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Multiplex one-step RT-qPCR assays for simultaneous detection of AMDV, MEV and cdv

BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH 2025年第1期21卷 1-9页

作者： Cao, Zhi Xu, Hang Zhao, Xinru Zhang, Ke Yin, Dehua Ma, Shuai Li, Wenling Li, Siyu Ren, Jianwei Wen, Jianxin Qingdao Agr Univ Coll Vet Med Qingdao 266109 Peoples R China Shandong Collaborat Innovat Ctr Dev Vet Pharmaceut Qingdao 266109 Peoples R China Innovus Solarex Biotech Co Ltd Qingdao 266109 Peoples R China Qingdao Anim Dis Prevent & Control Ctr Qingdao 266100 Peoples R China

BackgroundAleutian mink disease, mink viral enteritis and canine distemper are known as the three most serious diseases that cause great economic loss in the mink industry. In clinical practice, aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV), mink enteritis virus (MEV) and canine distemper virus (cdv) are common mixed infections, and they have similar clinical clinical signs, such as diarrhoea. Therefore, a rapid and accurate differential diagnosis method for use on mink ranches is essential for the control of these three pathogens. Here, we developed multiplex one-step real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assays for the simultaneous detection and quantification of AMDV, MEV and cdv by using three primers and probes based on the conserved NS1, VP2 and N genes, *** results showed that the established method can not cross-react with other mink pathogens, with a detection sensitivity of 25 copies/mu L and a coefficient of variation less than 3.51%. Moreover, the interference experiment showed that the presence of AMDV, MEV and cdv templates at different concentrations would not interfere with the detection results. Furthermore, two hundred clinical samples of mink with diarrhoea were simultaneously analysed using multiplex RT-qPCR and single RT-qPCR, the Kappa values were all greater than 0.921, indicating that there was a high degree of coincidence between the two detection *** conclusion, multiplex RT-qPCR exhibited high specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility, indicating that this method can be used as a reliable and specific tool for the differential detection and quantification of AMDV, MEV and cdv.

关键词： AMDV MEV cdv Multiplex RT-qPCR Differential detection

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Geographical Distribution of Carnivore Hosts and Genotypes of Canine Distemper Virus (cdv) Worldwide: A Scoping Review and Spatial Meta-Analysis

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TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES 2025年第1期2025卷 6632068页

作者： Wipf, A. Perez-Cutillas, P. Ortega, N. Huertas-Lopez, A. Martinez-Carrasco, C. Candela, M. G. UNIV MURCIA FAC VET Anim Hlth Dept MURCIA Spain Univ Murcia Fac Humanities Geog Dept Murcia Spain Univ Complutense Madrid Fac Vet Anim Hlth Dept Saluvet Madrid Spain

Background: Emerging viral diseases are spreading to new geographic locations, influenced by human activities and climate change. Morbillivirus canis (also known as canine distemper virus, cdv), the etiological agent of CD, is distributed worldwide and shared between wild and domestic animals. Methods: A systematic review using MeSH terms was carried out from 1985 to 2024, focusing the search on studies (PubMed and WOS) that would detect cdv and sequence it in a known genotype in Carnivora hosts. Articles were reviewed by four researchers, and after quality assessment, we selected 160 published papers for data extraction, analysis, and spatial meta-analysis. Considering species studied, geographical location, and classified genotypes we identify 457 different individual studies (records) from which 332 records cdv was sequenced into a classifiable 17 main genotypes. Spatial meta-analysis was performed using QGIS, revealing distributions of animals in which a cdv lineage has been isolated;geographical lineages overlapping on different hosts have been measured as a density function. Results: cdv host species belonged to the suborder Caniformia (93.7%) into families such as Canidae (75.2%), Mustelidae (9.7%), and Procyonidae (7.6%). Suborder Feliformia (6.1%) showed wild Felidae (5.1%) as the most represented family. Samples used were brain (13.74%), lung (12.4%), blood (10.8%), and nasal-eye discharges (8.9%;8.1%). Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) (60.34%) and real-time-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) (26.57%) detecting H gene (62%) were most used to detect viral ARN. On genotypes, Europe/South America-1 (27.4%), Europe-3/Artic (15.5%), Asia-1 (14.5%), America-1 (11.2%), Europe-2/European Wildlife and Africa (Africa-1 and Africa-2) (7.6%) were the most represented worldwide, being America-1 and Europe/South America-1 the most widely distributed around the world. Conclusions: The analysis showed the wide multihost capacity and diversity of cdv, with dog (Canis lupus famil

