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Impact of modality and linguistic complexity during reading and listening tasks

NEUROimage 2007年第2期34卷 784-800页

作者： Jobard, G. Vigneau, M. Mazoyer, B. Tzourio-Mazoyer, N. Univ Caen CNRS UMR 6194 CEA Grp Imagerie Neurofonct F-14032 Caen France Univ Paris 05 F-75270 Paris 06 France Inst Univ Caen IRM CHU Caen Caen France

Reading and understanding speech are usually considered as different manifestations of a single cognitive ability, that of language. In this study, we were interested in characterizing the specific contributions of input modality and linguistic complexity on the neural networks involved when subjects understand language. We conducted an fMRI study during which 10 right-handed male subjects had to read and listen to words, sentences and texts in different runs. By comparing reading to listening tasks, we were able to show that the cerebral regions specifically recruited by a given modality were circumscribed to unimodal and associative unimodal cortices associated with the task, indicating that higher cognitive processes required by the task may be common to both modalities. Such cognitive processes involved a common phonological network as well as lexico-semantic activations as revealed by the conjunction between all reading and listening tasks. The restriction of modality -specificregions to their corresponding unimodal cortices was replicated when looking at brain areas showing a greater increase during the comprehension of more complex linguistic units than words (such as sentences and texts) for each modality. Finally, we discuss the possible roles of regions showing pure effect of linguistic complexity, such as the anterior part of the superior temporal gyros and the ventro-posterior part of the middle temporal gyrus that were activated for sentences and texts but not for isolated words, as well as a text-specific region found in the left posterior STS. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adolescent Adult Brain/physiology Brain Mapping Brain Mapping Humans image processing, computer-assisted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology Reading Speech/physiology Speech Perception/physiology

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PYRULARIA THIONIN BINDING TO AND THE ROLE OF TRYPTOPHAN-8 IN THE ENHANCEMENT OF PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE DOMAINS IN ERYTHROCYTE-MEMBRANES

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BIOCHEMISTRY 1993年第46期32卷 12283-12289页

作者： WANG, F NAISBITT, GH VERNON, LP GLASER, M UNIV ILLINOIS DEPT BIOCHEMURBANAIL 61801 BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV DEPT CHEMPROVOUT 84602

Pyrularia thionin is a small, strongly basic peptide which interacts readily with cellular and synthetic membranes. With cells it induces hemolysis, depolarizes the cellular membrane with an accompanying influx of Ca2+, and activates an endogenous phospholipase A2. Evidence points toward a binding site involving phosphatidylserine (PS). This study shows that addition of the peptide to erythrocyte membranes as well as to vesicles formed from phospholipids isolated from erythrocyte membranes causes an enhancement of phospholipid domains which are made visible by the use of fluorescence digital imaging microscopy with fluorescent derivatives of PS (NBD-PS) and phosphatidylcholine (NBD-PC). Addition of thionin caused a large increase in NBD-PS domains, with an accompanying enrichment of NBD-PC in another separate domain. Double-labeling experiments performed with a Texas Red derivative of thionin show that the peptide binds to the domain enriched in NBD-PS. P thionin inactivated by modification of Trp-8 with N-bromosuccinimide lost the ability to enhance PS domains, although it bound to the membrane with the same affinity as native P thionin. This shows that binding to the membrane is not in itself sufficient to cause the NBD-PS and NBD-PC redistribution into domains.

关键词： Animals Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides Cytotoxins/chemistry Erythrocyte Membrane/chemistry image processing, computer-assisted Membrane Fluidity Membrane Lipids/chemistry Microscopy, Fluorescence Phosphatidylcholines/chemistry Phosphatidylserines/chemistry Plant Proteins/chemistry Plant Proteins/metabolism Plants, Toxic Rabbits Tryptophan/chemistry

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Structure of Arp2/3 complex in its activated state and in actin filament branch junctions

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SCIENCE 2001年第5539期293卷 2456-2459页

作者： Volkmann, N Amann, KJ Stoilova-McPhie, S Egile, C Winter, DC Hazelwood, L Heuser, JE Li, R Pollard, TD Hanein, D Burnham Inst La Jolla CA 92037 USA Salk Inst Biol Studies Struct Biol Lab La Jolla CA 92037 USA Harvard Univ Sch Med Dept Cell Biol Boston MA 02115 USA Washington Univ Sch Med Dept Cell Biol St Louis MO 63110 USA

The seven-subunit Arp2/3 complex choreographs the formation of branched actin networks at the leading edge of migrating cells. When activated by Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASp), the Arp2/3 complex initiates actin filament branches from the sides of existing filaments. Electron cryomicroscopy and three-dimensional reconstruction of Acanthamoeba castellanil and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Arp2/3 complexes bound to the WASp carboxy-terminal domain reveal asymmetric, oblate ellipsoids. image analysis of actin branches indicates that the complex binds the side of the mother filament, and Arp2 and Arp3 (for actin-related protein) are the first two subunits of the daughter filament. Comparison to the actin-free, WASp-activated complexes suggests that branch initiation involves large-scale structural rearrangements within Arp2/3.

