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immune response and associated factors to Hepatitis B vaccination among children under five attending care at mulago hospital

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BMC PEDIATRICS 2025年第1期25卷 1-13页

作者： Kimera, Andrew Rujumba, Joseph Ndikuno, Cynthia Kuteesa Ndeezi, Grace Mukiza, Nelson Basenero, Andrew Piloya, Theresa Bakeera-Kitaka, Sabrina Nabulya, Rebecca Nalumansi, Anna Maria Namagembe, Agnes Bagala, Irene Namutosi, Agatha Kobel, Esther Bazaali, Zakia Nansubuga, Caroline Kinera, Irene Sekina, Hassan Kitonsa, James Peter Kule, Isiah Musiime, Victor Makerere Univ Coll Hlth Sci Sch Med Dept Pediat Kampala Uganda Rinecynth Advisory Ltd Kampala Uganda Joint Clin Res Ctr Res Dept Kampala Uganda USAID Maternal Child Hlth & Nutr Act Washington DC USA

BackgroundHepatitis B is a major global health concern, with chronic infections affecting approximately 296 million people yearly. A 2009 survey in East Africa showed a prevalence rate of 6.5%, with Uganda's rate at 10.3% and Northern Uganda at 20.7%. Therefore, this study sought to determine the immune response to Hepatitis B vaccination and associated factors among children under five attending outpatient care at Mulago Assessment Centre Pediatrics *** cross-sectional study involving 301 children aged 1 to under 5 years at Mulago National Referral's Pediatrics clinic was conducted in February 2023. Children were consecutively enrolled and screened for Hepatitis B core antibodies, with anti-HBs antibody titers measured. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was administered to caregivers. Data analysis was conducted using STATA Version 13.0. Logistic regression analysis was done to determine factors associated with immune response, a binary *** 301 children tested negative for Hepatitis B core antibodies. Children's ages ranged between 1 and 4 years with most aged 2 years, 89/301(29.6%). The immune response varied from 2 IU/ml to 1000 IU/ml, with a median of 86.2 IU/ml (IQR: 14.5-239.4). The prevalence of good immune response was 77.4% (233/301) (95% CI: 72.3-81.8%), with 58.4% (95% CI: 51.9-64.6%) classified as very good responders. The factors associated with immune response were child age (aOR = 0.40;95% CI: 0.16-0.97;p = 0.044) and caregiver HIV status (aOR = 0.17;95% CI: 0.04-0.71;p = 0.014).ConclusionChildren had protective antibody levels against the Hepatitis B virus, but it is still below the expected level by the World Health Organization. The child's age and caregiver's HIV status were associated with immune response. Emphasis needs to be made on the Hepatitis B birth dose and booster vaccinations, especially for children over 1 year and at-risk groups, to lower transmission rates and enhance long-term Hepatitis B protectio

关键词： immune response HBs antibody Hepatitis B vaccination Children under five years Mulago hospital Uganda

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Single-cell RNA-seq reveals the immune response of Co-infection with streptococcus pneumoniae after influenza A virus by a lung-on-chip: The molecular structure and mechanism of tight junction protein ZO-1☆

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES 2025年第Pt 4期306卷 141815页

作者： Gu, Shaoyan Xiao, Wenxuan Yu, Zhongkuo Xiao, Jia Sun, Mingze Zhang, Lu Pan, Pan Xie, Lixin Zhang, L. Chinese Peoples Liberat Army Gen Hosp Coll Pulm & Crit Care Med Med Ctr 8 Beijing 100091 Peoples R China Qiqihar Med Univ Affiliated Hosp 2 Qiqihar 161006 Peoples R China Fudan Univ Sch Life Sci Dept Microbiol Shanghai 200438 Peoples R China Shanghai Engn Res Ctr Ind Microorganisms Shanghai 200438 Peoples R China

