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image function FOR I-CRYSTAL SCINTILLATION GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETER

CZECHOSLOVAK JOURNAL OF PHYSICS 1965年第1期15卷 17-&页

作者： KAJFOSZ, J URBANEC, J Institute of Nuclear Research Czechosl. Acad. Sci. ŘeŽ

The paper deals with the analytical expression of the image forming process which occurs at the absorption of energy of the primary gamma rays in one-crystal scintillation spectrometers with cylindrical crystals. The calculation is performed with a view to its possible use for treating scintillation spectra by means of rapid mathematical machines.

关键词： image function Scintillation Spectrum Primary Gamma Cylindrical Crystal Mathematical Machine

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A review of the effects of colour and light on non-image function in humans

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COLORATION TECHNOLOGY 2017年第5期133卷 349-361页

作者： Westland, Stephen Pan, Qianqian Lee, SooJin Univ Leeds Sch Design Leeds LS2 9JT W Yorkshire England

This paper reviews current knowledge on non-image-forming aspects of vision. Developments in the last 20years have included the discovery of a fifth class of human visual pigment (melanopsin), in addition to the three classes of photopsin to be found in the cones and rhodopsin in the rods in the human retina. Melanopsin is found in a small number of retinal ganglion cells which then, in addition to receiving input from rods and cones, are intrinsically photosensitive. These retinal ganglion cells send their input primarily to the hypothalamus, where they help to regulate the circadian system (daily rhythms of sleep patterns, body temperature, heart rate, etc.). The discovery of the anatomical basis of non-image-forming vision has led to a great deal of research into the effects of light on sleep, depression and mood, retinal photodamage and well-being, amongst other factors. Given that recent technological innovations in LED lighting now give us greater control over environmental lighting, it is timely to review the non-visual effects of light in humans in order to inform lighting design in the future.

关键词： Human ambient illumination image function Technological Innovations Retinal Ganglion Cells lighting design

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Circular trace transform and its PCA-based fusion features for image representation

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IET image PROCESSING 2018年第10期12卷 1797-1806页

作者： Wang, Yuling Li, Ming Zhong, Guoyun Li, Junhua Lu, Yuming Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Coll Automat Engn 29 Jiangjun Ave Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China East China Univ Technol Jiangxi Engn Lab Radioact Geosci & Big Data Techn 418 Guanglan Ave Nanchang Jiangxi Peoples R China Nanchang Hangkong Univ Key Lab Jiangxi Prov Image Proc & Pattern Recogni 696 Fenghe South Ave Nanchang Jiangxi Peoples R China

To improve the image representation efficiency of trace transform (TT) features to images with circular and arc-shaped textures, the authors propose circular TT (CTT) to extract features. CTT consists of tracing an image with circles around which certain functionals of the image function are calculated. Quadruple CTT features can be generated through three successive functionals in the results of CTT, while different quadruple features can be obtained by choosing different combinations of successive functionals. These quadruple features can represent different texture properties and deeper intrinsic information of an image. By fusing CTT features and TT features based on PCA (FFCT_PCA), they construct a new complementary descriptor with much less dimension, further improving the representation performance for mixed texture images. Experimental results demonstrate that CTT has better performance than TT in recognising images with circular and arc-shaped textures, and FFCT_PCA has the potential to outperform the state-of-the-art feature extraction methods.

关键词： image representation image texture principal component analysis feature extraction image fusion PCA-based fusion features arc-shaped textures circular TT image function quadruple CTT features TT features FFCT_PCA mixed texture images texture properties principle component analysis complementary descriptor deeper intrinsic information image representation circular trace transform

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image ALIGNMENT BY INTEGRATED ROTATIONAL AND TRANSLATIONAL TRANSFORMATION MATRIX

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PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1994年第11期39卷 1969-1988页

作者： BANERJEE, PK TOGA, AW Department of Neurology UCLA School of Medicine Los Angeles CA 90024-1769 USA.

This paper presents an algorithm to align 2D images with similar densitometric patterns in the spatial domain. It performs automatic identification of control points through local maxima in normalized image cross correlations computed through projections of an image function on 2D orthonormal bases over a predefined circular domain. The image is subsequently subjected to translational and rotational corrections through an integrated transformation matrix obtained by the least-squares minimization technique. The algorithm restricts the corrections required for alignment to rotation and translation only, and care is taken to see that the image does not go through scaling (isotropic or anisotropic) or non-linear distortions. The least-squares method results in implicit equations in three variables, theta, h, v, representing rotation, and translations along x and y axes. The present algorithm, on the other hand, is based on an approximation that results in a set of explicit equations that are easy to solve. The mathematical validity of this approximation is proved and the results obtained show that the algorithm performs well with similar biological (histological, autoradiographic, and tomographic) images. The algorithm is iterative, and its computer implementation is discussed.

