检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

Cancer's unequal impact on incomes in Norway

ACTA ONCOlogICA 2012年第4期51卷 480-489页

作者： Syse, Astri Tonnessen, Marianne Canc Registry Norway N-0304 Oslo Norway Norris Cotton Canc Ctr Dartmouth Med Sch Lebanon NH USA Stat Norway Oslo Norway

Background. At a group level, cancer results in reduced labor earnings. Public benefits common to welfare states may, however, compensate for all or parts of the decline in earnings. Norwegian cancer survivors' incomes, including both labor earnings and compensatory welfare benefits, were compared to those of the cancer-free population to assess potential welfare consequences of cancer. Possible modifying effects of parental and marital status, education, prior earnings and age were assessed in depth. Material and methods. log-linear regression models were used to estimate incomes across different sociodemographic variables using register data covering the entire Norwegian population 40-59 years old with any income in 2008, 536 600 men and 502 500 women, of whom more than 17 000 were diagnosed with cancer in 2000-2007. Results. Compared to the cancer-free general population, cancer was associated with a modest 7% decline in incomes overall. The decline was, however, significantly associated with sociodemographic factors, marital status exempted. Childless men with low education and low prior earnings were most adversely affected. Lymphomas and lung cancer accounted largely for these unfavorable effects. Conclusions. Declines in earnings after cancer are to a large degree compensated by the Norwegian welfare state, and incomes overall are only modestly decreased among cancer survivors compared to the general population. Persons with multiple unfavorable sociodemographic characteristics experience particularly low incomes after cancer. This is of concern in a supposedly egalitarian society with public health care and antidiscrimination acts in place. Welfare state interventions, i.e. work reintegration efforts and/or compensations for labor earning drops, directed specifically towards these subgroups might be warranted.

关键词： PUBLIC welfare -- Economic aspects CANCER patients REPORTING of diseases INCOME log-linear models RESEARCH -- Finance SOCIOECONOMIC factors DATA analysis -- Software DESCRIPTIVE statistics

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

The log-linear group-lasso estimator and its asymptotic properties

引用

BERNOULLI 2012年第3期18卷 945-974页

作者： Nardi, Yuval Rinaldo, Alessandro Technion Israel Inst Technol Fac Ind Engn & Management IL-32000 Haifa Israel Carnegie Mellon Univ Dept Stat Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

We define the group-lasso estimator for the natural parameters of the exponential families of distributions representing hierarchical log-linear models under multinomial sampling scheme. Such estimator arises as the solution of a convex penalized likelihood optimization problem based on the group-lasso penalty. We illustrate how it is possible to construct an estimator of the underlying log-linear model using the blocks of nonzero coefficients recovered by the group-lasso procedure. We investigate the asymptotic properties of the group-lasso estimator as a model selection method in a double-asymptotic framework, in which both the sample size and the model complexity grow simultaneously. We provide conditions guaranteeing that the group-lasso estimator is model selection consistent, in the sense that, with overwhelming probability as the sample size increases, it correctly identifies all the sets of nonzero interactions among the variables. Provided the sequences of true underlying models is sparse enough, recovery is possible even if the number of cells grows larger than the sample size. Finally, we derive some central limit type of results for the log-linear group-lasso estimator.

关键词： consistency group lasso log-linear models model selection

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Outliers and Patterns of Outliers in Contingency Tables with Algebraic Statistics

引用

SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF STATISTICS 2012年第4期39卷 784-797页

作者： Rapallo, Fabio Univ Piemonte Orientale Dept DISTA I-15121 Alessandria Italy

. In this paper, we provide a definition of pattern of outliers in contingency tables within a model-based framework. In particular, we make use of log-linear models and exact goodness-of-fit tests to specify the notions of outlier and pattern of outliers. The language and some techniques from Algebraic Statistics are essential tools to make the definition clear and easily applicable. We also analyse several numerical examples to show how to use our definitions.