Secondary bacterial infection is the main cause of pneumonia after influenza virus infection. This study aims to explore the impact of co-infection of influenza A virus (IAV) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) on lung immune response using a human lung-on-chip model and single-cell RNA sequencing technology, with a focus on the molecular structure and mechanism of action of the tight junction protein ZO-1 in this process. Research and construct a human lung-on-chip model to simulate the microenvironment of the lungs in vivo. Use this model to infect IAV and SP separately, as well as co-infect both. Using single-cell RNA sequencing technology to analyze gene expression profiles of lung cells under different infection states, and interpreting key pathways through GO enrichment analysis. Separate peripheral blood mononuclear cells and perform macrophage differentiation, using multiple bead immunoassay to detect cytokine levels. Evaluate changes in lung barrier function through immunofluorescence staining and image analysis. Single cell RNA sequencing data revealed unique transcriptome changes induced by IAV and SP co-infection, particularly in lung epithelial cells. The results showed that co-infection significantly downregulated the expression of tight junction protein ZO-1 and affected its intracellular localization, thereby disrupting the integrity of the pulmonary epithelial barrier. GO enrichment analysis further elucidated the signaling pathways and biological processes associated with ZO-1 downregulation. Multiple bead immunoassay showed that co-infection led to an increase in the release of specific cytokines. The study utilized a human lung-on-chip model and single-cell RNA sequencing technology to reveal the complex immune response induced by IAV and SP co-infection, and identified the key role of ZO-1 in maintaining lung barrier integrity. The downregulation and abnormal localization of ZO-1 expression may be a key mechanism leading to lung injury after co-in

关键词： Single-cell RNA seq Lung-on-chip Influenza A virus Streptococcus pneumoniae co-infection immune response Tight junction protein ZO-1 molecular structure and mechanism

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Molecular characterization of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α1/α2 from Cyprinus carpio and its roles in glucolipid metabolism and immune response

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES 2025年 303卷 140736页

作者： Zhi, Shaoyang Wang, Junli Wang, Yiran Li, Yijie Zhao, Mengjuan Yang, Liping Qin, Chaobin Yan, Xiao Nie, Guoxing Henan Normal Univ Coll Fisheries Aquat Anim Nutr & Feed Res Lab Xinxiang 453007 Peoples R China Henan Normal Univ Coll Life Sci Xinxiang 453007 Peoples R China Henan Normal Univ Xinxiang 453007 Peoples R China

AMPK alpha 1 and AMPK alpha 2, key kinases in regulating energy homeostasis, have not been previously cloned or characterized in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). This study identified the open reading frame (ORF) sequences of ampk alpha 1 (1722 bp, encoding 573 amino acids) and ampk alpha 2 (1659 bp, encoding 552 amino acids) through homologous cloning. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed a high similarity of both genes with fish homologs. Expression analysis revealed that ampk alpha 1 and ampk alpha 2 are widely expressed across tissues in carp, with ampk alpha 1 highly expressed in the gonads and ampk alpha 2 in the heart. Fasting significantly reduced ampk alpha 1 expression in the heart, adipose tissue, and foregut but increased it in the hindgut and white muscle. Similarly, ampk alpha 2 expression decreased in the hypothalamus and muscle during fasting, with an increase in the midgut. Glucose tolerance tests showed dynamic regulation of ampk alpha 1 and ampk alpha 2, with initial downregulation followed by upregulation in the hepatopancreas, red muscle, and brain. High-glucose and high-fat diets significantly increased ampk alpha 1 and ampk alpha 2 expression in multiple tissues. Insulin and glucagon treatment induced timedependent changes in both genes in hepatocytes, while Aeromonas hydrophila infection, LPS, and Poly (I:C) stimulation upregulated ampk alpha 1 and ampk alpha 2 in immune-related tissues. Knockdown of ampk alpha 2, but not ampk alpha 1, reduced glut1b mRNA levels, while both knockdowns of ampk alpha 1 and ampk alpha 2 promoted the expression of gsk3 beta, pygm, acc, fas, srebp, cs, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting their involvement in metabolic and immune regulation in carp.

