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GEODIVERSITAS 2016年第2期38卷 197-224页

作者： Peigne, Stephane Univ Paris 04 UPMC CNRSUMR 7207 Dept Hist TerreMuseum Natl Hist NatMNHNCR2P Case Postale 3857 Rue Cuvier F-75231 Paris 05 France

The locality of Kucukcekmece has yielded a unique carnivoran fauna representing one of the rare fossil assemblages comprising both marine and terrestrial species. The studied sample comprises thirty-four specimens belonging to three different collections at the Technical University of Istanbul (ITU), Geology Museum of the Istanbul University (IU) and at the National Museum of Natural History of Paris. This low number of fossil remains contrasts with the relatively great taxonomic richness of the fauna, since six families and at least nine species are identified: the ursid Indarctos arctoides (Deperet, 1895), the mustelid Sivaonyx hessicus (Lydekker, 1884), the phocids Cryptophoca sp. and Phocidae gen. et sp. indet., the percrocutid Dinocrocuta senyureki (Ozansoy, 1957), the hyaenid cf. Thalassictis sp., the felids Machairodus aphanistus (Kaup, 1832), Pristifelis sp. cf. P. attica (Wagner, 1857) and Felidae gen. et sp. indet. medium size. A tenth species, a small mustelid identified as Mustela pentelici Gaudry, 1861 by Malik & Nafiz (1933), was probably present. However, the figured (and only?) specimen was destroyed during the 1942 fire at Istanbul University. Most of the species are documented by one or a few specimens, while the phocid material is the most abundant and represents more than half of the described fossils, with many postcranial remains. The list of carnivora of Kucukcekmece suggests a late Miocene age for the fauna of this site.

关键词： Miocene Turkey carnivora Ursidae Mustelidae Phocidae Hyaenidae Percrocutidae Felidae

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carnivora

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GEOBIOS 2016年第1-2期49卷 53-67页

作者： Koufos, George D. Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki Dept Geol Lab Geol & Palaeontol GR-54124 Thessaloniki Greece

The carnivoran sample from Nikiti 2 (NIK) is relatively poor, including a small number of specimens, mainly postcranials. The best-preserved specimen is a skull and mandible, as well as some bones of the common late Miocene hyaenid Adcrocuta eximia. The sample of A. eximia is similar to the subspecies A. eximia eximia from the Turolian of Greece. A second hyaenid species is represented by an upper deciduous dentition;it is smaller than the corresponding dentition of A. eximia from the Greek localities of Pikermi, Perivolaki and Ravin de la Pluie. It could belong to a smaller hyaenid, such as the ictitheres Hyaenictitherium wongii and Ictitherium robustum, or the hyaenid Lycyaena chaeretis;all of these taxa have been already found elsewhere in association with A. eximia. The machairodontid Amphimachairodus giganteus is represented by some postcranial elements. The simultaneous occurrence of A. e. eximia and A. giganteus indicates a Turolian age for the NIK fauna. A. eximia is a common and widespread taxon ranging in Eurasia from the Vallesian to the end of the Turolian, making it useful as a biostratigraphic marker for the beginning of the late Miocene. A. giganteus is known in Europe and eastern Asia during the Turolian. (C) 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

关键词： carnivora Late Miocene Greece Taxonomy Biostratigraphy

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Predictive Methods and Probabilistic Mapping of Subcortical Brain Components in Fossil carnivora

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JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY 2025年第1期533卷 e70014页

作者： Baer, Emily Nguyen, Phuoc D. Lilly, Stefan Song, Jiyoon Yee, Mathew Matz, Olivia Sahasrabudhe, Rachna Hall, Douglas R. La, Susan Merritt, Brandon J. Mahesh, Pallavi Eliacin, Christelle Bitterman, Kathleen Oddes, Demi Bertelsen, Mads F. Tang, Cheuk Y. Cook, Peter F. Mars, Rogier B. Hof, Patrick R. Dunn, Rachel Manger, Paul R. Sherwood, Chet C. Spocter, Muhammad A. Des Moines Univ Dept Anat W Des Moines IA 50266 USA Univ Witwatersrand Fac Hlth Sci Sch Anat Sci Johannesburg South Africa Copenhagen Zoo Ctr Zoo & Wild Anim Hlth Frederiksberg Denmark Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai Dept Radiol New York NY USA Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai Dept Psychiat New York NY USA Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai Biomed & Engn Imaging Inst New York NY USA New Coll Florida Florida Inst Marine Mammal Sci Sarasota FL 34243 USA Univ Oxford Wellcome Ctr Integrat Neuroimaging Nuffield Dept Clin Neurosci FMRIB Oxford England Radboud Univ Nijmegen Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav Nijmegen Netherlands Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai Nash Family Dept Neurosci New York NY USA Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai Friedman Brain Inst New York NY USA Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai Ctr Discovery & Innovat New York NY USA New York Consortium Evolutionary Primatol New York NY USA George Washington Univ Dept Anthropol Washington DC USA George Washington Univ Ctr Adv Study Human Paleobiol Washington DC USA Iowa State Univ Coll Vet Med Dept Biomed Sci Ames IA 50011 USA

