The kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of nitrous acid (HONO) with f atoms have been studied using the mass spectrometric discharge-flow method at 298 K and at a total pressure of 130 Pa of helium. The rate coeffi...
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The kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of nitrous acid (HONO) with f atoms have been studied using the mass spectrometric discharge-flow method at 298 K and at a total pressure of 130 Pa of helium. The rate coefficient of the reaction f + HONO --> products (1) was measured under pseudo-first order conditions from the kinetics of HONO decay in excess off atoms: k(1) = (5.4 +/- 1.1) x 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) (quoted uncertainty includes estimated systematic errors). NO2 was detected as a product of reaction (1) and the reaction f + HONO --> Hf + NO2 (1 a) was found to be the main (if not unique) channel of reaction (1) under the experimental conditions of the study (k(1a)/k(1) = 1.0 +/- 0.1 (+/-2sigma)). These results indicate that reaction (1) can be a suitable titration reaction for the measurements of the absolute HONO concentrations under laboratory conditions. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Transparent conductive film (TCf) is a material that integrates electrical conductivity and optical transparency. It is widely used as an electrode material in thin-film solar cells. However, considerable progress is ...
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Transparent conductive film (TCf) is a material that integrates electrical conductivity and optical transparency. It is widely used as an electrode material in thin-film solar cells. However, considerable progress is needed to facilitate its high performance and low-cost preparation. In this study, a preparation scheme for Alf3 and Gaf3 co-doped ZnO (fAGZO) thin films was designed and implemented by magnetron sputtering (MS). The mutual restraint between the electrical properties and the wide spectrum transmission performance of ZnO films was resolved. first-principles calculations showed that the doped ZnO system had n-type conductivity and that the most stable structure was the fO-AlZn-GaZn system. The experimental results verified the theoretical predictions. Single crystalline ZnO transparent conducting films (ZnO-TCfs) of high quality were achieved by MS. After rapid thermal annealing (RTA) treatment, the mobility reached 49.6 cm2/V s, and the resistivity decreased to 3.82 x 10-4 omega cm. The AT was 90% between 380 and 1200 nm. furthermore, the application of the prepared fAGZO film in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been verified. Compared to the reference indium tin oxide film, the PSCs using the fAGZO film showed higher JSC and power conversion efficiency. These results demonstrate that MS combined with anion and cation co-doping provides an effective means of exploring high-quality and high-performance ZnO-TCfs.
In this study, a new approach to predicting the ability of a hydrometallurgical process to simultaneously remove metal(loid)s, pentachlorophenol (PCP), and polychlorodibenzodioxins and furans (PCDD/f) from contaminate...
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In this study, a new approach to predicting the ability of a hydrometallurgical process to simultaneously remove metal(loid)s, pentachlorophenol (PCP), and polychlorodibenzodioxins and furans (PCDD/f) from contaminated soil is developed. The remediation process consisted of attrition and alkaline leaching steps applied for the coarse (> 0.250 mm) and fine (< 0.250 mm) fractions, respectively. first, a contaminant granulometric distribution-CGD model was established from granulo-chemical analyses performed on 5 selected sampling points collected from the contaminated site to estimate the levels of metallic and organic (PCP, PCDD/f) contamination in the coarse (> 0.250 mm) and fine (< 0.250 mm) fractions of the entire sample (24) and reduce the analytical costs. The accuracy of the CGD model for each contaminant in both fractions was then evaluated by cross-validation. The CGD model, sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS), and linear regression analyses were combined to predict the ability of the attrition and leaching processes applied to the coarse (> 0.250 mm) and fine (< 0.250 mm) soil fractions to simultaneously remove As, PCP, and PCDD/ffrom contaminated soil, respectively. The results showed that the attrition process could effectively remove the contaminants below the regulation standards to allow the industrial use of the rehabilitated site, as the coarse fraction represents an average proportion of 84 +/- 2% of the total soil. However, the leaching process was ineffective in decontaminating the fine fraction (< 0.250 mm), which represented an average proportion of 14 +/- 1% of the total soil. Based on these results, the most suitable strategy for this site can be established and a methodological reference for similar studies in risk assessment can be provided.
alpha-Al2O3(0 0 0 1) single crystals have been investigated using cathodoluminescence (CL) technique and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The main luminescent centres such as f, f+ or Cr3+ activated during the irrad...