关键词： algebraic statistics goodness-of-fit tests log-linear models toric models

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Explicit length modelling for statistical machine translation

引用

PATTERN RECOGNITION 2012年第9期45卷 3183-3192页

作者： Albert Silvestre-Cerda, Joan Andres-Ferrer, Jesus Civera, Jorge Univ Politecn Valencia Dept Sistemes Informat & Computacio Valencia 46022 Spain

Explicit length modelling has been previously explored in statistical pattern recognition with successful results. In this paper, two length models along with two parameter estimation methods and two alternative parametrisations for statistical machine translation (SMT) are presented. More precisely, we incorporate explicit bilingual length modelling in a state-of-the-art log-linear SMT system as an additional feature function in order to prove the contribution of length information. Finally, a systematic evaluation on reference SMT tasks considering different language pairs proves the benefits of explicit length modelling. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Length modelling log-linear models Phrase-based models Statistical machine translation

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Quality assessment of ordinal scale reproducibility: log-linear models provided useful information on scale structure

引用

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOlogY 2008年第10期61卷 983-990页

作者： Valet, Fabien Guinot, Christiane Ezzedine, Khaled Mary, Jean-Yves Univ Paris 07 Hop St Louis INSERM Dept Biostat & Informat MedU717 F-75010 Paris France CERIES Biometr & Epidemiol Unit Neuilly Sur Seine France Univ Tours Comp Sci Lab Tours France ULB Erasme Hosp Dept Dermatol Brussels Belgium CNAM INRA INSERM Unite Mixte Rech Paris France

Objective: In health research, ordinal scales are extensively used. Reproducibility of ratings using these scales is important to assess their quality. This study aimed to compare two methods analyzing reproducibility: weighted Kappa statistic and log-linear models. Study Design and Setting: Contributions of each method to the reproducibility assessment of ratings using ordinal scales were compared using intra- and interobserver data chosen in three different fields: Crow's feet scale in dermatology, dysplasia scale in oncology, updated Sydney scale in gastroenterology. Results: Both methods provided an agreement level. In addition, log-linear models allowed evaluation of the structure of agreement. For the Crow's feet scale, both methods gave equivalent high agreement levels. For the dysplasia scale, log-linear models highlighted scale defects and Kappa statistic showed a moderate agreement. For the updated Sydney scale, log-linear models underlined a null distinguishability between two adjacent categories, whereas Kappa statistic gave a high global agreement level. Conclusion: Methods that can investigate level and structure of agreement between ordinal ratings are valuable tools, since they may highlight heterogeneities within the scales structure and suggest modifications to improve their reproducibility. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： rating scales reproducibility agreement Kappa distinguishability log-linear models

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Acceleration of the EM and ECM algorithms using the Aitken δ² method for log-linear models with partially classified data

引用

STATISTICS & PROBABILITY LETTERS 2008年第15期78卷 2332-2338页

作者： Kuroda, Masahiro Sakakihara, Michio Geng, Zhi Okayama Univ Sci Dept Socioinformat Okayama 7000005 Japan Okayama Univ Sci Dept Informat Sci Okayama 7000005 Japan Peking Univ Sch Math Sci Beijing 100871 Peoples R China

In this paper, we discuss the MLEs for log-linear models with partially classified data. We propose to apply the Aitken delta(2) method of Aitken [Aitken, A.C., 1926. On Bernoulli's numerical solution of algebraic equations. Proc. R. Soc. Edinburgh 46, 289-305] to the EM and ECM algorithms to accelerate their convergence. The Aitken 2 accelerated algorithm shares desirable properties of the EM algorithm, such as numerical stability, computational simplicity and flexibility in interpreting the incompleteness of data. We show the convergence of the Aitken delta(2) accelerated algorithm and compare its speed of convergence with that of the EM algorithm, and we also illustrate their performance by means of a simulation. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： ALGORITHMS log-linear models STOCHASTIC convergence SIMULATION methods & models MATHEMATICAL statistics MATHEMATICAL models

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

The log-linear Return Approximation, Bubbles, and Predictability

引用

JOURNAL OF FINANCIAL AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS 2012年第3期47卷 643-665页

作者： Engsted, Tom Pedersen, Thomas Q. Tanggaard, Carsten Aarhus Univ Dept Econ & Business CREATES DK-8210 Aarhus V Denmark

We study in detail the log-linear return approximation introduced by Campbell and Shiller (1988a). First, we derive an upper bound for the mean approximation error, given stationarity of the log dividend-price ratio. Next, we simulate various rational bubbles that have explosive conditional expectation, and we investigate the magnitude of the approximation error in those cases. We find that, surprisingly, the Campbell-Shiller approximation is very accurate even in the presence of large explosive bubbles. Only in very large samples do we find evidence that bubbles generate large approximation errors. Finally, we show that a bubble model in which expected returns are constant can explain the predictability of stock returns from the dividend-price ratio that many previous studies have documented.