关键词： Acanthamoeba Actin-Related Protein 2 Actin-Related Protein 3 Actins/chemistry Actins/metabolism Animals Cryoelectron Microscopy Cytoskeletal Proteins Fourier Analysis Fourier Analysis image processing, computer-assisted Microfilaments/metabolism Microfilaments/ultrastructure Microscopy, Electron Models, Molecular Proteins/metabolism Saccharomyces cerevisiae Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein

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Machine learning for science: State of the art and future prospects

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SCIENCE 2001年第5537期293卷 2051-+页

作者： Mjolsness, E DeCoste, D CALTECH Jet Prop Lab Machine Learning Syst Grp Pasadena CA 91109 USA

Recent advances in machine learning methods, along with successful applications across a wide variety of fields such as planetary science and bioinformatics, promise powerful new tools for practicing scientists. This viewpoint highlights some useful characteristics of modern machine learning methods and their relevance to scientific applications. We conclude with some speculations on near-term progress and promising directions.

关键词： Algorithms Animals Artificial Intelligence Astronomical Phenomena Astronomy Cluster Analysis Computational Biology computer Simulation Gene Expression Profiling Gene Expression Regulation image processing, computer-assisted Neural Networks (computer) Physical Phenomena Physics Robotics

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Promotion of dendritic growth by CPG15, an activity-induced signaling molecule

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SCIENCE 1998年第5384期281卷 1863-1866页

作者： Nedivi, E Wu, GY Cline, HT Cold Spring Harbor Lab Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA

Activity-independent and activity-dependent mechanisms work in concert to regulate neuronal growth, ensuring the formation of accurate synaptic connections. CPG15, a protein regulated by synaptic activity, functions as a cell-surface growth-promoting molecule in vivo. In Xenopus laevis, CPG15 enhanced dendritic arbor growth in projection neurons, with no effect on interneurons. CPG15 controlled growth of neighboring neuron's through an intercellular signaling mechanism that requires, its glycosylphosphatidylinositol link. CPG15 may represent a new class of activity-regulated, membrane-bound, growth-promoting proteins that permit exquisite spatial and temporal control of neuronal structure.

关键词： Animals Dendrites/physiology Dendrites/ultrastructure Genetic Vectors Glycosylphosphatidylinositols/metabolism image processing, computer-assisted Interneurons/cytology Interneurons/physiology Ligands Membrane Proteins/genetics Membrane Proteins/metabolism Membrane Proteins/physiology Microscopy, Confocal Nerve Tissue Proteins Neuronal Plasticity Neurons/cytology Neurons/physiology Recombinant Proteins Signal Transduction Superior Colliculi/cytology Superior Colliculi/metabolism Vaccinia virus/genetics Vaccinia virus/physiology Xenopus laevis

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Tissue fixation prevents contamination of tritium-sensitive storage phosphor imaging plates

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BIOTECHNIQUES 1999年第3期26卷 432-434页

作者： Liberatore, GT Wong, JYF Krenus, D Jeffreys, BJ Porritt, MJ Howells, DW Austin & Repatriat Med Ctr Dept Neurol Heidelberg Vic 3084 Australia Bethold Australia Bundoora Vic Australia

No abstract available

关键词： Animals Artifacts Autoradiography/instrumentation Autoradiography/instrumentation Autoradiography/methods Autoradiography/methods Benzazepines/metabolism Benzazepines/pharmacology Brain/drug effects Brain/metabolism Dopamine Antagonists/metabolism Dopamine Antagonists/pharmacology Fixatives/pharmacology image processing, computer-assisted Male Mice Radioligand Assay Radioligand Assay Receptors, Dopamine D1/antagonists & inhibitors Receptors, Dopamine D1/metabolism Tissue Fixation Tissue Fixation Tritium

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Optical sectioning deep inside live embryos by selective plane illumination microscopy

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SCIENCE 2004年第5686期305卷 1007-1009页

作者： Huisken, J Swoger, J Del Bene, F Wittbrodt, J Stelzer, EHK European Mol Biol Lab D-69117 Heidelberg Germany

Large, living biological specimens present challenges to existing optical imaging techniques because of their absorptive and scattering properties. We developed selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM) to generate multidimensional images of samples up to a few millimeters in size. The system combines two-dimensional illumination with orthogonal camera-based detection to achieve high-resolution, optically sectioned imaging throughout the sample, with minimal photodamage and at speeds capable of capturing transient biological phenomena. We used SPIM to visualize all muscles in vivo in the transgenic Medaka line Arnie, which expresses green fluorescent protein in muscle tissue. We also demonstrate that SPIM can be applied to visualize the embryogenesis of the relatively opaque Drosophila melanogaster in vivo.

