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power hardware in the loop methodology applied in the integration of wind energy conversion system under fluctuations: a case study

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ENERGY SOURCES PART A-RECOVERY UTILIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS 2024年第1期46卷 2767-2791页

作者： Rosales-Valladares, Valery Rubi Salgado-Herrera, Nadia Maria Rodriguez-Hernandez, Osvaldo Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Juan Ramon Granados-Lieberman, David Anaya-Lara, Olimpo Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico Inst Energias Renovables Temixco Mexico Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico Fac Ingn Dept Energia Electr Coyoacan Mexico Inst Tecnol Super Irapuato ITESI Dept Ingn Electromecan Irapuato Mexico Univ Strathclyde Inst Energy & Environm Glasgow Scotland Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico Inst Energias Renovables Col Ctr Priv Xochicalco S-N Temixco 62580 Mexico

In this paper, a power hardware in the loop (p-HIL) validation of a wind energy conversion system (WECS) interconnected into the balanced or unbalanced grid is presented. WECS power is obtained from wind fluctuations of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, and transferred through the DC-AC power electronic converter (PEC). A robust control law based on a simple PI regulator and phasor analysis is proposed, having advantages, such as continuous power generation, operating both under balanced and unbalanced grid conditions;total harmonic distortion (THD) reduction less than 3%;power factor (PF) correction close to the unit;balanced grid currents;a simple mathematical analysis. The main objective is to keep the WECS connected to the electrical grid even in the presence of unbalanced three-phase voltages, including contributions such as: i) VDC ripple reduction;ii) Balanced currents;iii) Sinusoidal currents;iv) Free of Sequence calculation;v) Free of dq0 or alpha beta Transforms;vi) Simple PI loop control;and vii) Experimental Validation. The WECS efficiency and robustness are assessed by a complete mathematical examination, validated by the simulations in MATLAB-Simulink (R), and support with experimental results through the real-time simulator Opal-RT Technologies (R), a low-scale laboratory prototype, and p-HIL methodology. The results present a DC link voltage constant at 75 V and optimal and reliable power integration with an efficiency of 95%.

关键词： Wind energy conversion system power hardware in the loop unbalanced distribution electrical networks phasorial approach control power electronics converters Opal-RT Technologies (R)

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Multi-Rate Discrete Domain Modeling of power hardware-in-The-loop Setups

IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS

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IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF power ELECTRONICS 2023年 4卷 539-548页

作者： Ashrafidehkordi, Fargah Kottonau, Dustin De Carne, Giovanni Karlsruhe Inst Technol Inst Tech Phys D-76344 Karlsruhe Germany

power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) facilitates the testing of novel power engineering solutions in the lab, allowing a flexible testing environment while keeping the high testing fidelity of real hardware. Due to the analog/digital intersection of the PHIL setup, selecting simply continuous or single-rate discrete-time domain fails to model such a hybrid system accurately. This article proposes a multi-rate discrete-time modeling approach of a PHIL setup that can estimate the mixed analog and digital nature of the PHIL accurately, resulting in accuracy improvement over a wide range of frequencies. The proposed approach applies two different sampling times, a large one connected to the digital simulator and a small one for modeling the analog-hardware part. Dynamics and delays of interfaces, such as analog-to-digital converters, the power amplifier, the sensor, and the low-pass filter, have been accurately modeled and validated by means of experimental results.

关键词： & nbsp power hardware in the loop digital real-time simulations power hardware in the loop stability multi-rate discrete-time sampling

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An Embedded Approach towards power hardware-In-loop (PHIL) Simulation of Grid Connected Inverters (GCIs) 9

An Embedded Approach towards Power Hardware-In-Loop (PHIL) S...

