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Comparison of cognitive functions in individuals with primary psychosis and substance-induced psychotic disorders

JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2025年第2期30卷 340-346页

作者： Shirzadi, Maryam Mirmoeini, Maryam Davarinejad, Omran Hookari, Sara Alikhani, Mostafa Kermanshah Univ Med Sci Imam Khomeini & Mohammad Kermanshahi & Farabi Hosp Clin Res Dev Ctr Dept Psychiat Kermanshah *** Iran Kermanshah Univ Med Sci Hlth Inst Subst Abuse Prevent Res Ctr Kermanshah Iran

Backgroundcognitive dysfunctions are common in patients with primary psychosis disorder (PPD) and substance-induced psychotic disorder (SIPD), and this problem is very important in the course of their treatment and relapse. The present research was done to study the cognitive functions in the patients suffering from PPD compared to the patients with *** this analytical study, the study population included all patients admitted to Farabi Hospital, Kermanshah, Iran, diagnosed with PPD and SIPD, whose cognitive functions were compared using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and Verbal Fluency Test (VFT).ResultsOnly the mean number of words in the first list that the patient was unable to identify (Miss) distinguished the two groups in terms of the mean RAVLT scores. Due to the number of accurate answers in the SDMT and the speed of visual search, there was no discernible difference between the PPD and SIPD groups. The results showed a significant difference between the two groups due to the total number of correct VFT word in two parts of letters and *** results of the present study can be used in the treatment and rehabilitation of PPD and SIPD patients.

关键词： cognitive functions primary psychosis disorder substance-induced psychosis disorder

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Impact of window views on cognitive functions and perceived comfort in healthcare environments

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BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT 2025年 270卷

作者： Elnaklah, Rana Alwaer, Husam Al Ahliyya Amman Univ Fac Architecture & Design Dept Architecture Engn Amman 19111 Jordan Univ Dundee Sch Art & Design Architecture & Urban Planning Dundee DD1 4HN Scotland

Integrating natural elements into built environments has enhanced comfort and well-being. Healthcare environments with unique requirements for infection control, patient privacy, and hygiene present a distinct context. By connecting occupants to the outdoors, windows play a crucial role in fostering a more restorative and cognitively supportive healthcare environment. This study investigates the impact of different window views on cognitive functions and perceived comfort related to indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in healthcare spaces during the cooling season. A sample of 133 participants, including healthcare providers and inpatients, were recruited from eight healthcare buildings in Amman, Jordan. Self-administered surveys assessed comfort perception, while continuous physical measures recorded indoor temperature, relative humidity, and CO2. A standardised objective test evaluated participants' cognitive abilities across five aspects: short-term memory, language, attention, executive function, and visuospatial skills. Findings revealed that participants exposed to natural views reported significantly higher comfort perception of IEQ and cognitive functions than those in rooms without windows or with urban views. Patients consistently reported lower comfort perception and cognitive function than healthcare providers across all window view types. Regression analysis indicated a positive correlation between comfort perception and cognitive function for patients (R2 = 0.6) and healthcare providers (R2 = 0.75). In patient rooms, 20 % of monitored temperatures fell below 19 degrees C, suggesting potential overcooling. The originality of this paper lies in a desire to highlight the importance of window view considerations in healthcare settings, offering insights into improving comfort perception and supporting cognitive functions in both patients and healthcare providers.

关键词： Indoor environmental quality Healthcare environments cognitive functions Well-being Perceived comfort Jordan

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How Does Virtual Reality Training Affect Reaction Time and Eye-Hand Coordination? The Impact of Short- and Long-Term Interventions on cognitive functions in Amateur Esports Athletes

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APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2025年第8期15卷

作者： Lachowicz, Maciej Serweta-Pawlik, Anna Konopka-Lachowicz, Alicja Jamro, Dariusz Zurek, Grzegorz Wroclaw Univ Hlth & Sport Sci Dept Biol Fdn Phys Act PL-51612 Wroclaw Poland Wroclaw Univ Hlth & Sport Sci Dept Fundamentals Physiotherapy & Occupat Therapy PL-51612 Wroclaw Poland Fizjohome Rehabil PL-53201 Wroclaw Poland Gen Tadeusz Kosciuszko Mil Univ Land Forces Dept Phys Educ & Sport PL-51150 Wroclaw Poland

