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Structural design of distributed energy networks by a hierarchical combination of variable- and constraint-based decomposition methods

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ENERGY 2021年 224卷 120099-120099页

作者： Wakui, Tetsuya Hashiguchi, Moe Yokoyama, Ryohei Osaka Prefecture Univ Dept Mech Engn Naka Ku 1-1 Gakuen Cho Sakai Osaka 5998531 Japan

A near-optimal solution method of a large-scale design problem of a distributed energy network, consisting of multiple energy-supply systems under power and heat interchanges, is developed by hierarchically combining variable-and constraint-based decompositions. The design problem is formulated using mixed-integer linear programming, and its scale increases with the number of connected energy supply systems and daily patterns of energy demand. By focusing on the hierarchical relationship between design and operation variables, the original problem is decomposed into an upper-level design problem and lower-level coordinated operation problems based on the Benders decomposition. By focusing on power-and heat-interchange constraints, the coordinated operation problem is further decomposed into a master problem concerning power and heat interchanges and subproblems for energy supply in each energy-supply system based on the Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition. A near-optimal solution is calculated through a two-level iterative calculation, consisting of delayed constraint generation between the design problem and the coordinated operation problems and delayed column generation between the master problem and the subproblems in each coordinated operation problem. The near-optimal solution method is applied to the structural design problem of distributed energy networks incorporating 5e100 cogeneration systems, in which suboptimal solutions cannot be found in the conventional solution method. ? 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Distributed energy network Optimization Structural design Benders decomposition Dantzig-wolfe decomposition mixed-integer linear programming

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Integrated operational planning model, considering optimal delivery routing, incentives and electric vehicle aggregated demand management

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APPLIED ENERGY 2021年 304卷 117698-117698页

作者： Diaz-Cachinero, Pablo Munoz-Hernandez, Jose Ignacio Contreras, Javier Univ Castilla La Mancha Escuela Tecn Super Ingn Ind Power & Energy Anal & Res Lab PEARL Ciudad Real 13001 Spain Univ Castilla La Mancha Escuela Tecn Super Ingn Ind Power & Energy Anal & Res Lab PEARL Albacete 02071 Spain

The use of electric vehicles is being promoted to address emerging concerns about global warming associated with emissions from fossil fuels. Besides, in the context of parcel delivery deep growth related to e-commerce, electric vehicle is becoming an alternative to conventional fossil fuel technology. Intrinsically, the charging process implies the interdependence between the transportation and electric power systems. This paper presents a new multistage optimization-based approach that allows linking delivery routing and aggregated demand management in the transportation and electric power systems, respectively. For the routing and charging of each independent electric vehicle, battery degradation, acceleration-and speed-dependent power consumption, penalty for delivery delay, tolls, fixed charging prices and incentives for availability time are considered. An electric vehicle demand aggregator is used to guarantee the synergy between systems. Incentives are included to motivate electric vehicles to remain at charging intersections. However, attractive incentives can create electric power system congestion due to simultaneous charges on nodes. Thus, an iterative decongestion methodology is developed. The resulting model is divided into three stages: delivery allocation, delivery routing for each independent electric vehicle and optimal energy management by electric vehicle demand aggregator. The resulting optimization problem is cast as a mixed-integer linear programming model for the first two stages and a linear programming model for the third stage. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model on a real 284-intersection map with a set of 100 electric vehicles, showing that incentives allow electric vehicle demand aggregator to achieve cost savings of 8.5%.

关键词： Routing problem Electric vehicle demand aggregator Incentives for availability time mixed-integer linear programming Power system decongestion methodology

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Optimizing the utilization of excess heat for district heating in a chipboard production plant

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CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING 2021年 25卷

作者： Halmschlager, Verena Birkelbach, Felix Hofmann, Rene TU Wien Inst Energy Syst & Thermodynam Getreidemarkt 9-BA A-1060 Vienna Austria

