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Consensus-based adaptive distributed hierarchical control of battery energy storage systems in a DC microgrid

JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE 2024年 97卷

作者： Lahmer, Abir Chang, Jae-Won Park, Sukin Jeong, Hakgeun Chae, Suyong Smart Grids Grp Green Energy Pk Benguerir Morocco Chung Ang Univ Sch Energy Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Korea Inst Energy Res Energy Efficiency Res Div Daejeon South Korea Pohang Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect Engn 77 Cheongam Ro Pohang 37673 Gyeongbuk37673 South Korea

This study presents a distributed hierarchical control strategy for battery energy storage systems (BESSs) in a DC microgrid. The strategy aims to achieve state-of-charge (SOC) balancing, current sharing, and voltage restoration in diverse operating conditions. The primary control layer employs an adaptive droop control approach that dynamically adjusts the droop coefficient based on the observed average values, SOCs, and state-of-health (SOH) of the BESSs. A consensus algorithm is utilized to estimate the relevant average parameters. At the secondary control layer, an adaptive proportional consensus algorithm-based architecture regulates the voltage by including the minimization of the difference between the DC bus voltage and reference value and balancing errors for SOC, SOH, and current with the proportional consensus algorithm. The proposed strategy guarantees the restoration of the DC bus voltage, despite the presence of sudden load variations and delays occurring during transmission or self-processing delays. A stability analysis is provided to choose the optimal parameters for the proposed adaptive distributed control. Simulations in MATLAB/Simulink and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) tests using the Typhoon HIL device evaluate the strategy's effectiveness. Overall, the proposed strategy presents promising solutions for achieving efficient operation of BESSs in a DC microgrid.

关键词： Adaptive droop Battery energy storage system DC microgrid distributed hierarchical control Proportional consensus algorithm

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Model Predictive control Approach for distributed hierarchical control of VSC-based Microgrids

Model Predictive Control Approach for Distributed Hierarchic...

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European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications

作者： R. Heyderi M. Alhasheem T. Dragicevic F. Blaabjerg Department of Energy Technology Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark Arab Acadmey for Science Technology and Maritime Transport Cairo Egypt

This paper embeds a high bandwidth distributed hierarchical control structure for a power electronic based ac microgrid. Conventionally, hierarchical linear control loops are applied to control the grid frequency and voltage. However, they suffer slow dynamic response and high sensitivity to parameter variations. In this paper, high bandwidth control approach realized with a finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) scheme to control multiple voltage source converters (VSCs). Furthermore, droop control and virtual impedance are employed to share active and reactive power. At the upper level distributed secondary control can be programmed with much higher bandwidth compare to linearized cascaded control structures. Simulation and experimental results indicate that voltage and frequency have been regulated order of magnitude faster than state of the art.

关键词： distributed hierarchical control finite control set (FCS) model predictive control (MPC) voltage source converter (VSC)

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Power Loss Minimization of Parallel-Connected distributed Energy Resources in DC Microgrids Using a distributed Gradient Algorithm-Based hierarchical control

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID 2022年第6期13卷 4538-4550页

作者： Jiang, Yajie Yang, Yun Tan, Siew-Chong Hui, Shu Yuen Ron Univ Hong Kong Dept Elect & Elect Engn Hong Kong Peoples R China Hong Kong Polytech Univ Dept Elect Engn Hong Kong Peoples R China Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Singapore Singapore Imperial Coll London Dept Elect & Elect Engn London SW7 2AZ England

This paper presents a distributed hierarchical control to minimize the distribution power loss, including both line loss and converter loss, of distributed energy resources (DERs) in DC microgrids. The proposed control comprises a distributed gradient algorithm (DGA) at the top layer, a consensus control at the secondary layer, and a local droop and dual-loop control at the bottom layer. Since the distribution power loss of DERs is modelled a concave function of the output currents, the DGA with addition and subtraction operators can be directly used to derive the optimal current allocation coefficients based on peer-to-peer data exchange between the neighboring DERs. The derived optimal current allocation coefficients are adopted by the distributed secondary control to generate adaptive voltage terms for the local control. The local control consists of a droop control and a classic dual-loop control for grid-connected converters. Both simulation and experimental results have validated that the proposed control can reduce more distribution power loss of DERs than the conventional control by only considering line loss by various cases, including normal operation, power clip, plug-in-and-out of DERs, and communication failure. Experimental results also verify that the execution speed of the proposed control is faster than that of the conventional Lagrange multiplier-based centralized control.