This study investigates the efficacy of VR-based cognitive training using the game Beat Saber in enhancing cognitive functions in amateur e-athletes. Participants were divided into two groups, undergoing either 8-day or 28-day training. Significant improvements were observed in reaction time (RT) and eye-hand coordination (EHC) for both groups. Notably, cognitive gains in EHC were maintained over time, indicating the durability of training effects. The lack of significant differences between the short-term and long-term training outcomes suggests that even brief, intensive VR training can lead to substantial cognitive improvements, potentially obviating the need for extended training periods. The findings underscore the potential of immersive VR games like Beat Saber as effective tools for cognitive training. This study also highlights the relevance of VR technology beyond entertainment, demonstrating its application in cognitive enhancement. Given the rising popularity of esports and VR, integrating such technologies into cognitive training programs offers a promising avenue for improving cognitive functions in younger populations familiar with virtual environments. The results suggest that VR-based interventions can enhance cognitive functions which are crucial for both competitive esports and general cognitive functioning, making VR a versatile tool in various training contexts. Further research is recommended to explore the generalizability of these findings to other VR games and different populations.

关键词： virtual reality esports reaction time eye-hand coordination cognitive functions

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Smartphone video games for cognitive functions and negative symptoms in male with chronic schizophrenia: A randomized controlled trial

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Heliyon 2025年第3期11.0卷 e42049页

作者： Wang, Wenhui Ye, Mengting Zhong, Yongjie Zhang, Miaomiao Wang, Yue Chen, Chuanchuan Yao, Yitan Feng, Ziqiao Yuan, Xiaoping Shi, Shenya Zhou, Xiaoqin Zhang, Kai Department of Psychiatry Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei China Anhui Psychiatric Center Anhui Medical University Hefei China School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences Anhui Medical University Hefei China

Background: Video games have been extensively examined as a promising and innovative approach for addressing various psychiatric disorders. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of smartphone video games on cognitive functions, psychiatric symptoms and overall functioning in male with chronic schizophrenia. Methods: We conducted a 6-week randomized controlled trial to compare the cognitive function, psychotic symptoms, overall functioning, and other outcomes of schizophrenic patients who engaged in smartphone video games (game group) with those who watched television programs (control group). We recruited schizophrenic patients who met the eligibility criteria from July 2021 to February 2022. The primary outcomes were the comparisons of various clinical scores between the two groups at baseline before interventions, the third and sixth weeks of the interventions, and the third and sixth weeks following the completion of interventions. Results: Comparing the scores of the RBANS, PANSS, and GAF scales between the two groups, smartphone video games improved cognitive function, negative symptoms, and overall functioning. However, GSE and PHQ-9 scores did not reveal significant differences between the two groups. While there was a significant difference in PMGQ scores between the two groups, neither group reached the threshold for game addiction. Conclusions: In this study, we emphasize the improvements of cognitive functions, psychiatric symptoms and overall functioning that brought by smartphone video games in male with chronic schizophrenia. Our findings indicate the need for more extensive research, future research should address what mechanisms of action underlie these effects of video games. Trial registration: This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100044113) and registered on 11/3/21. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： cognitive functions Negative symptoms Overall functioning Schizophrenia Video games

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cognitive functions in abstinent alcohol-dependent patients

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ALCOHOL 2012年第7期46卷 665-671页

作者： Kopera, Maciej Wojnar, Marcin Brower, Kirk Glass, Jennifer Nowosad, Izabela Gmaj, Bartlomiej Szelenberger, Waldemar Med Univ Warsaw Dept Psychiat PL-00665 Warsaw Poland Univ Michigan Dept Psychiat Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to compare cognitive functioning of abstaining alcohol-dependent (AD) male patients and healthy controls as well as to investigate whether their cognitive performance varied by abstinence length. Forty-two maintaining abstinent (AD) patients and 34 healthy controls were examined. Tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CAM-AB) were used to assess cognitive functions. Differences in cognitive performance were found between AD patients and healthy controls. Nonverbal tasks in cognitive domains such as attention, visual memory and working memory were impaired in AD patients who presented deficits in visual episodic memory, had slower reaction time and reduced working memory span. Patients who were abstinent for less than one year made more errors in both attentional set shifting and working memory tests than healthy controls and patients with longer durations of abstinence. Impairments identified in multiple cognitive domains in abstinent alcohol-dependent subjects suggest functional deficits in extensive brain networks connecting interrelated brain structures. Attentional control and spatial working memory were less impaired in those AD patients who maintained abstinence for at least one year. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： cognitive functions Neuropsychology Alcohol dependence Abstinence length

