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Constellation Collaborated Nonlinear Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes With Fast Maximum-Likelihood Detection

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 2017年第1期66卷 513-528页

作者： Zhu, Yi-Jun Wang, Wen-Ya Zhang, Jian-Kang Zhang, Yan-Yu Natl Digital Switching Syst Engn & Technol Res Ct Zhengzhou 450000 Peoples R China McMaster Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Hamilton ON L8S 4K1 Canada

In this paper, constellation collaborated nonlinear orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBCs) for wireless communication systems are considered. Using the recently developed unique factorization of signals, several uniquely factorable constellation pairs (UFCPs) generated from cross quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellations are chosen for transmission through all the transmitter antennas, with one random symbol acting as a coordinator to control all the symbols embedded in each coding matrix. The coding gains of collaborated orthogonal codes are calculated, and some optimal constellation pairs with maximum coding gains are presented, including orthogonal codes with different antennas and UFCPs with different groups. Despite the fact that the proposed code is nonlinear, a fast maximum likelihood (ML) decoding algorithm is developed, and its complexity is analyzed in detail. By comparing the decoding complexity of conventional Alamouti code, the ML algorithm, and the fast ML decoding algorithm of collaborative Alamouti code, it can be observed that the complexity of fast ML algorithm is still linear in terms of the square root of the cardinality of the cross QAM constellations with no performance loss. Computer simulations are performed to verify the performance of collaborative OSTBCs and the fast ML Algorithm under different conditions, and the results demonstrate that the average error rate of the collaborative nonlinear orthogonal codes outperforms that of the conventional OSTBCs.

关键词： Alamouti code coding gain constellation collaborated Alamouti code cross quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellations maximum likelihood (ML) receiver uniquely factorable constellation pair (UFCP)

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ECG data compression using cut and align beats approach and 2-D transforms

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 1999年第5期46卷 556-564页

作者： Lee, H Buckley, KM Villanova Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Villanova PA 19085 USA Univ Minnesota Dept Elect Engn Minneapolis MN 55455 USA

A new electrocardiogram (ECG) data compression method is presented which employs a two dimensional (2-D) transform, This 2-D transform method utilizes the fact that ECG signals generally show two types of redundancies-between adjacent heartbeats and between adjacent samples, A heartbeat data sequence is cut and beat-aligned to form a 2-D data array. Any 2-D compression method can then be applied. Transform coding using the 2-D discrete cosine transform (DCT) [2-D DCT] is employed here as an example, Using selections from the MIT-BIH arrhythmia and Medtronic databases, results are presented that illustrate substantial improvement in compression ratio over one-dimensional methods for comparable percent root-mean-square difference (PRD).

关键词： beat-to-beat correlation coding gain cut and align data compression electrocardiogram (ECG transform coding two-dimensional discrete cosine transform (2-D DCT

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Optimization of SNR improvement in the noncoherent OTDR based on simplex codes

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JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY 2006年第1期24卷 322-328页

作者： Lee, D Yoon, H Kim, P Park, J Park, N Seoul Natl Univ Opt Commun Syst Lab Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Seoul 151742 South Korea

This paper demonstrates signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement of an optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) using simplex codes (scs) for the first time. By developing a generalized procedure for the analysis of noise transfer in the coded OTDR employing L-bit scs, the SNR dependence on the receiver bandwidth is also investigated. Experimental results obtained from a constructed sc-OTDR showed excellent agreement with theoretical results over entire code lengths. Improvement of the SNR up to 9.2 dB has been demonstrated using 255-bit scs.