Paleoneurology reconstructs the evolutionary history of nervous systems through direct observations from the fossil record and comparative data from extant species. Although this approach can provide direct evidence of phylogenetic links among species, it is constrained by the availability and quality of data that can be gleaned from the fossil record. Here, we sought to translate brain component relationships in a sample of extant carnivora to make inferences about brain structure in fossil species. Using high resolution magnetic resonance imaging on extant canids and felids and 3D laser scanning on fossil carnivora, spanning some 40 million years of evolution, we derived measurements for select brain components. From these primary data, predictive equations of cortical (gray matter mass, cortical thickness, and gyrification index) and subcortical structures (caudate nucleus, putamen, and external globus pallidus mass) were used to derive estimates for select fossil carnivora. We found that regression equations based on both extant and simulation samples provided moderate to high predictability of subcortical masses for fossil carnivora. We also found that using exploratory probabilistic mapping of subcortical structures in extant carnivora, a reasonable prediction could be made of the 3D subcortical morphospace of fossil endocasts. These results identify allometric departures and establish adult species ranges in brain component size for fossil species. The integrative approach taken in this study may serve as a model to promote further dialog between neurobiologists working on extant carnivora models and paleoneurologists describing the nervous system of fossils from this understudied group of mammals.

关键词： brain carnivora evolution fossils prediction probabilistic simulation

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carnivora - THE PRIMARY STRUCTURE OF HEMOGLOBIN FROM ADULT COATI (NASUA-NASUA-RUFA, PROCYONIDAE)

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JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 1990年第1期9卷 23-29页

作者： AHMED, A JAHAN, M BRAUNITZER, G MAX PLANCK INST BIOCHEM PROT CHEM ABT W-8033 MARTINSRIED GERMANY

The complete primary structure of the hemoglobin from the adult coati (Nasua nasua rufa) is presented. The erythrocytes contain one hemoglobin component and two globin chains. The isolation of globin chains was achieved by reversed-phase HPLC on a column of Nucleosil-C4. The primary structure of globin chains and tryptic peptides was determined in liquid- and gas-phase sequenators. The sequence of the .alpha. and .beta. chains of coati compared with those of other carnivora species. Results are discussed with respect to structural variations and the phylogenetic relationship.

关键词： carnivora Coati hemoglobin phylogeney primary structure

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Plio-Pleistocene carnivora of northwestern Africa: A short review

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COMPTES RENDUS PALEVOL 2008年第8期7卷 591-599页

作者： Geraads, Denis CNRS UPR 2147 F-75014 Paris France

The fossil record of northwestern African carnivores is very patchy. The richest assemblage is that of the Late Pliocene of Ahl al Oughlam, with more than 20 species belonging to the main modern families. Some additions to its study are made here. The rather poor Early Pleistocene faunas are mainly marked by the arrival of a large Canis. A fauna of modem type, with example, the duo Hyaena-Crocuta, settles in the Earliest Pleistocene site of Tighenif, where some older elements linger on (Homotherium), beside some taxa of doubtful affinities, like a large Panthera, and a strange canid close to Nyctereutes, dominant at this site as well as at the slightly younger ones of Thomas and Oulad Hamida Quarries in Casablanca. All these faunas consist mostly of African taxa, together with a Palaearctic component whose importance increases towards the end of the Pleistocene. To cite this article: D. Geraads, C. R. Palevol 7 (2008). (C) 2008 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

关键词： Northwestern Africa carnivora Mammalia Pliocene Pleistocene

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carnivora from the Kanapoi hominin site, northern Kenya

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JOURNAL OF AFRICAN EARTH SCIENCES 2012年 64卷 1-8页

作者： Werdelin, Lars Manthi, Fredrick Kyalo Swedish Museum Nat Hist Dept Palaeozool SE-10405 Stockholm Sweden Natl Museums Kenya Dept Earth Sci Nairobi Kenya

The assemblage from Kanapoi represents the most diverse early Pliocene carnivore assemblage from sub-Saharan Africa. carnivora from Kanapoi were originally described by Werdelin (2003a), but continuing field work has brought to light significant new material from the site, shedding new light on the earliest post-Miocene radiation of carnivora in Africa. Most importantly, a second species of Enhydriodon has been recovered from the site, including the first specimen to include a large part of the neurocranium. This makes Kanapoi the first site to include two species of this genus. This addition to the fauna will be of prime significance to understanding the ecology and evolutionary radiation of these giant, extinct otters. Other significant new finds include additional material of a wildcat-sized felid. Finds of this group are rare, and the new Kanapoi material adds significantly to our knowledge of the stem lineage of the genus Fells, which is widespread in Africa today. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Africa Pliocene Kanapoi carnivora Enhydriodon Felis

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carnivora - THE PRIMARY STRUCTURE OF THE MAJOR HEMOGLOBIN COMPONENT FROM ADULT EUROPEAN LYNX (LYNX-LYNX, FELIDAE)

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JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 1992年第1期11卷 39-43页