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alpha-Al2O3(0 0 0 1) single crystals have been investigated using cathodoluminescence (CL) technique and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The main luminescent centres such as f, f+ or Cr3+ activated during the irradiation of crystals by electrons of 4 keV energy were detected and discussed. CL intensity is shown to be highly dependent on both synthesis conditions and thermal annealing treatments. The air-annealing treatments at high temperature (1700degreesC reduce considerably the concentration of defects inducing a constant evolution of CL-signal of the band located at 330 nm attributed to f+ defects. On the contrary, crystals not annealed enough display a large increase of the f+ CL-signal during the electron irradiation. The f+ emission is also observed to be very sensitive to electron dose. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
In this thesis, TiO2 was first prepared by one-step hydrothermal method, then Hf was used as an f source, and TiO2 was treated by a DBD plasma reactor under an N-2 atmosphere, and the f/N co-modification of TiO2 was r...
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In this thesis, TiO2 was first prepared by one-step hydrothermal method, then Hf was used as an f source, and TiO2 was treated by a DBD plasma reactor under an N-2 atmosphere, and the f/N co-modification of TiO2 was realized. In the visible light catalytic degradation experiment of 60 mg/L methylene blue, the overall catalytic performance of the catalyst treated with DBD plasma for 80 min was the best, with a degradation rate of 91% in 10 min and 96% in 60 min. Result Indication: DBD plasma treatment did not affect the phase structure and morphology of TiO2, but formed surface defects and surface adsorption on its surface, and successfully doped two non-metallic elements, f and N, thereby enhancing the photocatalytic degradation activity.
Quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) calculations are employed for the reaction f + HO(0,0)→Hf + O based on the adiabatic potential energy surface (PES) of the ground 3A″triplet state. The average rotational alignment f...
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Quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) calculations are employed for the reaction f + HO(0,0)→Hf + O based on the adiabatic potential energy surface (PES) of the ground 3A″triplet state. The average rotational alignment factor <P2(j′·k)> as a function of collision energy and the four polarization dependent generalized differential cross sections have been calculated in the center-of-mass (CM) frame, separately. The distribution P(θr) of the angle between k and j′, the distribution P(θr) of dihedral angle denoting k-k′-j′ correlation, and the angular distribution P(θr, Φr) of product rotational vectors in the form of polar plots are calculated as well. The effect of Heavy-Light-Heavy (HLH) mass combination and atom f’s relatively strong absorbability to charges on the alignment and the orientation of product molecule Hf rotational angular momentum vectors j′ is revealed.
In this paper, a reconfigurable multi-mode Class-AB/f power amplifier (PA) is proposed for 0.1-4.2 GHz multistandard applications. The PA operates in linear mode (class-AB) for variable-envelope modulated signals and ...
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In this paper, a reconfigurable multi-mode Class-AB/f power amplifier (PA) is proposed for 0.1-4.2 GHz multistandard applications. The PA operates in linear mode (class-AB) for variable-envelope modulated signals and switching mode (class-f) for constant-envelope modulated signals. The proposed linear mode PA design is suitable for multi-band LTE, IOT, WSN and multi-standard Rf transmitter, while switching mode PA design can be used in multi-band IOT-LPWA and BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) Rf transmitter. The proposed PA has a reconfigurable off-chip inter-stage and output matching networks over the specified frequency band, while the input stage is Complementary Current-Reuse common-gate with active shunt feedback configuration to achieve Ultra-Wideband (UWB) input matching. The proposed multi-mode PA is designed using a 130 nm CMOS process. Class-AB PA has a saturated output power of 23.5 dBm +/- 1 dB over 0.1-4.2 GHz, a power-added efficiency (PAE) of 41%, a third-order intercept point (OIP3) of 17 dBm, and adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) of - 29.3 dBc for LTE 15 MHz channel bandwidth. The maximum PAE of 62.1% under the class-f operation is achieved at output power of 24.5 dBm. The PA occupies 0.64 mm(2)of chip area, while the estimated off-chip area is 13.3 mm(2). The proposed PA consumes 164 mW, and 16 mW in class-AB and class-f, respectively.