The industry is responsible for about one third of the global energy consumption, and thus, reducing energy and emissions in this sector is crucial to reach global climate goals. Methods like operational optimization can improve industrial processes' efficiency, leading to a decrease of excess heat or total energy. By combining operational optimization with flexibility measures like thermal energy storage, intermittent heat can be optimally utilized. This work analyzes the optimal utilization of excess heat for district heating in a real-world industrial use case, a chipboard production plant. The process includes a combined heat and power unit and units for production. Electricity can be sold to the grid, and two district heating demands need to be met while satisfying the production schedule of the plant. To exploit the utilization of excess heat, four adaptations to the process are considered: Increased district heating feed-in capacities, the integration of two different thermal energy storages, and the activation of an additional heat exchanger for district heating. To optimize the process's operation with and without the adaptations, an optimization framework is developed. Its modular structure allows for straight-forward design adaptations. The outcomes show that the process's efficiency can be significantly improved by applying operational optimization and considering the process adaptations. In all scenarios, the currently contracted district heating feed-in capacity can be significantly increased, leading to profits up to 108,000 _ per month and reduction of energy losses up to 87 %. Although the heat exchanger's activation yields the highest profits of all scenarios, thermal energy storages can increase the process's flexibility. In the end, the decision, which modification is most viable depends on the operator's objectives.

关键词： Operational optimization Industrial energy hub Energy and production scheduling Thermal energy storage mixed-integer linear programming

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Optimal Design and Operation of River Basin Storage under Hydroclimatic Uncertainty

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JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT 2021年第9期147卷 04021055-04021055页

作者： Burrow, Andy Hering, Amanda S. Morton, David P. Newman, Alexandra M. Colorado Sch Mines Dept Mech Engn 1500 Illinois St Golden CO 80401 USA Baylor Univ Dept Stat Sci 1301 South Univ Pk Dr Waco TX 76706 USA Northwestern Univ Dept Ind Engn & Management Sci 2145 Sheridan Rd Evanston IL 60208 USA

As populations and economies expand in regions with changing climates, demand for water can quickly grow beyond what natural supply can sustain. This paper proposes to mitigate shortages, such as those that occur along the Lower South Platte River in northeastern Colorado, via a three-step approach: (1) create flow data scenarios, which represent a wide array of hydroclimatic outcomes;(2) use an existing simulation model to process these scenarios in order to locate excess supply and unmet demand both spatially and temporally;and (3) minimize the cost of alleviating identified shortages using a new, multiperiod, two-stage stochastic programming model, which determines reservoir location, size, type, and operation over a 50-year time horizon. Results indicate that demand associated with historical and seasonally shifted scenarios can be satisfied, and unmet demand associated with more challenging reduced-mean runoff scenarios can be mitigated substantially. Furthermore, multiple smaller reservoirs are preferred over a single large reservoir to hedge against these uncertainties.

关键词： Integrated water resource planning mixed-integer linear programming River basin management

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Evaluating the role of commercial parking bays for urban stakeholders on last-mile deliveries - A consideration of various sustainability aspects

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JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2021年 312卷 127462-127462页

作者： Trott, Maik Baur, Niels-Fabian Landwehr, Marvin Auf der Rieck, Julia von Viebahn, Christoph Hannover Univ Appl Sci & Arts Fac Business & Informat 4 Hannover Germany Univ Hildesheim Inst Business Adm & Informat Syst Operat Res Grp Hildesheim Germany

In this contribution, we assess the traditional last mile delivery concept and a framework with commercial parking bays for carriers in terms of their sustainability value for urban stakeholders. We evaluate the potential advantages and disadvantages of commercial parking bays and provide routing solutions based on the given context and stakeholder objectives. To ensure the needs of the stakeholders and the possibility of a near future implementation in the dynamic real-world system, we chose a combined approach of simulation and mathematical optimization, which allows us to investigate the concept efficiently and with a high reliability. By means of an agent-based simulation model as well as a mixed-integer linear model, we establish a heuristic routing solution for minimizing both emissions and delivery durations. We consider different scenarios in which customers are visited in a delivery radius, around a specific commercial parking bay. Outside this radius, delivery operations are conducted through second-row parking activities. Our results for the area of investigation show that the investigated scenario featuring a 200-m delivery radius around the parking bays has a 29.8% emission savings potential compared to traditional parcel delivery procedures. Moreover, optimizing the delivery routes with our green vehicle routing approach has indicated an additional savings potential of 26.4% in terms of delivery duration and 16.4% in terms of emission output for traditional parcel deliveries. Concerning the individual evaluation of the logistics context, our results indicate that dedicated commercial parking bays could be attractive to most urban stakeholders when employed utilizing a hybrid approach, combining traditional delivery activities with commercial parking bay fulfillment.