关键词： Resource management Microgrids Peer-to-peer computing Voltage control distributed power generation Adaptation models Minimization distributed hierarchical control distributed energy resources (DERs) distributed power loss peer-to-peer communication distributed gradient algorithm (DGA)

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A FWN-based distributed hierarchical system for hexapod bio-robot control

A FWN-based distributed hierarchical system for hexapod bio-...

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6th World Congress on Intelligent control and Automation

作者： Luo, Qingsheng Han, Baoling Mao, Xin Wu, Kun Duan, Xingguang Beijing Inst Technol Dept Mechatron Engn 5 Nandajie Beijing 100081 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)1424403316

The hexapod bio-robot possess significant advantages on uneven surfaces compared with other type locomotion systems. It has the ability of adapting itself to complex terrains in the way of imitating walking insects. A large computational capability, real-time control and advanced control strategy is required to coordinate many degrees-of-freedom (DOF) used in legged locomotion systems. In this paper a mechanical structure is presented which is controlled by the FWN-based distributed hierarchical control method based on human nervous system principal. The control system is composed of centre control module, locomotion control module and locomotion module which takes charge of the highest decision-making and locomotion control of the every leg respectively. This control strategy and the embedded control system adopted in the robot provide powerful ability for dealing with the calculation of kinematics and dynamics that meets the requirement of real-time demand. To validate its effectiveness, the simulation is done and the results show the advantage of high static and dynamic performance, strong anti-disturb ability and robustness.

关键词： hexapod bio-robot FWN locomotion control distributed hierarchical control

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distributed hierarchical Cooperative Braking control for Connected Vehicle Platoon

Distributed Hierarchical Cooperative Braking Control for Con...

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Chinese Automation Congress (CAC)

作者： Li, Yongfu Tang, Chuancong Chongqing Univ Posts & Telecommun Coll Automat Chongqing 400065 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538635247

This paper proposes a distributed hierarchical control strategy for cooperative braking control of connected vehicle platoon with a focus on the car-following interactions between vehicles. To this end, a hierarchical control framework including the leader layer and follower layer is first proposed to illustrate the cooperative mechanism. Then, a distributed hierarchical control strategy is designed. Under the proposed control strategy, the leader can asymptotically stop at the desired target stopping position and the followers can converge to the standstill spacing during the braking process. In addition, the convergence for the distributed hierarchical controller is analyzed using the Lyapunov technique. Finally, the numerical experiments are conducted. Results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy with respect to the position, velocity, deceleration, and spacing error profiles.

关键词： distributed hierarchical control connected vehicle platoon car-following interaction convergence analysis

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hierarchical distributed control Design for Multi-agent Systems Using Approximate Simulation

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Acta Automatica Sinica 2013年第6期39卷 868-874页

作者： Yu-Tao TANG Yi-Guang HONG Institute of Systems Science Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

In this paper, we consider a hierarchical control design for multi-agent systems based on approximate simulation. To reduce complexity, we first construct a simple abstract system to guide the agents, then we discuss the simulation relations between the abstract system and multiple agents. With the help of this abstract system, distributed hierarchical control is proposed to complete a coordination task. By virtue of a common Lyapunov function, we analyze the collective behaviors with switching multi-agent topology in light of simulation functions.

