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International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM)

作者： A.J. Wahl Bell Laboratories Reading PA USA

When a transistor is large enough to span a length which is significant compared to an electrical quarter wavelength within the device, its operation can be treated as two coupled transmission lines. The approach used here is to solve the problem rigorously from first principles for the small signal linear case by treating it as a classical boundary value problem of TEM waves in one rectangular dimension on coupled lines which are uniform but have no other restrictions regarding transmission line parameters, coupling, symmetry, similarity, or terminations. The solution is given in terms of voltage and current everywhere in both lines and is extended to include the parasitic inductance and capacitance usually present in connecting the device into a circuit. Numerical examples show that electrical characteristics begin to deviate noticeably from those of the equivalent lumped device even at a relatively short electrical length. Computer simulation of a large distributed transistor indicates that if properly recognized and employed, distributed effects may lead to some advantageous characteristics such as in device impedance levels and stability. Other characteristics may prove to be disadvantageous or troublesome, as in large signal or class C operation. If unrecognized or ignored, distributed effects can result in highly unsatisfactory transistor operation, The general conclusion is that as microwave transistors increase in size and frequency capability, distributed effects will need to be taken increasingly into account.

关键词： Microwave theory and techniques Bipolar transistors Microwave transistors Microwave devices Transmission line theory Boundary value problems distributed parameter circuits Coupling circuits Voltage Inductance

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Electrical analysis of interconnections in a solid state circuit environment

Electrical analysis of interconnections in a solid state cir...

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IEEE International Conference on Solid-State circuits (ISSCC)

作者： A. Ruehli IBM T.J. Watson Res. Center Yorktown Heights N.Y. USA

A new technique for analyzing the transmission properties of dense integrated circuit interconnections will be discussed. Analytical methods for calculation of appropriate equivalent circuit elements representing cond... 详细信息

关键词： Integrated circuit interconnections Solid state circuits Conductors Capacitance Equivalent circuits Integral equations Geometry Packaging distributed parameter circuits Microwave theory and techniques

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A 32 Kbyte, 200 Ns Read-Write Cycle Magnetic Film Memory System

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IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 1972年第3期8卷 366-366页

作者： Kayser, W. Honeywell Information Systems Inc. Phoenix Ariz United States

A 32 kbyte,- 60 ns access time, 200 ns read/write cycle time, low cost < O.S¢ bit) planar magnetic film memory system is described. High-density (3500 bit/in.2), destructive reaq.-out· (DRO), coupled hard axis (CHA) magnetic film storage device arrays (integration level: 40 000 bits per 4.1 X 4.3 inch substrate) are batch fabricated by thin film deposition and photolithographic techniques. Monolithic integrated drive and sense circuits interface with emitter coupled logic (ECL) circuits and provide within one silicon chip the transition from stack transmission lines to logic levels. The memory is internally organized as 4096 word by 72 bit system. Compatible electronic packaging assembly and interconnection techniques are described. Cost considerations and extensions of the technology are discussed. Copyright © 1973 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

关键词： Magnetic films Read-write memory Costs Coupling circuits Logic devices Logic circuits Substrates Sputtering Silicon distributed parameter circuits

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CIRCUIT BREAKER AND TRANSFORMER MODELS FOR SOLUTION OF WAVY PROPAGATION IN distributed-parameter SYSTEMS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER APPARATUS AND SYSTEMS 1971年第3期PA90卷 1000-&页

作者： FEERO, WE JUVES, JA LONG, RW Westinghouse Electric Corporation East Pittsburgh PA USA

Many models for the representation of transmission lines may be found in the present literature. The increasing use of digital techniques to solve the switching surge problem has prompted the development of models for other particular components of a power system. Specifically, the accurate representation of circuit breakers and power transformers is of vital importance in almost all switching surge studies. Presented here is a generalized direct-integration method that, while accurately reproducing the traveling-wave phenomena in transmission lines, advances a procedure for the simulation of circuit breakers (with insertion resistors) and power transformers. The results from a switching surge study on a representative three-phase system are discussed in detail.

关键词： Circuit breakers Power system modeling Power transformers Surges Power transmission lines distributed parameter circuits Power system simulation Switching circuits Circuit simulation Resistors

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TIME-DOMAIN SENSITIVITY COMPUTATION FOR NETWORKS CONTAINING TRANSMISSION LINES

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUIT THEORY 1971年第1期CT18卷 114-&页

作者： HO, CW Thomas J. Watson Research Center IBM Corporation Yorktown Heights NY

The key to the efficient automated design and optimization of nonlinear networks is the sensitivity vector. The sensitivity vector is a measure of the performance of the network with respect to the changes of the design parameters. A derivation of the sensitivity vector for nonlinear networks containing transmission lines is presented. If the transmission lines are either lossless or dispersionless, the network can be characterized by a set of differential-difference equations. Variational techniques are used to derive a set of equations which is adjoint to the original set. Solving both sets of equations only once suffices to obtain the desired sensitivity vector for all possible design parameters. The adjoint network approach is then considered. It is shown that transmission lines are self-adjoint and that the initial waves stored on the transmission lines in the adjoint network are always identically zero. For purpose of evaluation, an experimental program based on the preceding methods was written and the results were compared to the (less efficient) method of direct parameter partubation for a problem involving a switching circuit containing transmission lines. Good agreement was observed.

