A 3D structured light sheet microscope using a four-faceted symmetric pyramid is presented. The sample is illuminated by the resulting four beam interference field. This approach combines advantages of standing wave a...
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A 3D structured light sheet microscope using a four-faceted symmetric pyramid is presented. The sample is illuminated by the resulting four beam interference field. This approach combines advantages of standing wave and structured illumination microscopy. Examples of micrographs of fluorescently labeled Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells as well as of the compound eyes of drosophila are shown and the optical sectioning ability of our system is demonstrated. The capabilities and the limitations of the scheme are discussed. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
Based on an optical gyrator transform system, an image encryption algorithm is designed and studied. An original secret image is regarded as the output intensity of the second gyrator transform. A coherent nonuniform ...
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Based on an optical gyrator transform system, an image encryption algorithm is designed and studied. An original secret image is regarded as the output intensity of the second gyrator transform. A coherent nonuniform optical beam is converted into the input of the first gyrator transform. A Gerchberg-Saxton phase retrieval algorithm is employed for obtaining the compensation phases in the first gyrator transform pair. The compensation phases are regarded as the encrypted image and key in this algorithm. The parameters of the laser beam and gyrator transform can serve as the additional key of encryption method. The decryption process of this encryption algorithm can be achieved with an optical system. Numerical simulations are performed to test the validity and capability of the encryption algorithm. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
Three dimensional (3D) imaging systems have been recently suggested for passive sensing and recognition of objects in photon-starved environments where only a few photons are emitted or reflected from the object. In t...
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Three dimensional (3D) imaging systems have been recently suggested for passive sensing and recognition of objects in photon-starved environments where only a few photons are emitted or reflected from the object. In this paradigm, it is important to make optimal use of limited information carried by photons. We present a statistical framework for 3D passive object recognition in presence of noise. Since in quantum-limited regime, detector dark noise is present, our approach takes into account the effect of noise on information bearing photons. The model is tested when background noise and dark noise sources are present for identifying a target in a 3D scene. It is shown that reliable object recognition is possible in photon-counting domain. The results suggest that with proper translation of physical characteristics of the imaging system into the information processingalgorithms, photon-counting imagery can be used for object classification. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
The next generation of adaptive optics will depend on laser guide stars to increase sky coverage. However, there are a few limitations. The thickness of the sodium layer in the mesosphere at 90 km causes spot elongati...
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The next generation of adaptive optics will depend on laser guide stars to increase sky coverage. However, there are a few limitations. The thickness of the sodium layer in the mesosphere at 90 km causes spot elongation, which is more severe for large telescopes. Moreover, the outer-edge subaperture of such large telescopes will resolve variations of sodium atom density seen over the thick layer. We quantify these density fluctuations using real data taken at Lick Observatory. We used the 1 m Nickel telescope to image the return flux due to laser-induced fluorescence from a dye laser launched from the nearby 3 m Shane telescope. This view was from the side allowing the resolution of the sodium return as a function of height. We used drift scanning of the 1 m telescope to provide resolution in time. We show qualitative images of the sodium distribution for different nights and quantitatively study the temporal power spectra of those fluctuations. We conclude that the sodium profiles have an average full width half-maximum of 10 km. However, the extent beyond the nominal 10 km thickness is important for accurate wavefront sensing. The variations in the height of the sodium layer occur on short enough time scales that AO systems for 30 m class telescopes will likely need focus updates on time scales shorter than 100 ms. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
An important image post-processing step for optical coherence tomography (OCT) images is speckle noise reduction. Noise in OCT images is multiplicative in nature and is difficult to suppress due to the fact that in ad...
