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A Soft-Defined pulse width modulation Approach-Part II: System Modeling

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS 2015年第9期62卷 2290-2300页

作者： Caporale, Salvatore Pareschi, Fabio Cambareri, Valerio Rovatti, Riccardo Setti, Gianluca Heriot Watt Univ Inst Sensors Signals & Syst Edinburgh EH14 4AS Midlothian Scotland Univ Ferrara ENDIF I-44122 Ferrara Italy Univ Bologna ARCES I-40126 Bologna Italy Catholic Univ Louvain ELEN ICTEAM B-1348 Louvain Belgium Univ Bologna DEI I-40126 Bologna Italy

In this work we model from a system design perspective the realization of a novel mixed-signal approach to pulse width modulation (PWM). The working principle for the approach, along with an implementation scheme comprised of a digital zero-positioning (ZP) followed by a proper digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and comparator, has been introduced in a companion paper. We here focus on analyzing the global system in order to get a model of its performances in terms of dynamic range and non-linearity. Since non-linearities and quantization noise occur between the ZP and the comparator, firstly, upstream models for them are provided;then their effect on the PWM signal is calculated by means of a downstream model of perturbations at the input of an ideal natural sampling PWM. Finally, an exhaustive formula for the resulting dynamic range is given and some configurations of practical interest are proposed.

关键词： Class-D amplifier mixed-signal pulse-width modulation

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SET pulse-width Measurement Suppressing pulse-width modulation and Within-Die Process Variation Effects

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER SCIENCES 2014年第7期E97A卷 1461-1467页

作者： Harada, Ryo Mitsuyama, Yukio Hashimoto, Masanori Onoye, Takao Osaka Univ Dept Informat Syst Engn Suita Osaka 5650871 Japan JST CREST Tokyo 1020075 Japan Kochi Univ Technol Sch Syst Engn Kami 7828502 Japan

This paper presents a measurement circuit structure for capturing SET pulse-width suppressing pulse-width modulation and within-die process variation effects. For mitigating pulse-width modulation while maintaining area efficiency, the proposed circuit uses massively parallelized short inverter chains as a target circuit. Moreover, for each inverter chain on each die, pulse-width calibration is performed. In measurements, narrow SET pulses ranging 5 ps to 215 Ps were obtained. We confirm that an overestimation of pulse-width may happen when ignoring die-to-die and within-die variation of the measurement circuit. Our evaluation results thus point out that calibration for within-die variation in addition to die-to-die variation of the measurement circuit is indispensable.

关键词： soft error single event transient (SET) pulse-width pulse-width modulation measurement circuit within-die process variation

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System for Flow Rate Regulation with pulse-width modulation

System for Flow Rate Regulation with Pulse-Width Modulation

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IEEE 34th International Conference on Electronics and Nanotechnology (ELNANO)

作者： Tomashevskyi, Roman Kulichenko, Viacheslav Mahonin, Nikolay NTU KhPI Dept Ind & Biomed Inst Kharkov Ukraine

ISBN: (纸本)9781479945801

In article describes the concept of the flow control system for ozone-oxygen mixture, using the principles of pulse-width modulation. The basic equation for calculation of the system measurement channel are given. Experimental studies of such air channel system and its performance characteristics are describes. The possibility of using flow control system ozone-oxygen mixture in medical ozone is shown.

关键词： control system discharge chamber flowrate control ozone generator pulse-width modulation

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A 23dBm Fully Digital Transmitter using ΣΔ and pulse-width modulation for LTE and WLAN Applications in 45nm CMOS

A 23dBm Fully Digital Transmitter using ΣΔ and Pulse-width...

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IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium

作者： Hezar, Rahmi Ding, Lei Hur, Joonhoi Haroun, Baher Texas Instruments Inc Dallas TX 75243 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479938643

This paper presents a 23 dBm fully digital transmitter designed in a standard 45 nm CMOS process. The digital transmitter replaces the entire analog/RF signal chain in a traditional transmitter architecture. It utilizes Sigma Delta modulation and pulse-width modulation to turn high resolution baseband I and Q signals into switching signals, thereby allowing efficient Class-D PA stages to be used. In addition, cascaded Sigma Delta stages and switched-capacitor combining are incorporated into the architecture to reduced out-of-band quantization noise while maintaining good efficiency. The proposed transmitter achieves peak output power of 23 dBm with 47% power added efficiency (PAE). For a OFDM signal with 8.2 dB peak-to-average power ratio (PAR), the PAE is 23 %. The linearity of the digital transmitter meets WiFi spectral mask without any digital predistortion.