关键词： Implicit equations Rotational transformation matrix approximation rotation spatial domain imagery (Psychotherapy) Translation Process image registration Alignment image function Translation images algorithms Automatic identification

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PRESSURE DISTRIBUTIONS IN ECCENTRIC CIRCULAR SYSTEMS

SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS JOURNAL

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SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第6期24卷 677-684页

作者： TEMENG, KO HORNE, RN STANFORD UNIV STANFORDCA 94305 EXXON CO USA HOUSTONTX

Abstract. This paper presents an analytical solution for the pressure transient response of a well producing from an arbitrary position within a circular drainage boundary. The analysis is performed for both constant pressure and no-flow outer boundary conditions. In the analysis of pressure effects in asymmetrical circular systems, the practice has been to represent the circular system by a square system for which solutions exist. While this representation yields adequate results for the cases of wells close to the center, this work shows that significant errors may arise in situations where the wells are close to the boundary. Dimen-sionless pressure drops are obtained by numerically inverting solutions in Laplace space and are plotted as functions of dimensionless *** the wellbore pressure behavior it can be inferred that an effect of the eccentricity of the system is an apparent reduction of the drainage radius. By introducing the concept of an "equivalent radius" in the constant pressure boundary case, we show that the eccentric system can be analyzed, for the most part, as if it were a symmetrical one. Shape factors are calculated and presented for various well locations. The shape factors show similarities to those for a square system for well positions close to the center but differ significantly for positions close to the boundaries.

关键词： equivalent radius observation point eccentric circular system pressure boundary case drillstem testing upstream oil & gas boundary case eccentric system pressure distribution image function Drillstem/well testing Formation Evaluation & Management Reservoir Simulation

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Metaphor and simplification strategies in the design of tourist guidebooks

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JOURNAL OF THE CHINESE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERS 2017年第6期40卷 536-546页

作者： Tsai, Chih-Yung Lo, Chieh-Ling Tseng, Hsiao-Ting Univ Taipei Dept Educ Taipei Taiwan MingDao Univ Dept Business Adm Changhua Taiwan Natl Chiao Tung Univ Inst Informat Management Hsinchu Taiwan Natl Tsing Hua Univ Inst Law Sci & Technol Hsinchu Taiwan

Tourist guidebooks play an important role in providing supplementary information to travelers during their journeys and enable them to identify orientation and location and obtain other information. Hence, the design of icons used in tourist guidebooks is crucial. A fundamental design principle for indicative icons is that they should be simple and easy to understand. In this study, 66 university students were recruited in order to experimentally investigate how two strategies - simplification and metaphor - affect the design of tourist guidebooks. The findings demonstrate that to achieve 'semantic conveyance,' the use of metaphor or simplification combined with metaphor can provide the optimal effect. For 'design quality,' the use of simplification has the most significant effect. For 'symbolic significance' and 'comprehensive evaluation,' metaphor or simplification combined with metaphor can achieve the most significant effect. Finally, this paper proposes recommendations and considerations for future studies.

关键词： Metaphor simplification communication effect design quality image function

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TOWARD A SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATION OF INTENSITY CHANGES IN imageS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE 1988年第5期10卷 610-625页

作者： KORN, AF UNIV KARLSRUHE DEPT ELETTROTECND-7500 KARLSRUHEFED REP GER

The symbolic representation of gray-value variations is studied, with emphasis on the gradient of the image function. The goal is to relate the results of this analysis to the structure of the picture, which is determined by the physics of the image generation process. Candidates for contour points are the maximal magnitudes of the gray-value gradient for different scales in the direction of the gradient. Based on the output of such a bank of gradient filters, a procedure is proposed to select automatically a suitable scale, and with that, the size of the right convolution kernel. The application of poorly adapted filters, which make the exact localization of gray-value corners or T-, X-, and Y-junctions more difficult, is thus avoided. Possible gaps at such junctions are discussed for images of real scenes, and possibilities for the closure of some of these gaps are demonstrated when the extrema of the magnitudes of the gray-value gradients are used.","doi":"10.1109/34.6770","publicationTitle":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","startPage":"610","endPage":"625","rightsLink":"http://***/AppDispatchServlet?publisherName=ieee&publication=0162-8828&title=Toward+a+symbolic+representation+of+intensity+changes+in+images&isbn=&publicationDate=Sept.+1988&author=A.F.+Korn&ContentID=10.1109/34.6770&orderBeanReset=true&startPage=610&endPage=625&volumeNum=10&issueNum=5","displayPublicationTitle":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","pdfPath":"/iel1/34/351/***","keywords":[{"type":"IEEE Keywords","kwd":["image edge detection","Gaussian processes","Layout","image segmentation","Filters","Kernel","image reconstruction","Computer vision","Physics","Convolution"]},{"type":"INSPEC: Controlled Indexing","kwd":["picture processing"]},{"type":"INSPEC: Non-Controlled Indexing","kwd":["convolution kernel","picture processing","symbolic representation","gray-value variations","image function","image generatio