关键词： Carnivora cdv genotype morbillivirus multihost spatial meta-analysis spillover

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Worst case analysis for multiplexed traffic enforced by enhanced leaky bucket with cdv tolerance

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 1997年第4期E80B卷 557-563页

作者： Wu, JS Sue, SW Department of Electrical Engineering National Central University 32053 Chung-Li Taiwan

In ATM networks, a usage parameter control (UPC) strategy must regulate incoming traffic according to the characteristics of the sources declared at call set-up. Among various UPC schemes, Leaky Bucket is a conventionally method having been discussed extensively. This paper examines the characteristics of the multiplexer with a sufficient buffer in which cell arrivals are policed by Enhanced Leaky-Bucket (ELB) before entering the system. In addition to the factor of mean rate, peak rate and cell delay variation (cdv) are also considered for each ELB. We find out the worst output pattern from the ELB and derive the upper bound on average waiting time as a function of the ELB parameters.

关键词： leaky bucket cdv UPC

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Phase-locked loop used for cdv suppression of MPEG2 signal over ATM network

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART I-COMMUNICATIONS 1998年第9期81卷 17-27页

作者： Rokugo, Y NEC Corp Ltd Kawasaki Kanagawa 211 Japan

In the transmission of the MPEG2 Transport Stream (MPEG2 TS), the clock information is transferred using the time stamp called the program clock reference (PCR) to synchronize the system clocks between the sending and receiving sides. In this system, a PLL (phase-locked loop) is used to regenerate the system clock from the PCR. Since the PCR is numerical information, new type of PLL is required. Besides, when transmitting MPEG2 signals through the ATM network, the system clock used to generate the PCR and the reference clock of the ATM network become asynchronous. The cell delay variation (cdv) changes the PCR arrival time at the receiving side and produces an ultralow-frequency jitter with a large amplitude when the receiving clocks are regenerated. This jitter cannot be sufficiently eliminated by the conventional second-order PLL model that was used in the stuff synchronous system and in similar schemes. This paper proposes a new type of third-order PLL that efficiently uses the properties of the digital signal processing-type PLL. This paper also evaluates the jitter suppression characteristics of the PLL as compared with those of the second-order PLL. As a result, the proposed PLL obtains strong jitter suppression characteristics without degrading the system gain in a relatively higher-frequency band in which the quality degradation otherwise hinders the regeneration of MPEG2 picture signals. (C) 1998 Scripta Technica.

关键词： ATM digital phase-locked loop picture encoding cdv time stamp

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Comparing chemical environmental scores using USEtox^™ and cdv from the European Ecolabel

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT 2011年第8期16卷 795-802页

作者： Saouter, Erwan Guy Perazzolo, Chiara Steiner, Laure Delphine Sci & Environm CH-1215 Geneva Switzerland