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9th International Workshop on Electronic power Grid

作者： Mirzahosseini, Ramin Tara, Ehsan Zhang, Yi Iravani, Reza Univ Toronto ECE Dept Toronto ON Canada Univ Manitoba ECE Dept Winnipeg MB Canada RTDS Technol Inc Winnipeg MB Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798331505493;9798331505509

This paper deals with the power-hardware-In-theloop (PHIL) simulation of Grid Connected Inverters (GCIs). The inductive nature of the Device-under-Test (DUT), i.e., GCIs, system impedance, and the delays in the loop create simulation stability challenges. This paper presents an embedded approach towards PHIL testing of GCI DUTs. In this approach the DUT model is represented in real-time simulation process based on a technique similar to that of representing component models in an Electromagnetic Transient (EMT) program. This means the model, representing the DUT, includes admittance and history source elements. To account for the delay in the loop, a Quasi Multi-Rate (QMR) integration method is employed to discretize the DUT model and obtain the admittance element. The history source values are obtained based on the DUT state variable measurements. The approach is applied to a GCI and the results are presented which demonstrate practical delay compensation, i.e., improved stability characteristics while maintaining accuracy. To examine the stability and accuracy of the PHIL test, before closing the loop, a step-by-step procedure based on frequency scanning is presented.

关键词： PHIL DUT Grid-Connected Inverter Simulation power hardware in the loop

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A neural network-based model for MCSA of inter-turn short-circuit faults in induction motors and its power hardware in the loop simulation

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COMPUTERS & ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 2021年 93卷 107234-107234页

作者： Mejia-Barron, Arturo Tapia-Tinoco, Guillermo Razo-Hernandez, Jose R. Valtierra-Rodriguez, Martin Granados-Lieberman, David Univ Autonoma Queretaro UAQ ENAP Res Grp CA Sistemas Dinam & Control Lab Sistemas & Equipos Elect LaSEEFac Ingn Campus San Juan Del RioRio Moctezuma 249 San Juan Del Rio 76807 Qro Mexico Univ Guanajuato Engn Div ENAP Res Grp Campus Irapuato SalamancaCarretera Salamanca Guanajuato 36885 Mexico Inst Tecnol Super Irapuato ITESI Tecnol Nacl Mexico CA Fuentes Alternas & Calidad Energia Elect ENAP Res GrpDept Ingn Electromecan Carr Irapuato Silao Km 12-5 Guanajuato 36821 Mexico

Induction motors (IMs) are one of the most commonly used rotating machines in industry. In order to avoid downtimes and economical losses, development of condition monitoring systems is of paramount importance. Inter-turn short circuit (ITSC) faults are one of the most commonly occurring faults in IMs. In this regard, motor current signature analysis (MCSA) is a low cost and noninvasive technique, requiring only the current signal to perform the condition monitoring. Also, the development of tools that emulate IM faults, allow the design, calibration and validation of MCSA based techniques. In this work, a multilayer neural network-based model to reproduce the current signatures associated with ITSC fault conditions is presented. The model considers both five severities of ITSC faults and four torque levels. This model is also implemented on a power hardware in the loop scheme to provide a novel tool to test condition monitoring systems of IMs.

关键词： Induction motor Interturn short-circuit fault Motor current signal analysis Neural network power hardware in the loop

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Comparison of Two power Electronic Topologies for power hardware in the loop Machine Emulator 35

Comparison of Two Power Electronic Topologies for Power Hard...

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IEEE Applied power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)

作者： Fischer, Manuel Erthle, Dennis Ziegler, Philipp Ruthardt, Johannes Roth-Stielow, Joerg Univ Stuttgart Inst Power Elect & Elect Drives Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781728148298

Emulating electrical machines simplifies development and testing inverters and their control systems in different operating conditions. Therefore, two fundamental components are required: a real-time operating machine model and an applicable power electronic device, which adjusts the same currents and voltages as the surveyed machine would. Within this paper, two different power electronic topologies are compared regarding their suitability for hardware in the loop machine emulation. The surveyed topologies are a multi-branch interleaved-switched inverter on the one hand and an inverter with output filter on the other hand. Especially their dynamic behavior in emulating the machine currents' course as precise as possible is investigated. Moreover, additional disturbances caused by the power electronics' switched-mode operation are analyzed, too. For this purpose, both power electronic devices are set up in hardware, controlled by an exemplary machine model. This paper presents the setup of the two topologies and the dedicated control system as well as the analysis by simulation and measurement.