关键词： AMPK Molecular characterization Glucolipid metabolism immune response Cyprinus carpio

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sRNA113 regulates Pseudomonas plecoglossicida motility to affect immune response against infection in pearl gentian grouper

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Zoological Research 2025年第1期46卷 152-164页

作者： Li He Mei-Qin Mao Ling-Min Zhao Qi Li Hui Ge Jiao-Nan Zhang Jiao-Lin Zhang Qing-Pi Yan Fisheries College Jimei UniversityXiamenFujian 361021China Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian XiamenFujian 361000China Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Feed for Fujian Fujian Tianma Technology Company LimitedFuzhouFujian 350308China

Small RNAs(sRNAs)are a class of molecules capable of perceiving environmental changes and exerting posttranscriptional regulation over target gene expression,thereby influencing bacterial virulence and host immune *** plecoglossicida is a pathogenic bacterium that poses a significant threat to aquatic animal ***,the regulatory mechanisms of sRNAs in *** remain *** study focused on sRNA113,previously identified as a potential regulator of the fliP gene,a key component of the lateral flagellar type III secretion *** investigate the effects of sRNA113on *** virulence,as well as its role in regulating pathogenic processes and host immune responses,mutant strains lacking this sRNA were generated and *** of sRNA113 resulted in the up-regulation of lateral flagellar type III secretion system-related genes in ***,which enhanced bacterial swarming motility,biofilm formation,and chemotaxis ability in *** vivo infection experiments with pearl gentian grouper revealed that sRNA113 deletion enhanced the pathogenicity of *** heightened virulence was attributed to the up-regulation of genes associated with the lateral flagellar type III secretion system,resulting in higher bacterial loads within host *** amplification of pathogenic activity intensified tissue damage,disrupted immune responses,and impaired the ability of the host to clear infection,ultimately leading to *** findings underscore the critical role of sRNA113 in regulating the virulence of *** and its interaction with host immune *** study provides a foundation for further exploration of sRNAmediated mechanisms in bacterial pathogenesis and hostpathogen interactions,contributing to a deeper understanding of virulence regulation and immune evasion in aquatic pathogens.

关键词： Pseudomonas plecoglossicida sRNA Virulence Pearl gentian grouper immune response

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Knowledge map in biomaterials and related immune response: a scientometric analysis

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FRONTIERS IN MATERIALS 2025年 12卷

作者： Yu, Chongqing Xu, Chi Wang, Tao Xu, Jie Chongqing Med Univ Stomatol Hosp Chongqing Peoples R China Chongqing Key Lab Oral Dis & Biomed Sci Chongqing Peoples R China Chongqing Municipal Key Lab Oral Biomed Engn Highe Chongqing Peoples R China

Background Biomaterials have seen extensive use in biomedicine in the past decade. However, being foreign substances when implanted in the human body, they inevitably trigger immune responses. This study aimed to summarize existing articles on biomaterials and immune responses and explore their latest *** We used the Web of Science Core Collection database (WoSCC) to access literature related to biomaterials and immune response. This comprehensive review of the knowledge domain allowed us to identify potential future research *** In this study, we analyzed 5,993 articles on biomaterials and immune response published between 1990 and 2022. Badylak, SF, stood out with the highest number of publications, the highest h-index, and the most average citations. The Journal of Biomaterials secured the top position as the most productive journal with the highest citation count. The emerging research hotspots are centered in regeneration medicine around keywords such as "biocompatibility," "wound healing," "osteogenesis," "angiogenesis," and "bone regeneration."Conclusion The present study summarizes the global trends in biomaterials and immune response. Future efforts should concentrate on advancing the application of biomaterials in the medical field, conducting in-depth mechanistic studies, exploring the intricacies of immune responses, and ensuring the biosafety of biomaterials.