Purpose USEtox (TM) (Rosenbaum et al. 2008) is a new model which can be used to calculate characterization factors for human and ecotoxicity impact categories used in life cycle assessment. The French ADEME-AFNOR (http://***/) is currently considering this model to develop a new environmental labelling standard for consumer goods. The objective of this short study is to compare USEtox (TM) impact scores with critical dilution volume (cdv) scores from the European Ecolabel (http://***/environment/ecolabel), a well-established tool widely used in Europe aiming at discriminating environmental friendly products. Material and methods The same range of chemicals (high scores to low scores) listed in both the USEtox (TM) database and the EU Ecolabel detergent ingredient database (DID-list) were used for the comparison. The DID-list is a reference list, which contains agreed and verified fate and ecotoxicity data. The ranking was made based on two different ranking parameters, one from each model: the environmental impact score from USEtox (TM) and the cdv from the EU Ecolabel. Additionally, a Spearman's rank correlation (rho) coefficient was calculated. Results and discussion Sixty-nine chemicals common in personal care and cleaning products were selected for the comparison between USEtox (TM) and EU Ecolabel methods. A "fair" agreement was found between the two models with a Spearman correlation coefficient rho of 0.74, but a significant number of chemicals was ranked rather differently. The presence of outliers (i.e., different ranking) may be explained by several factors, which include the use of discrete versus continuous values to estimate the substance's degradation constant. Another factor could be that the substances are grouped under classes in the DID-list, thus having average parameter values. The main factor though probably lays in the different sources of the physico-chemical, fate and ecotoxicity data within the two mo

关键词： cdv USEtox (TM) Chemical ranking EU Ecolabel Hazard for the environment Product score

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Usage parameter control in ATM networks by solving cdv problem at UNI

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 1996年第7期E79B卷 946-952页

作者： Kuo, FJ Wu, JS Department of Electrical Engineering National Central University Chung-Li 32054 Taiwan

Due to the Cell Delay Variation (cdv) at User Network Interface (UNI), it is very hard for an ATM network to perform Usage Parameter Control (UPC), which is an important job for congestion control. Based on the Generic Cell Rate Algorithm (GCRA), ATM Forum has proposed a procedure to perform the UPC. However, the severe problem is that a user has to specify the cdv Tolerance at the UNI by itself. Such a nearly unreachable constraint makes the GCRA unsuitable for UPC. In this paper, we point out that the cdv comprises two parts in which the customer and a network provider should be responsible. Thus, we proposed a concept of Innocent Public Network and Agent Protocol to realize the principle and facilitate UPC. In addition, a shaper is suggested for the customer to employ so as to prevent its performance degradation. In the proposed system the network is no longer suffered from cdv at the UNI and the UPC can be easily performed.

关键词： UPC cdv UNI GCRA

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The recombinant EHV-1 vector producing cdv hemagglutinin as potential vaccine against canine distemper

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MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS 2017年第0期111卷 388-394页

作者： Pan, Zihao Liu, Jin Ma, Jiale Jin, Qiuli Yao, Huochun Osterrieder, Nikolaus Nanjing Agr Univ Coll Vet Med Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu Peoples R China Nanjing Chi Yuan Biol Technol Co Ltd Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China Free Univ Berlin FB Vet Med Inst Virol D-14163 Berlin Germany

Canine distemper virus (cdv), is a pantropic agent of morbillivirus that causes fetal disease in dogs. Base on a broad host rang of cdv, the continued vaccines inoculation is unavoidable to pose gene recombination risk in vaccine virus and wild virus. The current study presents the construction of novel vectors, using equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) expressing the canine distemper virus (cdv). The recent field strain hemagglutinin protein and nucleoprotein were used for the construction of the viral vector vaccines. Based on the Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) genomes of EHV-1 RacH strain, the recombinant EHV-1 vaccine virus encoding cdv hemagglutinin protein (EHV-H) or cdv nucleoprotein (EHV-N) was constructed separately. The constructed BACs were rescued after 72 h post infection, and the expression of H or N in the recombinant viruses was confirmed by western-blotting. Furthermore, high levels of neutralizing antibodies were induced persistently following vaccination in the groups EHVH&EHV-N and EHV-H, but the EHV-N group. The groups of vaccinated EHV-H and EHV-H&EHV-N pups were monitored for clinical signs, whereas the vaccinated EHV-N group developed moderate symptoms. The present study demonstrated that EHV-1 based recombinant virus carrying cdv H could be a promising vaccine candidate against canine distemper. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： cdv EHV-1 Viral vector vaccine Hemagglutinin Nucleoprotein

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Stability of canine distemper virus (cdv) after 20 passages in Vero-DST cells expressing the receptor protein for cdv

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VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY 2006年第3-4期118卷 177-188页