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cognitive functions and neuropsychological status of medical students with different attitudes to alcohol use: A study conducted at the Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Belarus

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PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR 2014年 128卷 108-113页

作者： Welcome, Menizibeya O. Razvodovsky, Yury E. Pereverzeva, Elena V. Pereverzev, Vladimir A. Belarusian State Med Univ Dept Normal Physiol Minsk 220116 BELARUS Grodno State Med Univ Cent Sci Res Lab Grodno 230009 BELARUS Belarusian State Med Univ Dept Propaedeut Internal Med Minsk 220116 BELARUS

This article presents findings on the effects of alcohol use on cognitive performance, functional (well-being, activity, mood) and neuropsychological status and anxiety levels of medical students. A total of 265 medical students (107 males and 158 females) from the Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk (Belarus) were administered questionnaire, containing the AUDIT, CAGE, MAST, and PAS, and other alcohol related questions. Academic Performance questionnaire was administered together with other tests. For analysis of cognitive functions, a "correction probe" test was used. The number of students who reported consumption of alcohol was 74 males and 142 females. Medical students who reported alcohol consumption had lower cognitive performance and academic success, poor self-assessment of their functional and neuropsychological states, compared to the non-alcohol users. The results of this study suggest an inverse dose-dependent relationship between alcohol consumption, and cognitive functions, academic performance and neuropsychological status of medical students. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Alcohol cognitive functions Academic performance Neuropsychological status Medical students

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cognitive functions after surgery and stenting for extracranial stenosis of the carotid artery

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NERVENARZT 2008年第12期79卷 1424-+页

作者： Jansen, C. Ringleb, P. Boeckler, D. Hartmann, M. Hacke, W. Klinikum Ruprecht Karls Univ Neurol Klin Abt Neuroradiol D-69120 Heidelberg Germany Klinikum Ruprecht Karls Univ Klin Gefasschirurg Vaskulare & Endovaskulare Chir D-69120 Heidelberg Germany

Background. This prospective, controlled, randomised study evaluates differences concerning cognitive functions between carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and stent-protected angioplasty (CAS) as a treatment for symptomatic carotid stenosis. Both techniques include risks whose effect on neuropsychological abilities remains yet unknown. Methods. Twenty-seven patients suffering from high-grade symptomatic carotid stenosis underwent neuropsychological testing before, 1 month, and 6 months after treatment. After the first testing patients were randomly assigned for CEA (n = 10) or CAS (n = 17) as treatment. The patients' cognitive functions were compared to those of 13 healthy controls. Results. Whether patients underwent CEA or CAS made no difference in the neuropsychological outcome 4 weeks and 6 months after treatment. Patients always performed worse than the healthy controls. Conclusion. Both techniques seem to have no different effect on cognitive functions.

关键词： Carotid artery stenosis Endarterectomy Carotid artery stenting Neuropsychology cognitive functions

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cognitive functions in Parkinson's disease: Relation to disease severity and hallucination

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PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS 2014年第4期20卷 415-420页

作者： Wakamori, Takaaki Agari, Takashi Yasuhara, Takao Kameda, Masahiro Kondo, Akihiko Shinko, Aiko Sasada, Susumu Sasaki, Tatsuya Furuta, Tomohisa Date, Isao Okayama Univ Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci Dept Neurol Surg Okayama 7008558 Japan Kibi Int Univ Dept Psychol Okayama Japan

Objective: We wished to relate severity of Parkinson's disease (PD) with cognitive function in relation to cerebral blood flow (CBF). Methods: Eighty-one consecutive PD patients were enrolled in this study. We used Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third edition (WAIS-III) to evaluate cognitive functions, and three-dimensional stereotactic ROI template (3DSRT) and Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) 8 to evaluate single photon emission CT (SPECT) recordings of regional CBF. Results: The mean MMSE score of PD patients was 27.4 +/- 2.4. The scores of most patients were higher than 23/30. On the other hand, the mean Full-scale IQ of PD patients was 88.4 +/- 17.3 in WAIS-III, which was lower than that of normal controls. In particular, visuospatial function score of most patients was lower. There was significant correlation between cognitive scores and Hoehn & Yahr stage and hallucinatory episodes. PD Patients with stage III and IV showed significant deterioration in cognitive functions compared to stage II patients. Analysis of CBF revealed relative reductions in perfusion in the cerebral cortex relative to that in normal control. SPM 8 showed that cognitive functions in PD patients were positively correlated with rCBF in the thalamus and cingulate gyrus. Conclusions: This is the study to demonstrate the cognitive impairments in PD patients using WAIS-III. Visuospatial dysfunction might be caused by decrease in rCBF in the parietal and occipital lobes and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The severity of cognitive impairments in PD patients was correlated with disease severity and hallucinatory episodes. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Parkinson's disease cognitive functions Disease severity Hallucinations SPECT