关键词： coding gain optical fiber communications optical time-domain refiectometer (OTDR) simplex codes (scs)

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Generalised asymptotic frame-work for double shadowed κ - μ fading with application to wireless communication and diversity reception

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WIRELESS NETWORKS 2022年第5期28卷 1923-1934页

作者： Chauhan, Puspraj Singh Kumar, Sandeep Upaddhyay, Vipin Kumar Soni, Sanjay Kumar Mishra, Rajan Kumar, Brijesh Pranveer Singh Inst Technol Kanpur Uttar Pradesh India Cent Res Lab Bharat Elect Ltd Gaziabad India MMM Univ Technol Gorakhpur Uttar Pradesh India

In this work, the asymptotic performance analysis over double shadowed kappa-mu fading channel is presented. More specifically, the unified asymptotic tight performance bounds for maximum ratio combining , selection combining and equal gain combining diversity receptions is presented. The system performance in terms of the outage probability (OP), symbol error probability (SEP) (coherent/non-coherent), the average probability of detection, and the average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) is studied. To gain more insights and to validate the asymptotic slope of the results, the coding gain and diversity gain for OP, SEP, probability of missed detection, and complementary AUC for all the diversity techniques are also presented. It is found that the asymptotic slope of all the performance parameters and diversity techniques depend only on the number of multipath clusters and the diversity order of the system. Further, simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology under various channel conditions in diverse field of applications, such as vehicle-to-vehicle communication, wearable communication, and wireless power transfer related technologies.

关键词： UAV communication Bit error rate coding gain Diversity gain

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Asymptotic performance of hybrid-selection/maximal-ratio combining over fading channels

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2006年第5期54卷 770-777页

作者： Ma, Yao Wang, Zhengdao Pasupathy, Subbarayan Iowa State Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Ames IA 50011 USA Univ Toronto Commun Grp Dept Elect & Comp Engn Toronto ON M5S 3G4 Canada

In this letter, we study the asymptotic performance of hybrid-selection/maximal-ratio combining (HS/MRC) and post-detection HS/equal-gain combining (HS/EGC) over generalized fading channels for large average signal-to-noise ratios (ASNRs). By evaluating the asymptotic moment generating function of the HS/MRC output SNR at high ASNR, we derive the diversity and coding gains for HS/MRC for a large class of modulation formats and versatile fading conditions, including different types of fading channels and nonidentical SNR statistics across diversity branches. Our analytical results reveal that the diversity gains of HS/MRC and HS/EGC are equivalent to that of MRC, and the difference in the coding gains for different modulation formats is manifested in terms of a modulation factor defined in this letter. Some new analytical results about effects of the number of combined branches for HS/MRC and noncoherent combining loss of HS/EGC are also provided.

关键词： coding gain diversity gain error and outage probabilities generalized selection combining (GSC) hybrid-selection/maximal-ratio combining (HS/MRC)

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Theory of optimal orthonormal subband coders

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING 1998年第6期46卷 1528-1543页

作者： Vaidyanathan, PP CALTECH Dept Elect Engn Pasadena CA 91125 USA

The theory of the orthogonal transform coder and methods for its optimal design have been known for a long time. In this paper, we derive a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for the coding-gain optimality of an orthonormal subband coder for given input statistics. We also show how these conditions can be satisfied by the construction of a sequence of optimal compaction filters one at a time. Several theoretical properties of optimal compaction filters and optimal subband coders are then derived, especially pertaining to behavior as the number of subbands increases. Significant theoretical differences between optimum subband coders, transform coders, and predictive coders are summarized. Finally, conditions are presented under which optimal orthonormal subband coders yield as much coding gain as biorthogonal ones for a fixed number of subbands.

关键词： coding gain optimal filter banks orthonormal coders paraunitary coders principal-component filter banks subband coders transform coders

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Rateless transmission of polar codes with information unequal error protection

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IET COMMUNICATIONS 2019年第12期13卷 1721-1727页

作者： Liang, Hao Liu, Aijun Zhang, Ying Xian Cheng, Feng Yi Army Engn Univ PLA Coll Commun Engn Nanjing 210007 Jiangsu Peoples R China

In this study, a rateless transmission scheme with information unequal error protection (UEP) is proposed by using polar codes. The proposed scheme is suitable for transmissions in time-varying channels, as well as pursues UEP goal of information with different reliability requirements. Firstly, the authors design rateless transmission for an unknown channel via extending polarisation matrix and importance-based puncturing. In particular, an algorithm ensuring full coding gain for UEP performance is proposed on the basis of rateless transmission. Moreover, in consideration of combining flexible successive cancellation list (SCL) decoding with UEP, they further present a size-adapted SCL decoding scheme with reduced complexity. Numerical simulation shows that their proposed rateless scheme based on polar codes could achieve good UEP performance with low complexity in unknown channels.