The kinetics of the reactions off atoms with hydrogen and deuterium has been studied in a discharge flow reactor combined with an electron impact ionization quadrupole mass spectrometer at nearly 2 Torr total pressur...
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The kinetics of the reactions off atoms with hydrogen and deuterium has been studied in a discharge flow reactor combined with an electron impact ionization quadrupole mass spectrometer at nearly 2 Torr total pressure of helium and in the temperature range 220-960 K. The rate constant of the reaction f + H-2 -> Hf + H (1) was determined using both relative rate method (using reaction f + Br-2 as a reference) and absolute measurements, monitoring the kinetics off atom consumption in excess of H-2: k(1) = (1.24 +/- 0.09) x 10(-10) exp(-(507 +/- 23)/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The rate constant of the reaction f + D-2 -> Df + D (2) was measured under pseudo-first-order conditions in excess of D-2 over f atoms: k(2) = (8.47 +/- 0.42) x 10(-11) exp(-(670 +/- 16)/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) (the uncertainties on both k(1) and k(2) represent precision at the 2 sigma level, the estimated total uncertainty on the rate constants being 15% at all temperatures). The kinetic isotope effect measured independently, k(1)/k(2) = (1.58 +/- 0.05) x exp((131 +/- 2)/T), was found to be in excellent agreement (within 7% in the temperature range of the work, T = 220-960 K) with the ratio of k(1) to k(2) calculated with the Arrhenius expressions for k(1) and k(2) determined in the study. The kinetic data from the present work are discussed in comparison with previous measurements and theoretical calculations.
Combined with medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) and preparative high performance liquid chromatography (perp-HPLC), high speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) was applied for the separation and purifi...
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Combined with medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) and preparative high performance liquid chromatography (perp-HPLC), high speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) was applied for the separation and purification offlavone C-glycosides from the crude extract of leaves officus microcarpa L.f. HSCCC separation was performed on a two-phase solvent system composed of methyl tert- butyl ether-ethyl acetate -1-butanol-acetonitrile-0.1% aqueous trifluoroacetic acid at a volume ratio of 1:3:1:1:5. Partially resolved peak fractions from HSCCC separation were further purified by preparative HPLC. four well separated compounds were obtained and their purities were determined by HPLC. The purities of these peaks were 97.28%, 97.20%, 92.23%, and 98.40%. These peaks were characterized by ESI-MSn. According to the reference, they were identified as orientin (peak I), isovitexin-3''-O-glucopyranoside (peak II), isovitexin (peak III), and vitexin (peak IV), and yielded 1.2mg, 4.5mg, 3.3mg, and 1.8mg, respectively.
Since the three-dimensional (3D) analysis of linear induction motor (LIM) needs to consider the transverse end effect, the transverse magnetomotive force (m.m.f.) distribution model becomes significantly important. Th...
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Since the three-dimensional (3D) analysis of linear induction motor (LIM) needs to consider the transverse end effect, the transverse magnetomotive force (m.m.f.) distribution model becomes significantly important. This study investigates the influences of different transverse m.m.f. models on operating characteristics of double-sided LIMs, and it also develops a novel m.m.f. model. first, four types of hypothetical distribution models are put into a 3D analytical method that considers the longitudinal and transverse end effects. Second, variations of the thrust, lateral and vertical forces with the models are comprehensively investigated in the possible operating regions. Besides, the calculated results are validated by finite elements method results and measurements in a prototype double-sided linear induction motor (DLIM). finally, the model presented in this study can be considered as a kind of optimal model for analysing DLIMs, and comparisons with other models in each operating region are mentioned.
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