关键词： sigma-delta modulation pulse-width modulation Class-D CMOS power amplifier switched-capacitor power amplifier

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Systematic design approach for coupled inductor filters with improved stability and high-frequency attenuation

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JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS 2025年第1期25卷 149-159页

作者： Lee, Kahyun Choi, Hyeon-gyu Ewha Womans Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn Seoul 03760 South Korea Incheon Natl Univ Dept Elect Engn Incheon South Korea

This paper introduces a systematic design approach for the coupled inductor filter, a well-established topology known for effectively suppressing high-frequency ripples. The coupled inductor filter is particularly suitable for mitigating switching ripples in switching converters because of its specific frequency notch characteristic. Its transfer function comprises two double poles and one double zero, with one double pole defining the filter's bandwidth frequency and the double zero determining the notch frequency. However, the presence of an additional double pole may lead to stability issues, depending on its frequency domain placement, making precise positioning critical. Despite the coupled inductor filter's robust performance, a systematic design approach for this filter has not been previously established, primarily due to its complexity. To address this gap, this paper details a method for accurately positioning the problematic double pole using the pole-zero placement technique, thereby reducing the risk of instability. Moreover, this method enhances the filter's high-frequency attenuation capabilities, as confirmed by transfer function analysis. Experimental results are presented to validate the implementation and effectiveness of the proposed design method.

关键词： Converter Coupled-inductor filters Noise attenuation Pole-zero placement pulse-width modulation

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Bandwidth oriented approach for the design of a PI controller for a three phase two-stage grid-connected PV system

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS 2024年第6期111卷 1033-1053页

作者： Murdan, Anshu Prakash Jahmeerbacus, Iqbal Sayed Hassen, S. Z. Univ Mauritius Dept Elect & Elect Engn Moka Mauritius

The two-stage power converter is currently the most widespread topology for three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. The PV power is injected to the grid through the regulation of the dc-link voltage. This method is commonly called the voltage control method, whereby the current is controlled indirectly. This paper focuses on the modelling of power converters and the parameter design of proportional-integral (PI) controllers, based on the bandwidth of the inner current loop and the outer voltage loop. It is assumed that the inner loop has a bandwidth that is ten-fold bigger than that of the outer loop, in order to fully decouple the dual loops. The PI parameters are thus determined through this relationship, and two sets of simulations are run to validate the methodology used. Results show that the controllers give highly satisfactory performance even in the presence of transients introduced by rapidly varying irradiance model.

关键词： Current loop voltage loop Park and Clark transformations pulse-width modulation voltage regulation

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Fuel cell stack design and modelling with a double-stage boost converter coupled to a single-phase inverter

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Clean Energy 2024年第1期8卷 188-196页

作者： Basem E.Elnagi Ahmed M.Ismaiel Hany S.E.Mansour M.N.Abd-Alwahab Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringSuez Canal UniversityIsmailia 41522Egypt

A comprehensive proton-exchange membrane fuel cell stack model was developed and integrated with a two-stage DC/DC boost *** was directly coupled to a single-phase(two levels-four pulses)inverter without a *** pulse-width modu-lation signal was used to independently regulate every converter *** converter was modelled using a MATLAB®/Simulink®environment and an appropriate voltage control *** analysis features of the suggested circuit were created and,through established experiments,the simulation results were verified.A single-phase(two levels-four pulses)inverter control circuit was tested and it produced a pure sinusoidal waveform with voltage *** matches the voltage of the network in terms of amplitude and frequency.A sinusoidal pulse-width modulation approach was performed using a single-phase(two levels-four pulses)pulse-width modulation *** results demonstrated an enhancement in the standard of the output wave and tuned the dead time with a reduction of 63μs compared with 180μs in conventional techniques.