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cognitive functions and cognitive styles in young euthymic patients with bipolar I disorder

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JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS 2013年第1期151卷 369-377页

作者： Fakhry, Hala El Ghonemy, Soheir H. Salem, Afra Cairo Univ Fac Med Dept Psychiat Cairo Egypt Ain Shams Univ Fac Med Dept Neuropsychiat Cairo Egypt Sharjah Kuwaiti Hosp Dept Psychiat Sharjah U Arab Emirates

Background: Recent evidences suggest that bipolar disorder patients do not return to premorbid functioning levels during the inter-episode periods. cognitive deficits may impair patients working and functioning status and may also have negative impact on other aspects of thinking. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction in patients with bipolar disorder in euthymic state and to explore any evident cognitive style problems. Method: Case-control naturalistic study 60 patients with bipolar l disorder in euthymic state according to DSM-IV were recruited and subdivided into two groups each contains of 30 patients;(Group BPM) euthymic patients with recent manic episode, and Group BPD euthymic patients with recent depressive episode. Both groups were further compared with control group (Group C) consisted of 30 frequency matched healthy volunteers. Groups were subjected to the following: 1-clinical psychiatric examination, 2-Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17) and Bech-Rafaelsen Melancholia Scale (MES) for patients' group (BPD), 3-Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Bech-Rafaelsen Mania Scale (MAS) for patients' group (BPM), 4-assessment of euthymic state of mood included both MAS and IVIES, 5-MMSE, MTS and CDT were performed to assess cognitive functions, 6-cognitive styles evaluation included Fear of Failure, Hopelessness Scale, (the Social Dysfunction and Aggression Scale SDAS-9 and Arabic Anger Scale. Results: Definite cognitive function impairment and different patterns of cognitive style were detected in case groups. MMSE, MTS and CDT scores were statistically significant. Fear of Failure Scale Scores were higher in BPM;16 (53.33%) reported severe intensity compared to 16 (53.33%) of BPD Group reporting moderate intensity and 30(100%) of the control group reporting only mild intensity of fear of failure with statistically significant differences. Although patients were in euthymic state;Hopelessness Scale discriminated between those with affecti

关键词： cognitive functions cognitive styles Bipolar affective disorder

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cognitive functions mediate the effect of preterm birth on mathematics skills in young children

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CHILD NEUROPSYCHOLOGY 2020年第6期26卷 834-856页

作者： Adrian, Julia Anna Bakeman, Roger Akshoomoff, Natacha Haist, Frank Univ Calif San Diego Dept Cognit Sci San Diego CA 92093 USA Univ Calif San Diego Ctr Human Dev San Diego CA 92093 USA Georgia State Univ Dept Psychol Univ Plaza Atlanta GA 30303 USA Univ Calif San Diego Dept Psychiat San Diego CA 92093 USA

Children born preterm are at risk for cognitive deficits and lower academic achievement. Notably, mathematics achievement is generally most affected. Here, we investigated the cognitive functions mediating early mathematics skills and how these are impacted by preterm birth. Healthy children born preterm (gestational age at birth < 33 weeks;n = 51) and children born full term (n = 27) were tested at ages 5, 6, and 7 years with a comprehensive battery of tests. We categorized items of the TEMA-3: Test for Early Mathematics Abilities Third Edition into number skills and arithmetic skills. Using multiple mediation models, we assessed how the effect of preterm birth on mathematics skills is mediated by spatial working memory, inhibitory control, visual-motor integration, and phonological processing. Both number and arithmetic skills showed group differences, but with different developmental trajectories. The initial performance gap observed in the preterm children decreased over time for number skills but increased for arithmetic skills. Phonological processing, visual-motor integration, and inhibitory control were poorer in children born preterm. These cognitive functions, particularly phonological processing, had a mediating effect on both types of mathematics skills. These findings help define and chart the trajectory of the specific cognitive skills directly influencing math deficit phenotypes in children born very preterm. This knowledge provides guidance for targeted evaluation and treatment implementation.

关键词： Preterm birth mathematics cognitive functions phonological processing mediation development

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