In 1998, Yang Bingqing went to America with her husband and finally acquired her bachelor degree in California State *** graduation, Yang Bingqing took part in many
In 1998, Yang Bingqing went to America with her husband and finally acquired her bachelor degree in California State *** graduation, Yang Bingqing took part in many
According to the process of the second language acquisition,the study of English pronunciation for Chinese students must be influenced by the native *** paper focuses on the analysis of the pronunciation problems that...
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According to the process of the second language acquisition,the study of English pronunciation for Chinese students must be influenced by the native *** paper focuses on the analysis of the pronunciation problems that Chinese students *** differences between English and Chinese pronunciation were analyzed in detail,and from this analysis some proper solutions for teaching such problems were proposed.
Aim To evaluate the role of coaggregation between Porphyromonas gingivalis and fusobacterium nucleatum on the virulence of the mixed infection in mice. Materials and methods Inhibition of coaggregation was carried out...
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Aim To evaluate the role of coaggregation between Porphyromonas gingivalis and fusobacterium nucleatum on the virulence of the mixed infection in mice. Materials and methods Inhibition of coaggregation was carried out using lactose. In vitro, inhibition of coaggregation was verified using a coaggregation assay. In vivo, the virulence of the mixed infection, with and without coaggregation, was examined in a model of experimental periodontitis in mice. The local host response to the mixed infection, with or without coaggregation, was examined using the subcutaneous chamber model of infection. Results Lactose inhibited the coaggregation between P. gingivalis and f. nucleatum at all the tested concentrations (10.0625 M). Surprisingly, the addition of lactose to the mixed infection increased the severity of experimental periodontitis (as measured by alveolar bone loss) compared with mixed infection with coaggregating bacteria. The addition of lactose to the mixed infection resulted in mild attenuation of TNfa and IL-1 beta levels. In addition, inhibition of coaggregation resulted in inhibition of the phagocytosis off. nucleatum and augmentation of the phagocytosis of P. gingivalis. Conclusions The ability of P. gingivalis and f. nucleatum to coaggregate may limit their ability to induce experimental periodontitis in a mixed infection model. Moreover, there is a shift in the phagocytosis pattern of the bacteria with the annulment of coaggregeaiton, with a reduction in f. nucleatum phagocytosis and amplification of P. gingivalis phagocytosis. The increased virulence of the mixed infection without coaggregation may surprisingly lay in the sustention off. nucleatum in the infected sites.
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