关键词： APPROXIMATION theory ECONOMIC bubbles SIMULATION methods & models EXPECTED returns STOCKS (Finance) -- Rate of return DIVIDENDS STOCKS (Finance) -- Prices VALUE at risk REGRESSION analysis log-linear models CONDITIONAL expectations (Mathematics) APPROXIMATION error SAMPLE size (Statistics) EQUATIONS TAYLOR'S series

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Punishing and compensating others at your own expense: The role of empathic concern on reactions to distributive injustice

引用

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOlogY 2012年第2期42卷 135-140页

作者： Leliveld, Marijke C. Vandijk, Eric Vanbeest, Ilja Univ Groningen Dept Mkt Fac Econ & Business NL-9700 AB Groningen Netherlands Leiden Univ Leiden Inst Brain & Cognit NL-2300 RA Leiden Netherlands Leiden Univ Dept Social & Org Psychol NL-2300 RA Leiden Netherlands Tilburg Univ Dept Social Psychol Tilburg Netherlands

When confronted with violations of justice, people may be motivated not only to punish the violator, but also to compensate the victim. Whereas prior research has primarily concentrated on the question of when people are willing to punish, we provide a more comprehensive picture by also studying the willingness to compensate and by assessing the moderating role of empathic concern. Study 1 introduces the altruistic compensation game and shows that especially high empathic (compared to low empathic) people are willing to give up parts of their own resources to financially compensate the victims of distributive injustice. Study 2 completes the picture by directly comparing altruistic compensation with altruistic punishment. The study showed that high empathic people decided to compensate the victim, but low empathic people decided to punish the offender. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： ALTRUISM ANALYSIS of variance CHI-squared test DAMAGES (Law) log-linear models PUNISHMENT QUESTIONNAIRES SOCIAL attitudes DATA analysis -- Software DESCRIPTIVE statistics

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

The relationship between educational homogamy and educational mobility in 29 European countries

引用

INTERNATIONAL SOCIOlogY 2012年第4期27卷 551-573页

作者： Katrnak, Tomas Fucik, Petr Luijkx, Ruud Masaryk Univ Fac Social Studies Brno 60200 Czech Republic Tilburg Univ Tilburg Netherlands Masaryk Univ Inst Res Social Reprod & Integrat Brno 60200 Czech Republic

This article deals with the relationship between educational homogamy and educational mobility in 29 European countries. It answers three interrelated questions: (1) Is there any relationship between educational mobility and educational homogamy? (2) Does educational homogamy diverge from educational mobility (negative relationship) or does educational heterogamy strengthen educational mobility (positive relationship)? (3) If there is any positive relationship, do educational mobility and educational heterogamy indicate the level of educational inequality to the same degree? To answer these questions the authors use data from three waves of the European Social Survey (2002, 2004 and 2006). The answers are given in absolute (percentages) as well as in relative measures (log-multiplicative effects). The results show that there is a positive relationship between educational mobility and educational heterogamy. For all countries analysed, relative educational heterogamy is a stronger indicator of educational inequalities than relative educational mobility. The systematic deviation of educational heterogamy from educational mobility is explained by a number of factors that the authors discuss in the last part of the article.

关键词： Assortative mating educational homogamy educational mobility European Social Survey log-linear models log-multiplicative models

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

COMPARING MULTIPLE-GROUP MULTINOMIAL log-linear models FOR MULTIDIMENSIONAL SKILL DISTRIBUTIONS IN THE GENERAL DIAGNOSTIC MODEL

引用

ETS Research Report Series 2008年第1期2008卷 i-14页

作者： Xu, Xueli von Davier, Matthias ETS Princeton NJ United States

The general diagnostic model (GDM) utilizes located latent classes for modeling a multidimensional proficiency variable. In this paper, the GDM is extended by employing a log-linear model for multiple populations that assumes constraints on parameters across multiple groups. This constrained model is compared to log-linear models that assume separate sets of parameters to fit the distribution of latent variables in each group of a multiple-group model. Estimation of these constrained log-linear models using iterative weighted least squares (IWLS) methods is outlined and an application to NAEP data exemplifies the differences between constrained and unconstrained models in the presence of larger numbers of group-specific proficiency distributions. The use of log-linear models for the latent skill space distributions using constraints across populations allows for efficient computations in models that include many proficiency distributions. © 2008 Educational Testing Service.

关键词： general diagnostic model IWLS log-linear models multiple-group models

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：