关键词： PEM fuel cell pulse-width modulation single-phase inverter and double-stage DC/DC boost converter

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Variable Frequency Drives-Induced Torsional Stresses in Pumped Hydropower Storage Applications

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IEEE ACCESS 2024年 12卷 35984-36001页

作者： Lingom, Pascal M. Song-Manguelle, Joseph Betoka-Onyama, Simon Pierre Doumbia, Mamadou Lamine Univ Quebec Trois Rivieres Dept Elect & Comp Engn Trois Rivieres PQ G8Z 4M3 Canada

Despite consistent maintenance and monitoring equipment installed in pumped storage hydropower (PSH) facilities, many shafts and electrical component failures are reported, possibly resulting from undetected sources. These sources include undetectable vibrations or, in certain conditions, high-frequency mechanical or electrical harmonics. This paper presents a direct method for plotting Campbell diagrams of large motors supplied by variable frequency drives (VFDs) for torsional analysis purposes in PSH systems. These diagrams display the precise locations where torsional stress components induced by VFDs can interfere with shaft resonance modes. The method simplifies the determination of the magnitude of stimulus forces in the motor airgap that may threaten the shaft. The method has been successfully applied to two-level, three-level neutral-point clamped, and seven-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverters, which are commonly used industrially available VFD topologies for pumped PSH plants. The paper also discusses the theoretical motor-pump voltage, current, and torque spectra when driven by a cascaded H-bridge multilevel converter operating with bypassed and faulty cells. The accuracy of the theoretical developments is supported by selected simulations results at different operating points and different fault conditions. Hybrid experimental-numerical VFD-induced harmonic stress analysis is also performed to demonstrate the relevance of the proposed study.

关键词： Airgap torque hydropower pulse-width modulation resonance torsional analysis torsional stress

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Hybrid model predictive control techniques for safety factor profile and stored energy regulation while incorporating NBI constraints

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NUCLEAR FUSION 2024年第8期64卷 086052-086052页

作者： Leard, Brian Wang, Zibo Paruchuri, Sai Tej Schuster, Eugenio Rafiq, Tariq Lehigh Univ Bethlehem PA 18015 USA

A novel hybrid Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm has been designed for simultaneous safety factor (q) profile and stored energy (w) control while incorporating the pulse-width-modulation constraints associated with the neutral beam injection (NBI) system. Regulation of the q-profile has been extensively shown to be a key factor for improved confinement as well as non-inductive sustainment of the plasma current. Simultaneous control of w is necessary to prevent the triggering of pressure-driven magnetohydrodynamic instabilities as the controller shapes the q profile. Conventional MPC schemes proposed for q-profile control have considered the NBI powers as continuous-time signals, ignoring the discrete-time nature of these actuators and leading in some cases to performance loss. The hybrid MPC scheme in this work has the capability of incorporating the discrete-time actuator dynamics as additional constraints. In nonlinear simulations, the proposed hybrid MPC scheme demonstrates improved q-profile+w control performance for NSTX-U operating scenarios.

关键词： hybrid system model predictive control discrete constraints pulse-width modulation mixed integer quadratic programming safety factor profile

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Real-time control of NBI fast ions, current-drive and heating properties

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NUCLEAR FUSION 2024年第5期64卷 056002-056002页

作者： Weiland, M. Kudlacek, O. Sieglin, B. Bilato, R. Plank, U. Treutterer, W. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys Garching Germany

Conventionally, neutral beam injection (NBI) in tokamaks is controlled via engineering parameters such as injection voltage and power. Recently, the high-fidelity real-time NBI code RABBIT has been coupled to the discharge control system of ASDEX Upgrade. It allows to calculate the NBI fast-ion distribution and hence the properties of NBI in real-time, making it possible to control them directly. We successfully demonstrate control of driven current, ion heating and stored fast-ion energy by modifying the injected beam power. A combined ECRH and NBI controller is also successfully tested, which is able to adjust the heating mix between ECRH and NBI to match a certain desired ion heating fraction at given total power. Further experiments have been carried out towards control of the ion heat flux (i.e. ion heating plus collisional heat transfer between ions and electrons). They show good initial success, but also leave room for future improvements as the controller runs into instabilities at too high requests.

关键词： real time control heat flux RABBIT pulse-width modulation control system plasma control neutral beam

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