关键词： Multi-agent systems distributed hierarchical control simulation function switching topology

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distributed control architecture for real-time model predictive control for system-level harmonic mitigation in power systems

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ISA TRANSACTIONS 2019年 93卷 231-243页

作者： Skjong, Espen Johansen, Tor Arne Molinas, Marta Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol Dept Engn Cybernet N-7034 Trondheim Norway Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol Ctr Autonomous Marine Operat & Syst NTNU AMOS N-7052 Trondheim Norway Ulstein Blue Ctrl AS N-6018 Alesund Norway

It can be challenging to design and implement Model Predictive control (MPC) schemes in systems with fast dynamics. As MPCs often introduce high computational loads, it can be hard to assure real-time properties required by the dynamic system. An understanding of the system's behavior, to exploit system properties that can benefit real-time implementation is imperative. Moreover, MPC implementations on embedded local devices rarely allows flexibility to changes in model and control philosophy, due to increased complexity and computational loads. A change in control philosophy (run-time) can be quite relevant in power systems that can change from an integrated to a segregated state. This paper proposes a distributed control hierarchy with a real-time MPC implementation, designed as a higher-level control unit, to feed a lower-level control device with references. The higher-level control unit's objective in this paper is to generate the control reference of an Active Power Filter for system-level harmonic mitigation. In particular, a novel system architecture, which incorporates the higher-level MPC control and handles distribution of control action to low-level controllers, as well as receiving measurements used by the MPC, is proposed to obtain the application's real-time properties and control flexibility. The higher-level MPC control, which is designed as a distributed control node, can be swapped with another controller (or control philosophy) if the control objective or the dynamic system changes. A standard optimization framework and standard software and hardware technology is used, and the MPC is designed on the basis of repetitive and distributed control, which allows the use of relatively low control update rate. A simulator architecture is implemented with the aim of mimicking a Hardware-In-Loop (HIL) simulator test to evaluate the application's real-time properties, as well as the application's resource usage. The results demonstrates that the implementa

关键词： Real-time Model predictive control Harmonic mitigation System architecture distributed hierarchical control Repetitive control

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High Bandwidth distributed Secondary control with Communication Compensation in VSC-based Microgrid 20

High Bandwidth Distributed Secondary Control with Communicat...

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20th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE ECCE Europe)

作者： Heyderi, R. Amiri, A. Dragicevic, T. Popovski, P. Blaabjerg, F. Aalborg Univ Dept Energy Technol Aalborg Denmark Aalborg Univ Dept Elect Syst Aalborg Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9789075815283

This paper proposes a novel wireless-based robust communication approach for the high bandwidth distributed secondary control in parallel operation of voltage source converters (VSCs). This approach is realized by firstly applying finite control set model predictive control at primary control level, hence, secondary control can be operated in higher bandwidth. Then, a data prediction block is added to secondary control level to compensate for communication deficiencies. Simulation and experimental results show transient response and the robustness of the proposed approach is far superior to conventional algorithms.

关键词： Communication compensation distributed hierarchical control finite control set (FCS) model predictive control (MPC) voltage source converter (VSC)

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High Bandwidth distributed Secondary control with Communication Compensation in VSC-based Microgrid

High Bandwidth Distributed Secondary Control with Communicat...

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European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications

作者： R. Heyderi A. Amiri T. Dragicevic P. Popovski F. Blaabjerg Department of Energy Technology Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark Department of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark

关键词： Communication compensation distributed hierarchical control finite control set (FCS) model predictive control (MPC) voltage source converter (VSC)

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hierarchical control Design of Multi-Agent Networks with Approximate Simulation

Hierarchical Control Design of Multi-Agent Networks with App...

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31st Chinese control Conference

作者： Tang Yutao Hong Yiguang Chinese Acad Sci Acad Math & Syst Sci Key Lab Syst & Control Beijing 100190 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9789881563811

In this paper, a hierarchical control design for multi-agent systems is considered, where the agents are guided by a simple abstract system. The simulation relations are discussed for coordination of multiple agents, and then distributed controls are proposed with switching topology for collective behaviors such as consensus tracking and formation with the help of simulation functions.

关键词： multi-agent systems distributed hierarchical control simulation function switching topology

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