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An important image post-processing step for optical coherence tomography (OCT) images is speckle noise reduction. Noise in OCT images is multiplicative in nature and is difficult to suppress due to the fact that in addition the noise component, OCT speckle also carries structural information about the imaged object. To address this issue, a novel speckle noise reduction algorithm was developed. The algorithm projects the imaging data into the logarithmic space and a general Bayesian least squares estimate of the noise-free data is found using a conditional posterior sampling approach. The proposed algorithm was tested on a number of rodent (rat) retina images acquired in-vivo with an ultrahigh resolution OCT system. The performance of the algorithm was compared to that of the state-of-the-art algorithms currently available for speckle denoising, such as the adaptive median, maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation, linear least squares estimation, anisotropic diffusion and wavelet-domain filtering methods. Experimental results show that the proposed approach is capable of achieving state-of-the-art performance when compared to the other tested methods in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), edge preservation, and equivalent number of looks (ENL) measures. Visual comparisons also show that the proposed approach provides effective speckle noise suppression while preserving the sharpness and improving the visibility of morphological details, such as tiny capillaries and thin layers in the rat retina OCT images. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
Monte Carlo method is applied for simulation of 2D optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of skin-like model. Layer boundaries in skin model feature curved shape which agrees with physiological structure of human s...
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Monte Carlo method is applied for simulation of 2D optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of skin-like model. Layer boundaries in skin model feature curved shape which agrees with physiological structure of human skin. The effect of coherence properties of probing radiation on OCT image formation and speckles in the detected OCT signal is considered. The developed model is employed for image simulation both for conventional and polarization dependent time-domain OCT modalities. Simulation of polarized OCT signal is performed using vector approach developed previously for modeling of electromagnetic field transfer in turbid media. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
We proposed a reconstruction method for the occluded region of three-dimensional (3D) object using the depth extraction based on the optical flow and triangular mesh reconstruction in integral imaging. The depth infor...
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We proposed a reconstruction method for the occluded region of three-dimensional (3D) object using the depth extraction based on the optical flow and triangular mesh reconstruction in integral imaging. The depth information of sub-images from the acquired elemental image set is extracted using the optical flow with sub-pixel accuracy, which alleviates the depth quantization problem. The extracted depth maps of sub-image array are segmented by the depth threshold from the histogram based segmentation, which is represented as the point clouds. The point clouds are projected to the viewpoint of center sub-image and reconstructed by the triangular mesh reconstruction. The experimental results support the validity of the proposed method with high accuracy of peak signal-to-noise ratio and normalized cross-correlation in 3D image recognition. (C)2010 Optical Society of America
A partially light-controlled imaging system is proposed as a novel device. It is used to improve the imaging quality at the illumination of 1.979 x 10(5)lx by means of mitigating image contrast. It consists of a High ...
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A partially light-controlled imaging system is proposed as a novel device. It is used to improve the imaging quality at the illumination of 1.979 x 10(5)lx by means of mitigating image contrast. It consists of a High Temperature Poly-Silicon Thin Film Transistor-Liquid Crystal Display (HTPS TFT-LCD), which is set between the lens and CCD and is coupled with CCD by the optical fiber taper. The transmittance of pixelated LCD can be controlled by Field-Programmable Gate Array to realize the partially light-controlled and thus dynamic range of the imaging system can be extended. Samples of indoor objects and outdoor license plate are photographed by the prototype imaging system under strong light. The imaging results of this novel system are satisfactory with better restored details, compared with the photos taken by normal CCD camera (WAT-231S2) which uses aperture and shutter to control the overall light intensity. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
The extraction of 3-D morphological information about thick objects is explored in this work. We extract this information from 3-D differential interference contrast (DIC) images by applying a texture detection method...
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The extraction of 3-D morphological information about thick objects is explored in this work. We extract this information from 3-D differential interference contrast (DIC) images by applying a texture detection method. Texture extraction methods have been successfully used in different applications to study biological samples. A 3-D texture image is obtained by applying a local entropy-based texture extraction method. The use of this method to detect regions of blastocyst mouse embryos that are used in assisted reproduction techniques such as in vitro fertilization is presented as an example. Results demonstrate the potential of using texture detection methods to improve morphological analysis of thick samples, which is relevant to many biomedical and biological studies. Fluorescence and optical quadrature microscope phase images are used for validation. (C) 2010 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.3475961]
Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors have found widespread application for testing ocular aberrations. These sensors provide an accurate map of the wavefront emerging from an eye in most cases. However, there is a growing...
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Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors have found widespread application for testing ocular aberrations. These sensors provide an accurate map of the wavefront emerging from an eye in most cases. However, there is a growing class of patients with diffractive intraocular lenses that will potentially be measured incorrectly with Shack-Hartmann devices. We explore the pitfalls of measuring diffractive lenses with this technology. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
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