关键词： power hardware in the loop inverter machine emulation inverter control

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Modelling and Experimental Evaluation of Ideal Transformer Algorithm Interface for power hardware in the loop Architecture 35

Modelling and Experimental Evaluation of Ideal Transformer A...

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IEEE Applied power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)

作者： Pokharel, Mandip Ho, Carl Ngai Man Univ Manitoba Renewable Energy Integrat & Grid Automat RIGA Lab Dept ECE Winnipeg MB Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781728148298

Interface devices are crucial to achieving power hardware in the loop (PHIL) configuration. It is the interface that separates PHIL implementation with its real counterpart. This inclusion of interface at power decoupling point has raised the concern of stability and accuracy among researchers. It is therefore essential to study the effect of interface if the PHIL system is to be entirely understood. Ideal Transformer Algorithm (ITA) is one of the widely used interfacing method for PHIL due to its implementation simplicity. Moreover, the existing models of ITA relies only on the theoretical model developed. This work constitutes the study and development of accurate mathematical model of individual interface devices in ITA. Further, this paper uses a frequency sweep approach to determine the responses from the actual system consisting of a Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS). This experimentally obtained frequency response is then compared with model response to test the accuracy of the developed model. This paper therefore bridges the existing gap in interface model by experimentally verifying the developed model. The theoretical and experimental model are well within agreement to further the studies in PHIL.

关键词： Ideal Transformer Algorithm Interface Frequency response power hardware in the loop Real Time Simulations

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Research on stability issues of a grid-connected PV inverter in power hardware in the loop (PHIL) architecture

Research on stability issues of a grid-connected PV inverter...

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作者： Mandip Pokharel University of Manitoba

学位级别：博士

This thesis presents an in-detail stability analysis of a power hardware in the loop (PHIL) network formed through an Ideal Transformer Method (ITM) interface. The ever-growing demand for PHIL testing necessitates thorough research in the area. The ITM interface devices are crucial in determining the accurate and stable PHIL. Therefore, this thesis considers the parameters of these individual devices to develop analytical equations with which the stability can be determined quantitatively. This helps in choosing the interface devices as well as the system parameters before forming the PHIL setup. The PHIL testing is something that requires an experimental result to validate its operation besides the theoretical and mathematical formulations. The work in this thesis follows the methodology of mathematical analysis followed by experimental results. The PHIL setup used in this thesis for its analysis considers a simple resistor divider network to formulate its hypothesis and finally extends the study to evaluate a Grid-Connected PV Inverter (GCPI) in a PHIL architecture. The delay present in the PHIL network as a result of non-ideal interface devices creates a major discrepancy between the results in the actual system with the PHIL system. In order to eliminate the effect of this delay, this thesis considers the application of a Smith Predictor (SP) compensator. This SP compensator consists of a model of the interface and the estimation of the delay in the PHIL network of choice. This thesis works towards developing the model of the interface device in the ITM interface. To validate the model, an experimental gain and phase measurements are made and compared with the gain and phase of the model. This ensures that an accurate model of the interface is obtained to model the SP compensator. Also, the round-trip delay of the PHIL network under study is estimated through various combinations of I/O devices. Once the SP compensator model is developed, it is implemented in Re

关键词： Boundary Control Delay Fast Dynamic Gain Phase Measurement hardware in the loop Ideal Transformer Method Incremental Conductance Interface Algorithm Maximum power Point Pade Approximation Photovoltaic power Amplifier power hardware in the loop PV Inverter Real Time Simulator Routh-Hurwitz Criteria RTDS Small-signal Stability Smith Predictor Stability Switched-mode Amplifier Transient Response Voltage Source Inverter

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H-infinity Robust Control of a Transparent power-hardware-in-the-loop System

H-infinity Robust Control of a Transparent Power-Hardware-in...