关键词： Simulation mixed-integer linear programming Green vehicle routing problem Split deliveries Last-mile deliveries Sustainability aspects

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An optimization framework for opportunistic planning of preventive maintenance activities

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RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY 2021年 215卷 107801-107801页

作者： Mena, R. Viveros, P. Zio, E. Campos, S. Univ Tecn Federico Santa Maria Dept Ind Engn Santiago Chile PSL Res Univ CRC MINES ParisTech Sophia Antipolis France Politecn Milan Energy Dept Via La Masa 34 I-20156 Milan Italy

Methodologies for designing maintenance policies, such as Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM), provide a list of recommended preventive maintenance (PM) activities as well as the periodicity for their execution, to comply with safety and reliability standards. This information is then used to elaborate PM plans, defining the instants of execution of each PM activity in the policy throughout a planning horizon, while assuring adequate levels of equipment availability, labor and resource coordination, and spare parts management. Preferably, it is sought to group PM activities executions to form opportunistic work packages to reduce functionality interruptions on the equipment. To address the latter issue, this paper presents an optimization framework for the medium-term opportunistic planning of PM activities on a single machine. The proposed framework is formulated as a computationally tractable continuous time mixed-integer linear program (MILP) that determines the execution instants of PM activities, considering time window tolerances for advancing or delaying executions to maximize the number of grouped executions or, equivalently, minimizing the number of stoppages needed to comply with a PM policy. Diverse numerical experiments are conducted, considering variants of the model regarding the conservativeness in use of the time window tolerances and the inclusion of resource constraints for planning. The results show that the reductions on the number of stoppages of the PM plans, that can be achieved from different levels of time window tolerances, are more significant for PM policies composed by activities with more heterogeneous periodicities of execution.

关键词： Preventive maintenance Opportunistic maintenance grouping Maintenance activities planning mixed-integer linear programming

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Tightened Formulation and Resolution of Energy-Efficient Job-Shop Scheduling 16

Tightened Formulation and Resolution of Energy-Efficient Job...

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16th IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)

作者： Yan, Bing Bragin, Mikhail A. Luh, Peter B. Rochester Inst Technol Dept Elect & Microelect Engn Rochester NY 14623 USA Univ Connecticut Dept Elect & Comp Engn Storrs CT 06269 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728169040

Job shops are an important production environment for low-volume high-variety manufacturing. When there are urgent orders, the speeds of certain machines can be adjusted with a high energy and wear and tear cost. Scheduling in such an environment is to achieve on-time deliveries and low energy costs. The problem is, however, complicated because part processing time depends on machine speeds, and machines need to be modeled individually to capture energy costs. This paper is to obtain near-optimal solutions efficiently. The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) form to make effective use of available MILP methods. This is done by modeling machines in groups for simplicity while approximating energy costs, and by linking part processing status and machine speed variables. Nevertheless, the resulting problem is still complicated. The formulation is therefore transformed by extending our previous tightening approach for machines with constant speeds. The idea is that if constraints can be transformed to directly delineate the convex hull, then the problem can be solved by linear programming methods. To solve the problem efficiently, our advanced decomposition and coordination method is used. Numerical results show that near-optimal solutions are obtained, demonstrating significant benefits of our approach on on-time deliveries and energy costs.

关键词： Job-shop scheduling energy costs mixed-integer linear programming formulation tightening

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A New Approach to Renewable Energy Sources Allocation considering Robustness against Fluctuations

A New Approach to Renewable Energy Sources Allocation consid...