作者： Lan, N. T. Yamaguchi, R. Kawabata, A. Uchida, K. Kai, K. Sugano, S. Tateyama, S. Miyazaki Univ Fac Agr Dept Vet Pathol Miyazaki 8892192 Japan Yamaguchi Univ Fac Agr Dept Vet Microbiol Yamaguchi 7538515 Japan Univ Tokyo Inst Med Sci Tokyo 1088639 Japan

Isolates 007Lm, S124C and Ac961 and a Vero cell-adapted Onderstepoort strain of canine distemper viruses (cdv) were examined for stability after passages in Vero cells expressing the canine signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (dogSLAM, the intrinsic receptor to cdv). These viruses passage once in Vero cells expressing dogSLAM (Vero-DST) cells (original) and after 20 passages (20p) were compared by using sequence analyses and growth characteristics. All four strains of 20p grew well and were slightly better than their originals. The 20p viruses developed a cytopathic effect slightly lower than the original strains. A few changes in amino acids in the H gene were between the 20p and the original viruses, but the sites of changes were not specific. Fragments of P, M and L genes of all strains showed no nucleotide changes after the passages. These results showed that: (1) passages of cdvs in Vero-DST cells induced amino acid changes only in the H gene, not in the P, M and L genes, unlike in a previous study with Vero cells;(2) passages did not markedly affect the growth characteristics of every viral strain. These results indicate that Vero cells expressing canine SLAM allow the isolation and passaging of cdv without major changes in viral genes. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved.

关键词： adaptation cdv growth passage sequence Vero-DST cells

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ATM网络信元时隙映射的cdv及其容限

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计算机研究与发展 1998年第3期35卷 255-260页

作者：胡文华朱世伟陈雷陈锦江华中理工大学计算机系

源流量点和ＵＰＣ控制点间的信元延迟变化（ＣＤＶ）对ＣＡＣ，ＵＰＣ的控制有着重要的影响．文中在分析ＣＤＶ成因的基础上，研究了基于信元接口的ＡＴＭ网络信元时隙映射的ＣＤＶ，提出了ＣＤＶ的计算公式和一些结论，并确定了ＣＤＶ... 详细信息

源流量点和ＵＰＣ控制点间的信元延迟变化（ＣＤＶ）对ＣＡＣ，ＵＰＣ的控制有着重要的影响．文中在分析ＣＤＶ成因的基础上，研究了基于信元接口的ＡＴＭ网络信元时隙映射的ＣＤＶ，提出了ＣＤＶ的计算公式和一些结论，并确定了ＣＤＶ容限．

关键词：信元映射 cdv容限 ATM网络 cdv B-ISDN

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犬瘟热病毒（cdv）93039与cdv MD—77株感染Viro细胞的电镜观察

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中国兽医学报 2000年第1期20卷 22-25页

作者：遇秀玲杨怡北京军事医学科学院实验动物中心北京100071 北京军事医学院仪器中心北京100071

采用电镜技术对犬瘟热病毒（ＣＤＶ）９３０３９株和ＣＤＶＭＤ－７７株在体外培养细胞中的增殖过程和所致病变特点进行了比较研究。结果表明，２株病毒的形态发生过程与文献报道相符。ＣＤＶ９３０３９株与ＣＤＶＭＤ－７７株相比，... 详细信息

采用电镜技术对犬瘟热病毒（ＣＤＶ）９３０３９株和ＣＤＶＭＤ－７７株在体外培养细胞中的增殖过程和所致病变特点进行了比较研究。结果表明，２株病毒的形态发生过程与文献报道相符。ＣＤＶ９３０３９株与ＣＤＶＭＤ－７７株相比，少见长丝状核衣壳聚集及曲型的胞膜上出芽病毒粒子，涵体以电子致密小体为主，与文献报道的ＣＤＶond株较为相似；ＣＤＶＭＤ－７７株可见成堆存在的核衣壳结构，胞膜上出芽增殖明显可见。

关键词： Vero细胞超微结构 93039株 MD-77株 cdv

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