关键词： biomaterials immune response bibliometric trends emerging topics

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Erythrocyte Membrane Coating Alleviate immune response and Promoted Adipogenesis in Adipose Matrix

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TISSUE ENGINEERING PART A 2025年第7-8期31卷 334-350页

作者： Chen, Kaiqi Guan, Jingyan Liu, Kaiyang You, Xin Xu, Mimi Lu, Feng He, Yunfan Southern Med Univ Nanfang Hosp Dept Plast & Cosmet Surg 1838 Guangzhou North Rd Guangzhou 510515 Guangdong Peoples R China

Xenotransplantation of acellular adipose matrix (AAM) has come to prominence as an intriguing option for soft tissue reconstruction. However, the presence of immunogenic antigens within AAM can trigger unfavorable immune reactions, leading to inadequate in vivo regeneration outcomes. Therefore, the development of advanced technology capable of modulating immune responses is crucial for the therapeutic implementation of AAM xenografts. In this work, an innovative technique is created to bypass the immune system by covering the surface of both AAM and Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide-modified AAM xenografts with autologous red blood cell (RBC) membrane. The RBC membrane coating remained persistent and exhibited no significant decline even after 21 days. Moreover, it effectively reduced the expression of antigen major histocompatibility complex class 1 (MHC1) on the AAM surface. Following xenogeneic transplantation, the RBC-coated xenografts demonstrated increased expression of the adipogenic factor PPAR-gamma, Adipoq, Fabp4, Fasn, and Plin1 and higher numbers of adipocytes. In addition, they exhibited decreased expression of immunological factors, including IL-6, IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha, and fewer inflammatory cells. These findings indicate that RBC membrane coating successfully suppressed immune responses and promoted increased adipogenesis in AAM xenografts. Therefore, AAM camouflage coating with RBC has a lot of potential as a biomaterial for soft tissue reconstruction in clinical settings. In this study, we present a natural and easily accessible red blood cell membrane nanoparticles-RGD peptide-acellular adipose matrix (AAM) platform. This platform remained stable for over 3 weeks, blocked MHC1 antibody, suppressed immune responses, and promoted increased adipogenesis in xenotransplantation. The findings of this study open up new possibilities for in situ regenerative repair of soft tissue defects.

关键词： xenotransplantation extracellular matrix red blood cell membrane immune response adipogenesis

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The human gut symbiont Ruminococcus gnavus displays strain-specific exopolysaccharides modulating the host immune response

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CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS 2025年 347卷 122754页

作者： Laplanche, Victor Armiento, Samantha Speciale, Immacolata Suligoj, Tanja Crost, Emmanuelle H. Lamprinaki, Dimitra Vaux, Laura Gotts, Kathryn De Castro, Cristina Juge, Nathalie Quadram Inst Biosci Norwich Res Pk Norwich NR4 7UQ England Univ Naples Federico II Dept Chem Sci Via Cintia 26 I-80126 Naples Italy

Ruminococcus gnavus is a prevalent member of the human gut microbiota and over-represented in inflammatory bowel diseases. R. gnavus ATCC 29149 was previously shown to produce a pro-inflammatory exopolysaccharide (EPS) referred to here as glucorhamnan-I or EPS29149. Here, we determined the structure of the polysaccharides from R. gnavus ATCC 35913 (EPS35193) and E1 (EPSE1) strains, both consist of a repeating unit with a backbone composed of four alpha-L-rhamnose units, with alternate 2- and 3-linkages, and a beta-d-glucose residue linked to O-2 of one 3-Rha as side branch. This structure differs from EPS29149 and is referred to as glucorhamnan-II. EPS35193 and EPSE1 showed variation in the glucosylation level that is non-stochiometric in EPS35193. R. gnavus strains and their purified EPS induced strain-specific production of cytokines and chemokines in bone-marrow derived dendritic cells and NF-kappa B activation in reporter cells. R. gnavus ATCC 35913 was the most immunogenic strain, likely due to the absence of an additional capsular polysaccharide layer as shown by TEM, while EPS29149, EPS35193 and EPSE1 showed activation of TLR4 reporter cells. These strain-specific differences in R. gnavus cell surface glycosylation and host response underscore the importance of studying R. gnavus-host interaction at the strain level.