关键词： Anatomy, Cross-Sectional Animals Animals, Genetically Modified Animals, Genetically Modified Drosophila melanogaster/embryology Embryo, Nonmammalian/anatomy & histology Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology Embryonic Development Green Fluorescent Proteins Heart/embryology image processing, computer-assisted Imaging, Three-Dimensional Lasers Light Light Luminescent Proteins/analysis Microscopy, Fluorescence/methods Morphogenesis Oryzias/embryology

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Blank-field correction for achieving a uniform white background in brightfield digital photomicrographs

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BIOTECHNIQUES 2007年第6期42卷 716-+页

作者： Marty, Gary D. Ctr Anim Hlth Abbotsford BC V3G 2M3 Canada Univ Calif Davis Davis CA 95616 USA

No abstract available

关键词： Animals image processing, computer-assisted Photomicrography/methods

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Bacterial aerobic synthesis of nanocrystalline magnetite

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2005年第26期127卷 9326-9327页

作者： Bharde, A Wani, A Shouche, Y Joy, PA Prasad, BLV Sastry, M Natl Chem Lab Div Mat Chem Nanosci Grp Pune 411008 Maharashtra India Natl Ctr Cell Sci Mol Biol Unit Pune 411007 Maharashtra India

Oxide nanoparticles are important in applications such ascatalysis,electronics,and anti-microbial *** in the synthesis of iron oxidenanoparticles,especially magnetite,has centered on applications such as multi-terabit magneticstorage devices,ferrofluids,MRI contrast enhancement agents,and separation *** for preparing magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are energy intensive,employ toxicchemicals,and often yield particles in nonpolar organic solutions,thus precluding *** contrast,biological magnetite synthesis occurs in water at room temperature and closeto neutral pH.

关键词： Bacteria, Aerobic/metabolism Bacteria, Aerobic/ultrastructure Crystallization Ferric Compounds/chemistry Ferric Compounds/chemistry Ferric Compounds/metabolism Ferric Compounds/metabolism image processing, computer-assisted Nanotechnology/methods Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared

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Quantification and confocal imaging of protein specific molecularly imprinted polymers

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BIOMACROMOLECULES 2006年第9期7卷 2560-2564页

作者： Hawkins, Daniel M. Trache, Andreea Ellis, E. Ann Stevenson, Derek Holzenburg, Andreas Meininger, Gerald A. Reddy, Subrayal M. Univ Surrey Sch Biomed & Mol Sci Guildford GU2 7XH Surrey England Texas A&M Univ Hlth Sci Ctr Coll Med Dept Syst Biol & Translat Med College Stn TX 77843 USA Texas A&M Univ Microscopy & Imaging Ctr College Stn TX 77843 USA

We have employed FITC-albumin as the protein template molecule in an aqueous phase molecular imprinted polymer (HydroMIP) strategy. For the first time, the use of a fluorescently labeled template is reported, with subsequent characterization of the smart material to show that the HydroMIP possesses a significant molecular memory in comparison to that of the nonimprinted control polymer (HydroNIP). The imaging of the FITC-albumin imprinted HydroMIP using confocal microscopy is described, with the in situ removal of the imprinted protein displayed in terms of observed changes in the fluorescence of the imprinted polymer, both before and after template elution (using a 10% SDS/10% AcOH (w/v) solution). We also report the imaging of a bovine hemoglobin (BHb) imprinted HydroMIP using two-photon confocal microscopy and describe the effects of template elution upon protein autofluorescence. The findings further contribute to the understanding of aqueous phase molecular imprinting protocols and document the use of fluorescence as a useful tool in template labeling/detection and novel imaging strategies.

关键词： Albumins/chemistry Animals Biocompatible Materials/chemistry Biotechnology/methods Cattle Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate/chemistry Hemoglobins/chemistry image processing, computer-assisted Microscopy, Confocal/methods Microscopy, Fluorescence Molecular Structure Photons Photons Polymers/chemistry Proteins/chemistry Technology, Pharmaceutical

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