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Conference on Human Vision & Electronic Imaging

作者： Derefeldt, G Westlund, J Skinnars, O Alfredsson, J Andersson, P Holmberg, J Eriksson, L Berggrund, U Santesson, R Saab Aerosp Linkoping Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)081942739X

Three color schemes (monochrome, dichrome, and polychrome) based on basic principles for color perception and cognition were optimized and applied to an electronic map in a horizontal-situation display. Principles for color discrimination, symbol coding, and color naming were applied for the super-imposed symbols (targets, waypoints etc) and for the map symbology (land, water, roads). The color codes were tested in a visual search and detection experiment in a real-time simulation in an air-to-air mission with test pilots as subjects. The simulation task was as close as possible to a real-life situation. The pilots had to track a maneuvering target within specified limits. Reaction times for target detection were recorded. After the simulation, the test pilots gave a subjective estimation of the different color schemes. They also estimated them according to situation awareness using a rating technique on cognitive compatibility (CC-SART). All the results, both the objective and the subjective show that color schemes are advantageous in comparison to the monochrome code. The reactions times were significantly lower for the chromatic color codes. The estimated situation awareness was higher for the chromatic schemes and the subjects gave higher preferences to the chromatic codes.

关键词： human factors aviation moving map cockpit displays horizontal-situation displays electronic maps color coding

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A Robust and Accurate Structured Light Pattern for Dynamic 3D Reconstruction 13

A Robust and Accurate Structured Light Pattern for Dynamic 3...

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13th International Conference on Digital Image Processing (ICDIP)

作者： Zhao, Xiangyu Mai, Songping Tsinghua Univ Div Informat Sci & Technol Shenzhen Int Grad Sch Shenzhen 518000 Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Dept Elect Engn Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

ISBN: (数字)9781510646018

ISBN: (纸本)9781510646018

A new method based on single shot using color coded image sequence for 3D reconstruction is proposed. The previous spatial neighborhood coding methods often need to determine the center of the pattern, but inaccurate positioning of pattern feature points will bring errors to 3D reconstruction. In this paper, a color-coded pattern is designed as two opposite triangular patterns to directly establish the center point of the pattern, thus avoiding the error caused by the inaccurate positioning of the center point after the pattern distortion. We designed a corner detector for our feature point detection, it is efficient and accurate. The pattern is coded in four colors of red, blue, green and pale yellow. We use a quaternary sixth order primitive polynomial to generate the pseudorandom sequence, which is then regenerated into the M-array. The final size of the code pattern is 65x63, and the unique code window size is 2x3. Experiments show that the 3D reconstruction owns high measurement precision and the decoding has strong robustness.

关键词： Structured light 3D reconstruction pseudo-random pattern color coding spatial neighborhood coding

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BENEFITS ANALYSIS OF A ROUTING AID FOR NEW YORK AREA DEPARTURES

BENEFITS ANALYSIS OF A ROUTING AID FOR NEW YORK AREA DEPARTU...

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29th Digital Avionics Systems Conference on Improving Our Environment through Green Avionics and ATM Solutions

作者： DeArmon, James Jackson, Claude Bateman, Hilton Song, Lixia Brown, Philip Mitre Corp Ctr Adv Aviat Syst Dev Mclean VA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424466177

The New York area is well-known to have some of the most congested airspace and airports in the U. S. National Airspace System (NAS). The challenge to air traffic management results from high demand, proximity of busy airports, and occasional disruptive weather events. A prototype capability called Integrated Departure Route Planning (IDRP) is being tested this year (2010), in its "Phase 1" version. It will be an adjunct capability to the Route Availability Planning Tool (RAPT), developed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Lincoln Laboratory (MIT/LL), which has been used successfully in a prototype mode for several years. The IDRP display windows will be output onto the RAPT terminal device, which is now installed at the New York approach control, several en route centers, multiple towers, and several air carrier operations desks. IDRP provides a forecast horizon of fix- and route-specific loading for New York departures, with color-coding to alert traffic managers about fix congestion and possible weather impacts. Whereas the RAPT display shows route blockage/availability and is useful only in situations of convective weather, IDRP should have benefits during both good weather and convective activity. A benefits estimation process was undertaken to approximate the total annual dollar benefit that might be expected from the full deployment of IDRP (which is some years away) to deal with non-weather-related congestion. Analysis of archived data found cases where fix congestion, and the associated taxi-out delays could have been ameliorated by reassigning affected flights to uncongested alternate fixes, subject to airline acceptance.

关键词： IDRP display Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Lincoln Laboratory New York area departures RAPT display RAPT terminal device US national airspace system air traffic air traffic management aircraft displays airports airports alert traffic managers color coding integrated departure route planning nonweather related congestion route availability planning tool

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Comparing Design Preference of Guide Road Signs by Native Arabic Speakers and International Speakers in the State of Qatar

Comparing Design Preference of Guide Road Signs by Native Ar...