关键词： Glucorhamnan TLR4 signalling immune response Human gut symbiont Ruminococcus gnavus: exopolysaccharide

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Dietary incorporation of biological curcumin nanoparticles improved growth performance, ileal architecture, antioxidative status, serum lipid profile, and humoral immune response of heat-stressed broiler chickens

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POULTRY SCIENCE 2025年第2期104卷 104740页

作者： Abdel-Moneim, Abdel-Moneim Eid Mesalam, Noura M. Yang, Bing Elsadek, Mohamed Farouk Nucl Res Ctr Egyptian Atom Energy Author Biol Applicat Dept Cairo 13759 Egypt Anhui Sci & Technol Univ Coll Anim Sci Fengyang 233100 Peoples R China King Saud Univ Coll Sci Dept Biochem Riyadh Saudi Arabia

Heat stress greatly impairs poultry productivity, underscoring the urgent need for effective strategies to mitigate these adverse effects and improve overall poultry health. This study assessed the impact of dietary curcumin nanoparticles (CurNPs) on blood metabolites, immunity, redox status, ileal histomorphometry, and growth of broilers subjected to heat stress. A total of 400 one-day-old Ross-308 broiler chicks were randomly distributed into five groups, each consisting of eight replicates with ten birds per replicate. The chicks were fed a basal diet containing CurNPs at concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 300, or 400 mg/kg feed, designated as 0CurNPs, 100CurNPs, 200CurNPs, 300CurNPs, and 400CurNPs, respectively. Dietary CurNPs supplementation linearly (P > 0.001) improved weight gain, feed conversion ratio and European production efficiency index, while feed intake decreased linearly (P > 0.001) with increasing CurNPs supplementation. Carcass traits and serum renal and hepatic function biomarkers remained unaffected by the treatment. Serum cholesterol and LDL levels exhibited linear and quadratic (P > 0.05) reduction in all treated groups, although triglycerides and VLDL levels reduced linearly (P > 0.05) only in the 300CurNPs group. The inclusion of CurNPs resulted in a linear and quadratic increase (P > 0.05) in ileal villi height and a linear elevation (P > 0.05) in the villi height-to-crypt depth ratio. The redox status was improved with CurNPs supplementation, as serum MDA levels showed a linear decrease (P > 0.05) in the 300CurNPs and 400CurNPs groups, while SOD levels increased linearly and quadratically (P > 0.05) across all treated groups. Furthermore, dietary CurNPs exhibited linear (P > 0.001) increases in serum levels of IgM, IgG, and IgA, though antibody titres against NDV and AIV were unaffected. In conclusion, CurNPs proved to be an effective growth promoter, enhancing growth, intestinal architecture, redox status, and humoral immunity in heat-stresse

关键词： Curcumin nanoparticles Heat stress Antioxidant response immune response Broiler growth

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Nettle (Urtica dioica) supplementation: impact on growth, hematology, immune response, and resilience to Aeromonas hydrophila in Labeo rohita fingerlings

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VETERINARY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2025年第1期49卷 1-11页

作者： Ujan, Javed Ahmed Raza, Asif Habib, Syed Sikandar Athar, Rimsha Kesbic, Osman Sabri Batool, Aima Iram Habib, Syed Fahad Mohany, Mohamed Fazio, Francesco Shah Abdul Latif Univ Dept Zool Khairpur 66020 Sindh Pakistan Govt Degree Coll Nasirabad Dist Qambar Shahdadkot 770020 Sindh Pakistan Univ Sargodha Dept Zool Sargodha 40100 Punjab Pakistan Univ Agr Faisalabad Dept Zool Wildlife & Fisheries Faisalabad 38040 Punjab Pakistan Kastamonu Univ Vet Fac Dept Anim Nutr & Nutr Dis TR-37150 Kastamonu Turkiye Khushal Khan Khattak Univ Dept Phys Karak 27200 Khyber Pakhtunk Pakistan King Saud Univ Coll Pharm Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol POB 55760 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia Univ Messina Dept Vet Sci Via Palatuccisnc I-98168 Messina Italy