关键词： image edge detection Gaussian processes Layout image segmentation Filters Kernel image reconstruction Computer vision Physics Convolution INSPEC: Controlled Indexing picture processing INSPEC: Non-Controlled Indexing convolution kernel picture processing symbolic representation gray-value variations image function image generation contour points gradient filters

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Integrated evaluation of diffraction image quality in optical lithography using the rigorous diffraction solution for a slot

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TECHNICAL PHYSICS 2012年第10期57卷 1387-1393页

作者： Rudnitsky, A. S. Serdyuk, V. M. Belarusian State Univ Minsk 220045 BELARUS Belarusian State Univ Inst Appl Phys Problems Minsk 220045 BELARUS

The method of integrated evaluation of quality of optical diffraction image is proposed. It uses several scalar parameters defined by integral comparison of two functions on the image surface. The first function represents real distribution of electric energy density on this surface, and can be simulated by the solution of corresponding exact or approximate diffraction problem of image formation. The second function describes required energy distribution on the given surface. The method is demonstrated by the example of evaluation of images formed by contactless printing from a mask in optical lithography, where the image function is computed by the known exact solution of plane wave diffraction by a slot in a conducting screen.

关键词： energy density image function image formation energy distribution image quality Lithography scalar parameter SLOT wave diffraction

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The characteristics of diagrams in scientific explanations: Multimodal integration of written and visual modes of representation in junior high school textbooks

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SCIENCE EDUCATION 2023年第3期107卷 741-772页

作者： Tang, Kok-Sing Curtin Univ Sch Educ STEM Educ Res Grp GPO Box U1987 Perth WA 6845 Australia

There is a growing research examining the use of visual diagrams in scientific explanations. However, current research in this area is mostly based on case studies involving a few explanations from one or two topics in science. There are few systematic studies that examine more broadly how diagrams are used in relation to scientific explanations across a range of scientific texts. The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of diagrams in scientific explanations found in Grade 7-10 science textbooks covering many topics in biology, chemistry, earth and space sciences, and physics. The study is informed by the theories of systemic functional linguistics and social semiotics and applies a mixed methods approach to textbook analysis. A content analysis was first carried out to systematically identify the image functions (e.g., narrative, analytical, classificational) in all the diagrams (N = 749) and compare their distributions across different genres (e.g., explanation, information, experiment). This is followed by a multimodal discourse analysis to understand how the various image functions are combined with the linguistic features of the written text in the construction of scientific explanations. Quantitative results reveal explanation diagrams are characteristically different from diagrams used in other genres in terms of a higher usage of narrative function, temporal function, and annotated caption. Qualitative results further show how these image functions are typically used to support the reasoning of the explanation focusing on dynamic processes and time-bounded sequences. This study has implications to our understanding of how diagrams are used to support the construction of scientific explanations.

关键词： image function mixed methods scientific diagram scientific explanation textbook analysis visual representation

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The production of narrative through static imagery: examples from a peculiar medieval illustration

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VISUAL COMMUNICATION 2019年第2期18卷 279-293页

作者： Peterson, Matthew North Carolina State Univ Coll Design Campus Box 770150 Pullen Rd Raleigh NC 27695 USA

Certain images perform upon and with their readers. Among the performative capabilities of imagery is narrative function, where the reader actively constructs a sense of time from an otherwise static surface. An extraordinary medieval illustration of Saint Margaret's emergence from the belly of a dragon is used to demonstrate a range of narrative imagery. Consideration is given to the original conditions of this 'Margaretene', especially its medieval readership. This exemplar then contributes to a form of creative analysis, where other extant narrative strategies are utilized to visually 'tell' the same story. The result - a series of illustrations rendered by artist James Wisdom - permits a most direct comparison of six narrative strategies. The strategies outlined are graphic projective, partitioned, graphic repetitive, natural repetitive, intrafigural, and evidentiary. Certain trends emerge when the strategies are arranged in an axis based on naturalism. The reader must be more astute as strategies utilize more naturalistic scenes and thus become less dependent upon learned conventions and the repetition of figures.

关键词： image function interpretation narrative imagery picture function Saint Margaret visual narrative visual rhetoric

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