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IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM)

作者： Mahgoub, A. O. Choe, P. Qatar Univ Coll Engn Doha Qatar

ISBN: (纸本)9781538672204

Guide road signs are used to help drivers. These signs should be designed properly and provided effectively to maximize the transmitted information in a short time in driving. The design of guide road signs should be made carefully when multi-languages are used, which is the case of Qatar. To compare the preference of a guide road sign design between different language speakers, an online survey was conducted. Participants rated a design using a 7-Likert scale. They preferred road signs having a background of different colors and a vertical text layout. A group t-test was conducted for comparisons between native Arabic speakers and international speakers whose native language is not Arabic. The results showed that there is no significant difference between the two groups. Based on the result, the proposed design can be effectively used for all drivers regardless of their native language in Qatar.

关键词： color coding cross-language comparison guide road sign human factors information display road safety

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A Novel Signature Generation Approach in Noisy Environments for Detecting Polymorphic Worm 1

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9th International Conference on Security, Privacy, and Anonymity in Computation, Communication and Storage (SpaCCS)

作者： Wang, Jie Wu, Jie Cent South Univ Sch Informat Sci & Engn Changsha 410083 Hunan Peoples R China Temple Unvers Coll Sci & Technol Philadelphia PA 19122 USA

ISBN: (数字)9783319491486

ISBN: (纸本)9783319491486;9783319491479

Polymorphic worms can change their patterns dynamically, that makes the generation of worm signatures a challenging task. In noisy environments the task is more difficult. In this paper, we propose a novel approach CGNRS to generate worm neighborhood-relation signatures (NRS) from suspicious flow pool with noisy sequences. CGNRS divides n sequences into m groups and each group contains 20 sequences. CGNRS identifies worm sequences for each group by adopting color coding and computing NRS. Then all identified worm sequences are used to generate NRS. We have carried out extensive experiments to evaluate the quality of signatures generated by CGNRS. In comparison with signatures generated by existing approaches, the experiment results show that NRS generated by our approaches can be used to detect effectively polymorphic worm when the suspicious flow pool contains noise sequences.

关键词： Signature generation Polymorphic worm detection Neighborhood relation color coding Intrusion detection

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color coded ultrasonic differential velocity arterial scanner (Echoflow)

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Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 1978年第1期4卷 27-31,33-35页

作者： Curry, G.R. White, D.N. Kingston General Hospital Kingston Ont. Canada

A scanning system is described which is capable of making a two dimensional display of the blood flowing in arteries. It has been especially designed for display of the carotid bifurcation but can be adapted for other blood vessels. Normally it uses continuously generated energy and detects the Doppler shifted signals from the blood flowing in the arteries at peak velocity as the arterial pulse propagates through the segment of vessel being scanned. The system is directional so that flow in only a single direction with reference to the beam is displayed at any one time. The Doppler shifted signals reflected by the blood flowing at peak velocity are detected by filters with varying frequency ranges. Signals from each filter activated are color-coded. The color display is made from the filter activated by the highest Doppler frequency shifted signals. Thus the arteries are displayed by colors corresponding to the highest peak velocities in their segments. Stenotic areas where peak velocities will be greater than in non-stenosed regions will thus be displayed by colors differing from that used to represent normal peak velocities. These regions of increased peak velocities correlate reliably in 95% of cases with arterial stenoses occluding more than 74% of the arterial diameter. Occluded vessels which do not appear at their appropriate position on the image are also reliably displayed in 95% of cases. The display of normal carotid bifurcations by normal colors in the Doppler scan is also reliable in 93% of cases but the display of slightly increased velocities may result from haemodynamic causes as often as from localized small stenoses. © 1978.

关键词： Blood flowmeter Carotid bifurcation scanner color coding Doppler scanning system Doppler shifts Occlusive vascular disease

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Reduced Complexity Embedded 3-D Wavelet Video coding

Reduced Complexity Embedded 3-D Wavelet Video Coding

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International Symposium on Telecommunications

作者： Moinuddin, Athar Ali Khan, Ekram Ghanbari, Mohammed Univ Essex Dept Comp & Elect Syst Colchester CO4 3SQ Essex England Aligarh Muslim Univ Dept Elect Engn Aligarh Uttar Pradesh India

ISBN: (纸本)9781424427505

We propose an embedded 3-D wavelet based video coding technique with reduced complexity. The key idea is the use of a composite block-tree hierarchical structure to link blocks of wavelet coefficients in spatial, temporal and color planes in such a way that a large number of the insignificant sets are coded together. The proposed technique integrates the set partitioning strategies of hierarchical trees and blocks into a single algorithm, resulting in improvement in the coding efficiency and reduction in the computational complexity. Simulation results show the performance improvement in coding efficiency and up to 50% reduction in the computational complexity over the 3-D SPIHT video coder.