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IEEE Electrical power and Energy Conference (EPEC)

作者： Liu, Zhaolin Colombino, Marcello Rimorov, Dmitry Swiss Fed Inst Technol D MAVT Zurich Switzerland Fortum OY Energy Intelligence Zurich Switzerland Hydro Quebec IREQ Montreal PQ Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781665429283

power-hardware-in-the-loop system is a testing infrastructure capable of integrating real equipment and highly accurate real-time simulation models of power grids. The interface operating between the hardware and software is a complex hybrid control system tasked with ensuring that the both the hardware and simulation system are seamlessly integrated. As such, it may face stability, robustness and performance issues, for which different methods have been proposed in the literature. This paper proposes a novel method of designing the control interface using H-infinity robust control tools. We utilise a nominal model with parameter uncertainties, allowing the resulting controller to not only achieve robust stability within the uncertainty space but also improve performance and accuracy. Based on simulations containing a wide range of parameters, the H-infinity robust control method shows promising results compared with the state of the art in the literature. It offers the ability to synthesise a controller that is robust against uncertainties in time delay and impedance values, and at the same time, allows the designer to have more flexibility in characterising the performance and stability of the interface algorithm.

关键词： power hardware in the loop simulation interface transparent robust control H-infinity

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Design and Implementation of Switch-mode Solar Photovoltaic Emulator using power-hardware-in-the-loop Simulations for Grid Integration Studies 11

Design and Implementation of Switch-mode Solar Photovoltaic ...

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11th Annual IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)

作者： Jayawardana, Isuru Ho, Carl Ngai Man Pokharel, Mandip Univ Manitoba Dept Elect & Comp Engn Renewable Energy Interface & Grid Automat Lab Winnipeg MB Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781728103952

This paper presents a photovoltaic (PV) emulator based on power hardware in the loop Simulation (PHILS). Use of PHILS for source emulation is getting popular in the modern day due to its advantage in recreating an actual like testing environment. However, selection of proper power interface is crucial to achieve a stable PHILS. This paper utilizes an advanced control algorithm to extend the bandwidth of a switched mode buck-based power amplifier (PA). This allows PA in the interface to minimize the latencies thereby helping in the stability of the PHILS. The PV model inside the real time simulator is used to generate the PV characteristics as required. This allows user to have better flexibility as compared to conventional standalone PV emulator in a test setup for grid integration studies. A 260 W buck converter prototype is designed and implemented to realize the power amplification stage. The PV array model is simulated in real time digital simulator (RTDS). A comparative experimental evaluation is conducted between the real time PV array simulation and PHIL based PV emulator to validate its performance.

关键词： Solar PV emulator PV simulator power hardware in the loop real time simulation

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Stability and Accuracy Considerations in the Design and Implementation of Wind Turbine power hardware in the loop Platform

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CSEE Journal of power and Energy Systems 2017年第2期3卷 167-175页

作者： Kui Luo Wenhui Shi Yongning Chi Qiuwei Wu Weisheng Wang State Key Laboratory of Operation and Control of Renewable Energy&Storage System China Electric Power Research Institute(CEPRI)Beijing 100192China Center for Electric Power and Energy(CEE) Department of Electrical EngineeringTechnical University of Denmark(DTU)Kgs.Lyngby 2800Denmark

There is increasing interest in the evaluation of wind turbine control capabilities for providing grid *** hardware in the loop(PHIL)simulation is an advanced method that can be used for studying the interaction of hardware with the power network,as the scaled-down actual wind turbine is connected with a simulated system through an *** consideration must be made in the design of the PHIL platform to ensure that the system is stable and yields accurate *** paper presents a method for stabilizing the PHIL interface and improving the accuracy of PHIL simulation in a real-time *** method factors in both the power and voltage scaling level,and a phase compensation *** uses the reactive power control capability of the wind turbine inverter to eliminate the phase shift imposed by the feedback current *** is accomplished with no negative impact on the dynamic behavior of the wind *** PHIL simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed stability analysis method and phase compensation *** strength of the platform is demonstrated by extending the simulation method to wind turbine control validation.

关键词： Phase compensation power hardware in the loop stability and accuracy wind turbine

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