作者： AHMED, A JAHAN, M BRAUNITZER, G MAX PLANCK INST BIOCHEM PROT CHEM ABTW-8033 MARTINSRIEDGERMANY

The complete primary structure of the major hemoglobin component from the adult European lynx (Lynx lynx) is presented. Presence of two hemoglobin components and three chains, beta-A, beta-B, and alpha, identified by gel electrophoresis. The purification of the globin chains achieved by ion-exchange chromatography. The globin chains were digested with trypsin. The peptide generated were purified by reversed-phase HPLC. Sequencing of the native chains up to 42 cycles and of the tryptic peptides were deduced by Edman degradation in liquid- and gas-phase sequencer. The primary structure established aligned with those of human Hb-A. The comparison of lynx globin chains with other representatives of the Felidae, lion, tiger, jaguar, leopard, and cat revealed high homology.

关键词： LYNX carnivora HEMOGLOBIN PRIMARY STRUCTURE HOMOLOGY

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carnivora SYSTEMATICS - A STUDY OF HEMOGLOBINS

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COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1969年第5期31卷 799-&页

作者： SEAL, US The Department of Biochemistry University of Minnesota and the Metabolic Research Laboratory Veterans Administration Hospital Minneapolis Minnesota 55417 USA

1. 1. Hemoglobin samples from six-hundred and ninety-six animals representing one-hundred and twelve species and seventy-three genera of fissiped and pinniped carnivora were examined by gel electrophoresis. All members of the Canidae, Ursidae, Procyonidae, Mustelidae, Otariidae and Phocidae had a major hemoglobin component of identical mobility. 2. 2. Fractionation, amino acid analysis, sulfhydryl content, peptide maps and hybrids with human hemoglobin A and dog hemoglobin indicated this hemoglobin is of identical structure in these six families. 3. 3. Thus, the 0·85 mobility hemoglobin has not diversified during the 45 million years since the ancestry of these families separated from the Miacidae and diverged from the Felocida during the Eocene. 4. 4. The hemoglobins of the Feloidea were diversified.

关键词： Haemoglobins biochemical phylogeny phylogeny carnivora Fissipedia Pinnipedia hybridization fetal haemoglobins systematics

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carnivora of the Tamanian faunal unit (the Azov Sea area)

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QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL 2009年第1-2期201卷 43-52页

作者： Sotnikova, Marina Titov, Vadim Russian Acad Sci Inst Geol Moscow 119017 Russia So Sci Ctr RAS Rostov Na Donu 344006 Russia

The carnivora assemblage of the Tamanian faunal unit (1.1-0.8 Ma) from the South of European Russia (Taman' Peninsula and southern shore of the Taganrog Gulf of the Azov Sea) is described. It contains five species: Canis tamanensis, Canis (Xenocyon) lycaonoides, Lutra Shuplicidens tamanensis, Pachycrocuta brevirostris, and Homotherium latidens. The Tamanian otter shows a more primitive condition than the Middle Pleistocene European L. simplicidens and its subspecific Status is defined. C. tamanensis resembles the European Canis mosbachensis but shows very peculiar characteristics of the lower carnassial in the type specimen. in general, the Tamanian assemblage is composed of the elements that are characteristic of the post-Villafranchian carnivore fauna of Western Europe. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.

关键词： carnivora Azov Sea faunal type specimens Western Europe

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Molecular systematics and origin of sociality in mongooses (Herpestidae, carnivora)

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MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2004年第3期30卷 582-598页

作者： Veron, G Colyn, M Dunham, AE Taylor, P Gaubert, P CNRS Museum Natl Hist Nat Dept Syst & Evolut Unite Origine Struct & Evol Biodiversite F-75005 Paris France Univ Rennes 1 CNRS UMR 6552 F-35380 Paimpont France SUNY Stony Brook Dept Ecol & Evolut Stony Brook NY 11794 USA Durban Nat Sci Museum eThekwini Heritage Dept ZA-4000 Durban South Africa

The Herpestidae are small terrestrial carnivores comprising 18 African and Asian genera, currently split into two subfamilies, the Herpestinae and the Galidiinae. The aim of this work was to resolve intra-familial relationships and to test the origin of sociality in the group. For this purpose we analysed sequences of the complete cytochrome b gene for 18 species of Herpestidae. The results showed that the mongooses were split into three clades: (1) the Malagasy taxa (Galidiinae and Cryptoprocta), (2) the true social mongooses and (3) the solitary mongooses, each group being also supported by morphological and chromosomal data. Our results suggested unexpected phylogenetic relationships: (1) the genus Cynictis is included in the solitary mongoose clade, (2) the genera Liberiictis and Mungos are sister-group, and (3) the genus Herpestes is polyphyletic. We examined the evolution of the sociality in mongooses by combining behavioural traits with the cytochrome b data. Some of the behavioural traits provided good synapomorphies for characterizing the social species clade, showing the potential benefit of using such characters in phylogeny. The mapping of ecological and behavioural features resulted in hypothesizing solitary behavior and life in forest as the conditions at the base of the mongoose clade. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： HERPESTIDAE carnivora DOMESTIC relations CHROMOSOMES

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