关键词： Video coding 3-D wavelet video coding color coding

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Faster Algorithms for k-SUBSET SUM and Variations 15th

Faster Algorithms for k-SUBSET SUM and Variations

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15th International Frontiers of Algorithmics Workshop (FAW) / Game Theory in Blockchain Track Conference / 2nd International Joint Conference on Theoretical Computer Science (IJTCS)

作者： Antonopoulos, Antonis Pagourtzis, Aris Petsalakis, Stavros Vasilakis, Manolis Natl Tech Univ Athens Polytechnioupoli Sch Elect & Comp Engn Zografos 15780 Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9783030970994;9783030970987

We present new, faster pseudopolynomial time algorithms for the k-SUBSET SUM problem, defined as follows: given a set Z of n positive integers and k targets t(1), ... , t(k), determine whether there exist k disjoint subsets Z(1), ... , Z(k) subset of Z, such that Sigma(Z(i)) = t(i), for i = 1, ... , k. Assuming t = max{t(1), ... , t(k)} is the maximum among the given targets, a standard dynamic programming approach based on Bellman's algorithm [3] can solve the problem in O(nt(k)) time. We build upon recent advances on SUBSET SUM due to Koiliaris and Xu [1 6] and Bringmann [1] in order to provide faster algorithms for k-SUBSET SUM. We devise two algorithms: a deterministic one of time complexity (O) over tilde (n(k)/((k+1))t(k)) and a randomised one of (O) over tilde (n + t(k)) complexity. We further demonstrate how these algorithms can be used in order to cope with variations of k-SUBSET SUM, namely SUBSET SUM RATIO, k-SUBSET SUM RATIO and MULTIPLE SUBSET SUM.

关键词： SUBSET SUM FFT color coding MULTIPLE SUBSET SUM MULTIPLE KNAPSACK k-SUBSET SUM Pseudopolynomial Algorithms

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color tomography for 3-D fluid density inversion

Color tomography for 3-D fluid density inversion

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Conference on Optical Techniques in Fluid, Thermal, and Combustion Flow

作者： Zhang, X UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGMS 0230LA JOLLACA 92093

ISBN: (纸本)0819419052

The optical method of imaging fluid surface gradient is extended to measure multiple fluid interfaces of refractive index changes. The density of a fluid is a function of the fluid's refractive index. This method may be applied to the study of such flows that are associated with density changes caused by either compressibility, thermal effects, or mixing of fluids of different densities. A lens is used to transform the rays of an optical light source into a series of colored parallel light beams by passing the light through a slide of 2D color patterns at the focal planes of the lens. This system of parallel light beams is used to illuminate through the test section of a fluid volume. The out- going rays of refracted light of different directions are instantaneous recorded by multiple cameras located far away from the test section. The different camera captures different light rays. To observed colors of rays provide measurements of the total volume refraction of the rays. According to ray tracing equations, the images of total fluid volume refraction are then used to estimate the fluid isopycnal surfaces. The color tomography proposed here inverts fluid isopycnal surfaces through the measurements of integrated volume refraction rather than the traditional radiological tomography which studies the body properties through measuring the absorption in the ray-path, or seismic and ocean acoustic tomography which inverts the properties of earth or ocean water body by detecting the travel times of rays between sources and receivers.

关键词： fluid measurement 3-D inversion tomography gradient detector shadowgraph Schlieren optics color coding ray tracing isopycnal surface stereo photography

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Feeling a little blue: Problems with the symbol color blue for see-through displays and an alternative color solution

Feeling a little blue: Problems with the symbol color blue f...

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Conference on Degraded Environments - Sensing, Processing, and Display

作者： Moffitt, Kirk Browne, Michael P. 79245 Camino Oro La Quinta CA 92253 USA SA Photonics 120 Knowles Dr Los Gatos CA 95032 USA

ISBN: (数字)9781510617964

ISBN: (纸本)9781510617964

The color blue is problematic for inclusion in a symbology color set for use by operators with head-up and helmetmounted displays (HUDs and HMDs), as well as with augmented reality (AR) displays. The distinguishing feature of these see-through displays is the optical combiner that presents color-coded symbology combined with the forward realworld scene. Unlike head-down displays that can use color fills, see-through displays are limited to lines and text. The presence of high-ambient daylight can desaturate symbol colors and make them difficult to recognize. This is especially true for blue symbols that become faint and colorless in moderate daylight as well as when mixed with green nightvision imagery. We propose the alternative color blue prime (blue')-a mix of 100% blue and 50% green that lies between blue and cyan-as an alternative to blue. The color blue' is more resistant to daylight than blue, yet still retains the color name "blue." Blue' lags other colors such as green and white in visibility, and its use needs to be moderated. We present experimental data to support the use of blue' as a basic color code.

关键词： color coding symbology text helmet-mounted display head-up display visibility tolerance color naming text legibility color set blue prime

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