关键词： decoding time-varying channels telecommunication network reliability matrix algebra polar codes information unequal error protection rateless transmission scheme time-varying channels polarisation matrix importance-based puncturing coding gain size-adapted SCL decoding scheme reliability requirements UEP performance flexible successive cancellation list decoding

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Analysis of Aggregate Interference and Primary System Performance in Finite Area Cognitive Radio Networks

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2012年第7期60卷 1811-1822页

作者： Vijayandran, Luxmiram Dharmawansa, Prathapasinghe Ekman, Torbjorn Tellambura, Chintha Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect & Telecommun N-7034 Trondheim Norway Aalto Sch Elect Engn Dept Commun & Networking Espoo Finland Univ Alberta Dept Elect Engn Edmonton AB T6G 2V4 Canada

This paper considers the analytical performance of primary users (PUs) subject to interference due to secondary users (SU) in an underlay cognitive radio system over Rayleigh fading. In particular, we focus on a more general spatial configuration where the interfered PU, not only located at the center of the cell, is having a protective region which is free of SUs and the SUs are distributed over a finite area in contrast to the commonly used infinite area assumption. We first characterize the statistical properties of the aggregate interference at the PU due to SUs, by deriving new exact closed form expressions for the moment generating function, cumulants, first, second and third moments and first order expansions of the cumulative distribution functions corresponding to propagation scenarios with path loss factors, two and four. We then investigate the PU performance by presenting new analytical expressions for the outage probability, amount of fading as well as the diversity order and coding gain. Our results indicate that the PU can achieve the full diversity gain given a non-zero protective region around the PU.

关键词： Aggregate interference amount of fading (AoF) coding gain cognitive radio (CR) cumulants diversity order moment generating function (MGF) outage probability

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A simple and general parameterization quantifying performance in fading channels

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2003年第8期51卷 1389-1398页

作者： Wang, ZD Giannakis, GB Iowa State Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Ames IA 50011 USA Univ Minnesota Dept Elect & Comp Engn Minneapolis MN 55455 USA

We quantify the performance of wireless transmissions over random fading channels at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The performance criteria we consider are average probability of error and outage probability. We show that as functions of the average SNR, they can both be characterized by two parameters: the diversity and coding gains. They both exhibit identical diversity orders, but their coding gains in decibels differ by a constant. The diversity and coding gains are found to depend on the behavior of the random SNR's probability density function only at the origin, or equivalently, on the decaying order of the corresponding moment generating function (i.e., how fast the moment generating function goes to zero as its argument goes to infinity). Diversity and coding gains for diversity combining systems are expressed in terms of the diversity branches' individual diversity and coding gains, where the branches can come from any diversity technique such as space, time, frequency, or, multipath. The proposed analysis offers a simple and unifying approach to evaluating the performance of uncoded and (possibly space-time) coded transmissions over fading channels, and the method applies to almost all digital modulation schemes, including M-ary phase-shift keying, quadrature amplitude modulation, and frequency-shift keying with coherent or noncoherent detection.

关键词： coding gain diversity diversity combining fading channels outage probability

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PERFORMANCE OF BINARY BLOCK-CODES AT LOW SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIOS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY 1992年第6期38卷 1677-1687页

作者： CHAO, CC MCELIECE, RJ SWANSON, L RODEMICH, ER CALTECH DEPT ELECT ENGNPASADENACA 91125 JET PROP LAB PASADENACA 91109

The performance of general binary block codes on an unquantized additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel at low signal-to-noise ratios is considered. Expressions are derived for both the block-error and the bit-error probabilities near the point where the bit signal-to-noise ratio is zero. These expressions depend on the global geometric structure of the code, although the minimum distance still seems to play a crucial role. Examples of codes such as orthogonal codes, biorthogonal codes, the (24,12) extended Golay code, and the (15,6) expurgated BCH code are discussed. The asymptotic coding gain at low signal-to-noise ratios is also studied.

关键词： BLOCK CODES ADDITIVE WHITE GAUSSIAN NOISE CHANNEL LOW SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIOS ERROR PROBABILITIES coding gain

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