The significance of plant-derived products in aquaculture lies in their potential to offer sustainable alternatives, promoting eco-friendly practices. This study investigated the impact of nettle (Urtica dioica) leaves powder on the growth efficiency, hemato-biochemical variables and non-specific immune system of rohu, Labeo rohita fingerlings. To achieve this objective, sample average weight (5.23 +/- 0.34 g) were categorized into four groups, namely control, T1, T2 and T3 in triplicate and administered diets fortified with nettle in amounts of 0, 1, 3 and 5% respectively for a duration of 60 days. After 60 days of fortified diet, the fish underwent intraperitoneal injection with bacteria (Aeromonas hydrophila), and subsequent relative percentage survival (RPS) was observed. The growth performance, including "weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed efficiency ratio (FER)", were notably higher in the T3 group (5%) than in others. The hematological values of White blood cell, hematocrit, and hemoglobin revealed higher levels with a fortified diet. The dietary supplementation of nettle reduced serum cholesterol and glucose concentration, whereas it increased albumin, globulin, and total protein in the fish blood. Enhancements in lysozyme and myeloperoxidase activity were observed in the intervention groups with feed containing nettle supplementation. The nettle diet at a 5% concentration demonstrated a higher RPS than the others following injection with A. hydrophila. The findings indicate the potential of nettle as a valuable nutritional supplement for increasing fish immunological reaction and bolstering pathogen resistance.

关键词： Urtica dioica Labeo rohita immune response Growth performance Lysozyme activity

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Allopatric populations of Drosophila ananassae exhibit different degrees of trade-off for evolving immune response against bacterial infection

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ETHOLOGY ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION 2025年第1期37卷 17-63页

作者： Paul, Pallab Mukherjee, Goutam Mandal, Sayarneel Das, Debasmita Dutta, Ishita Ghosh, Papiya Ghosh, Sujay Univ Calcutta Dept Zool Cytogenet & Genom Res Unit Ballygunge Sci Coll Campus35 Ballygunge Circular Kolkata 700019 W Bengal India Univ Calcutta Ballygunge Sci Coll Dept Microbiol 35 Ballygunge Circular Rd Kolkata 700019 W Bengal India Univ Calcutta Bijoykrishna Girls Coll Dept Zool Howrah 711101 W Bengal India

We conducted a laboratory based selection experiment with two allopatric populations of Drosophila ananassae collected from two isolated geographic regions of India, namely Mysuru and Port Blair. The populations were infected enterically with the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa for 55 generations followed by rearing for the next 10 generations under relaxed selection. We tested development of immune-competence of the selected flies through the generations and inquired if elicitation of immune responses were needed to pay cost by trading-off with life history and morphological traits and observed progressive increase in immune response in the selected flies, which also exhibited gradual increase in survival, reproductive life span, post-reproductive life span, developmental time, fecundity rate, fat content in contrast to body length and water content that exhibited longitudinal decrease. Under relaxed selection regime the traits showed reversion of the trend but not to the basal level. responses exhibited by the selected flies from Port Blair and Mysuru differed, with the former group exhibiting more reduction in body length, more reduction in water content, greater antioxidant enzyme activity, longer post-infection period, greater survival than the later group. On the other side, Mysuru flies showed greater fat deposition, faster developmental time and longer oviposition time than Port Blair flies. Interestingly, Port Blair flies exhibited an increase in post-ovipository period, in contrast to Mysuru flies that showed a decrease for the same. We inferred that two allopatric populations of D. ananassae from the Indian sub-continent show different trade-off between evolving immune response and life history traits. Further, the outcome of our study leads us to a point of realization how allopatric populations of a given species respond differently under given selection pressure and gradually diverge from each other in nature to develop a species barrier.

关键词： Drosophila ananassae allopatric populations selection immune response character trade-off

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