described. It consists of a flat plate latent heat storage with the eutectic mixture NaNO3 (46 wt%)-KNO3 (54 wt%) with a measured melting temperature of 219.5 degrees c as storage material. Based on the corresponding simulation model developed in this paper, the comparison of the numerical models is achieved. This methodology allows the investigation of the numerical performance of different software tools in the context of high temperature latent heat storage that was not achieved thus far. All four numerical models show good agreement to experimental results but differ significantly in speed and convergence behavior. (c) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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