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International Conference on Smart Grids and Energy Systems (SGES)

作者： Kwangkaew, Akanit Javaid, Saher Kaneko, Mineo Charoenlarpnopparut, Chalie Japan Adv Inst Sci & Technol Sch Informat Sci Nomi Ishikawa Japan Sirindhorn Int Inst Technol Sch ICT Pathum Thani Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9781728185507

Preserving natural resources and avoiding CO2 emission, renewable energy sources (RESs) are rapidly increasing as alternative energy sources, which is advancing conventional power systems to hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs). Since RESs rely on fluctuating sources, e.g., wind and solar, the allocation of RESs is becoming a complex problem as the high penetration of RESs in HRESs. In our system design method, the condition for the robustness against power fluctuation of RESs and loads is considered as the mandatory requirement for sizing and allocation of power sources. In this paper, we propose a new system design method for allocation (sizing and locating) of a set of sources and loads for HRES design with the robustness conditions. Another distinguishing feature of our method is to make use of the concept of the minimum matching in Graph Theory. Finally, we verify our proposed method by demonstrations on a simplified model of a real power distribution network.

关键词： allocation design robustness mixed-integer linear programming MILP renewable enery sources

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New step-by-step retrofitting model for delivering optimum timing

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APPLIED ENERGY 2021年 290卷 116714-116714页

作者： Maia, Ina Kranzl, Lukas Muller, Andreas Tech Univ Wien Energy Econ Grp EEG Vienna Austria

Although the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive 2018/844/EU introduced the building renovation passport and by such proposed to consider step-by-step renovation, a literature review could not identify any explicit step-by-step retrofitting optimisation model. Therefore, the present study seeks to explore the following research questions: which indications regarding the optimum timing of renovation steps can a net present value maximising model deliver;how are model?s results impacted by the interdependency of renovation steps and by homeowner?s budget restrictions. The model relies on three pillars: homeowners? budget restrictions;building material ageing processes;and interdependency between the retrofitting steps. Implemented as a mixed-integer linear program, it maximises the net present value of households? energy-related cash flows, and delivers the optimum timing when each step should be performed. As input data, five real-life building renovation roadmaps were used. The appropriate metric to assess building?s retrofitting energy savings is also discussed. When comparing both single-step and step-by-step approaches, the step-by-step presented 11?22% higher cumulated energy savings. Results also show that a renovation period would last between 1 and 14 years and 2 to 11 years, depending on whether interdependency of measures is considered. This has direct implications on the improvement of building stocks? energy efficiency, and consequently, the achievement of decarbonisation targets set for 2050. In this context, the model delivers a more concrete time horizon perspective in regards to the achievement of these targets. Future work will include quantifying the economic effects of interdependency of steps and expanding the analysis for varies techno-economic building typologies.

关键词： Step-by-step retrofitting mixed-integer linear programming Net present value Building renovation passport Building stock Decarbonisation

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Design and dispatch optimization of packaged ice storage systems within a connected community

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APPLIED ENERGY 2021年 298卷 117147-117147页

作者： Heine, Karl Tabares-Velasco, Paulo Cesar Deru, Michael Colorado Sch Mines Golden CO 80401 USA Natl Renewable Energy Lab Golden CO 80401 USA

The traditional implementation of cool thermal energy storage (CTES) must be reimagined within the context of a dynamic grid and smart buildings operating as connected communities. As most buildings do not operate central chillers or connect to district cooling loops, this necessitates a broader use of packaged CTES. Our objective is to begin answering the question of how such packaged CTES should be implemented within a connected community. We do so by presenting a simulation-optimization workflow employing building energy modeling software and a mixed-integer linear program to design and dispatch a packaged CTES technology to achieve minimum total annual cost. We demonstrate this methodology on a seven-building case study using current utility rates and find that total annual cooling energy costs can be reduced by 17.8% compared to baseline, after accounting for the cost of storage. We perform three parametric sensitivity studies to evaluate modeling assumptions and obtain the prioritization of storage procurement as a function of annualized life-cycle cost of storage. We find that a community optimization approach provides significantly different results than individual building optimizations and provides greater savings compared to baseline.

关键词： Connected community optimization Cool thermal energy storage mixed-integer linear programming Packaged ice storage Unitary thermal storage systems Energy storage EnergyPlus

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