关键词： Time domain analysis Computer networks Transmission lines Nonlinear equations distributed parameter circuits Design optimization Transmission line measurements Propagation losses Differential equations Switching circuits

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distributed CIRCUIT DESIGN WITH TRANSMISSION LINE ELEMENTS

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS 1971年第7期59卷 1059-&页

作者： CARLIN, HJ School of Electrical Engineering Cornell University Ithaca NY USA

A short length of transmission line can be chosen as a basic circuit element. Systems containing such elements can then be synthesized to do an amazing number of things. For example, commensurate lines, all multiples of a given length with differing characteristic impedances but with common propagation constant, can be interconnected to realize microwave filters, broad-band transformers, broad-band delay lines with amplitude selectivity, and distributed RC structures. The fundamental ideas underlying the synthesis of commensurate transmission line circuits are presented in this paper in a tutorial fashion. The presentation is based on the scattering formalism and Richard's Theorem. The discussion is liberally sprinkled with design illustrations chosen from current practice.

关键词： Circuit synthesis distributed parameter circuits Transmission line theory Impedance Propagation constant Integrated circuit interconnections Microwave filters Transformers Delay lines Scattering

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DETERMINATION OF FAULT SURGE WAVESHAPES WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO FAULT DETECTION

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER APPARATUS AND SYSTEMS 1971年第3期PA90卷 1121-+页

作者： SHAH, KR CALABRESE, C TUDOR, JR Electrical Engineering Department Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA Electrical Engineering Department University of Missouri Columbia MO USA

This paper describes the analytical procedure of determining the attenuation and distortion of fault-generated surges on transmission lines when the skin effects of conductor and earth are taken into account. Herein, the term which considers the skin effect of the earth has been modified. After comparing the results with known approaches, a method, for selecting the circuit parameters of the detection circuit which is used to couple the fault signal from the transmission line to the fault-locating equipment, is given.

关键词： Surges Fault detection Circuit faults distributed parameter circuits Skin effect Earth Attenuation Conductors Electrical fault detection Coupling circuits

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BROAD-BANDING AND CHANGING OPERATION FREQUENCY OF CIRCULATOR

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES 1971年第4期MT19卷 367-&页

作者： NAITO, Y TANAKA, N Department of Physical Electronics Tokyo Institute of Technology Meguro Tokyo Japan

Broad-banding of a circulator and changing of operation frequency of a lumped-element circulator are discussed. The point of broad-banding is to represent the circulator in a distributed element equivalent circuit. The improvement of the relative bandwidth was between 10 and 20 percent. The point of changing of operation frequency is to use a variable capacitance diode instead of a fixed one. The result is that the operating frequency changed from 120 to 220 MHz with a bias voltage change from 2 to 10 V.

关键词： Frequency Equivalent circuits Bandwidth Equalizers Capacitance Diodes distributed parameter circuits Voltage Ferrites Impedance

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COMPUTER-AIDED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF NEGATIVE IMPEDANCE BOOSTED TRAANSSISSION LINES

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY 1971年第4期CO19卷 501-&页

作者： HOPPER, AL Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc. Holmdel NJ USA

Negative impedance boosting using active RC circuits series connected at intervals along a cable pair has been shown to minimize loss and provide nearly distortionless bilateral transmission of either digital or analog signals. Results from computation and field measurements are in good agreement. Recently, on-line plotting with a time-shared computer has made it feasible to find the circuit parameters which minimize the remaining distortion for many commonly used cables and spacings. parameter adjustments are shown which permit a tradeoff between bandwidth and either amplitude or phase distortion. Factors affecting pulse transmission have been investigated. In general, bandwidth is inversely related to booster spacing. Bandwidth-spacing relations are given for two cable gauges and compared with the upper bound where propagation is at light velocity. Bandwidth increases with wire size, while the bandwidthspacing product improves with reduced spacing.

关键词： Computer aided analysis Impedance Transmission lines Bandwidth Power cables distributed parameter circuits Boosting Propagation losses Distortion measurement Transmission line measurements

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HYBRID COMPARISON TECHNIQUE FOR DISTANCE RELAYS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER APPARATUS AND SYSTEMS 1971年第2期PA90卷 799-&页

作者： KHINCHA, HP PARTHASA.K ARUN, CG KUMAR, BSA Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India

A new hybrid comparison technique for transmission line protection, providing polar characteristics marked by sharp discontinuities, has been developed. The comparator models, described in block schematic form, accompany a steady state theoretical basis for comparison. Dynamic test results are indicated for a directional quadrilateral characteristic which closely corresponds to the probable fault area of a transmission line.

关键词： Protective relaying Voltage Transmission line discontinuities Mathematical analysis Power system protection Steady-state Testing Circuit faults Transmission line theory distributed parameter circuits

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