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hierarchical routing protocols for wireless sensor network: a compressive survey

WIRELESS NETWORKS 2020年第5期26卷 3291-3314页

作者： Chan, Louie Gomez Chavez, Karina Rudolph, Heiko Hourani, Akram RMIT Univ Sch Engn Melbourne Vic 3000 Australia

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are one of the key enabling technologies for the internet of things (IoT). WSNs play a major role in data communications in applications such as home, health care, environmental monitoring, smart grids, and transportation. WSNs are used in IoT applications and should be secured and energy efficient in order to provide highly reliable data communications. Because of the constraints of energy, memory and computational power of the WSN nodes, clustering algorithms are considered as energy efficient approaches for resource-constrained WSNs. In this paper, we present a survey of the state-of-the-art routing techniques in WSNs. We first present the most relevant previous work in routing protocols surveys then highlight our contribution. Next, we outline the background, robustness criteria, and constraints of WSNs. This is followed by a survey of different WSN routing techniques. routing techniques are generally classified as flat, hierarchical, and location-based routing. This survey focuses on the deep analysis of WSN hierarchical routing protocols. We further classify hierarchical protocols based on their routing techniques. We carefully choose the most relevant state-of-the-art protocols in order to compare and highlight the advantages, disadvantage and performance issues of each routing technique. Finally, we conclude this survey by presenting a comprehensive survey of the recent improvements of low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy routing protocols and a comparison of the different versions presented in the literature.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks routing protocols Internet of things hierarchical routing protocols

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The Comparisons of Different hierarchical routing protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks 20

The Comparisons of Different Hierarchical Routing Protocols ...

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20th IEEE International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering (CSE) / 15th IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing (EUC)

作者： Cao, Ning Wu, Mei Wang, Yingying Wang, Xiaoling Cao, Guangsheng Wang, Gang Qingdao Binhai Univ Coll Informat Engn Qingdao Peoples R China Wuhan Inst Technol Sch Comp Sci & Engn Wuhan Hubei Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538632215

This paper aims to compare several hierarchical routing protocols. LEACH protocol is one of the basic and typical hierarchical routing protocols in wireless sensor networks. Some Lifetime, Density, Radius and Reliability analysis will be done for the hierarchical routing protocols. After comparisons of different hierarchical routing protocols in this paper, an approach of routing-protocol recommendation will be proposed.

关键词： hierarchical routing protocols wireless sensor networks Lifetime Reliability

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Comparative Study and Simulation of Flat and hierarchical routing protocols for Wireless Sensor Network

Comparative Study and Simulation of Flat and Hierarchical Ro...

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International Conference on Engineering & MIS (ICEMIS)

作者： Oudani, Hassan Laassiri, Jalal Krit, Salah-ddine El Maimouni, Lahoucine Ibn Zohr Univ Agadir Polydisciplinary Fac Ouarzazate Dept Math & Informat & Management Lab Engn Sci & Energy Agadir Morocco Ibn Tofail Univ Fac Sci Kenitra Dept Comp Sci Kenitra Morocco Ibn Zohr Univ Agadir Dept Math & Informat & Management Lab Engn Sci & Energy Informat PhysPolydisciplinary Fac Ouarzazate Agadir Morocco Ibn Zohr Univ Agadir PolydisciplinaryFac Ouarzazate Lab Engn Sci & Energy BP 638 Agadir Morocco

ISBN: (纸本)9781509055791

Sensor Networks are emerging as a new tool for important applications in diverse fields like military surveillance, habitat monitoring, monitoring and gathering events in hazardous environments, surveillance of buildings, whether monitoring etc, In the research area of wireless sensor networks the Flat and hierarchical routing protocols is a major issue. In this paper we intend to discuss some of the major Flat routing protocols (AODV, DSDV, GSR, FSR, OLSR, SPIN) and hierarchical routing protocols (LEACH-C, LEACH-F, PEGASIS, ZHLS) for wireless sensor networks. First we will discuss the routing protocols in short and later we will compare and simulate the behavior on lifetime and energy using NS2 simulator.

关键词： wireless sensor networks Flat routing protocols hierarchical routing protocols NS2

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An analysis of hierarchical routing protocols for large WSN under the non-ideal connectivity conditions 23

An analysis of hierarchical routing protocols for large WSN ...

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20th Telecommunications Forum (TELFOR)

作者： Davidovic, Jelena P. Markovic, Goran B. Allied Testing Ltd Beograd 11070 Serbia Elektrotehn Fak Beogradu Bulevar Kralja Aleksandra 73 Beograd 11120 Serbia

ISBN: (纸本)9781509000555

The hierarchical routing protocols are often considered as energy-efficient solution for wireless sensor networks. Commonly observed single-hop and dual-hop hierarchical routing protocols do not support non-ideal connectivity conditions that cause degradation of performances, i.e. lower energy-efficiency and data delivery success. In this paper, LEACH, E-SEP and DECC protocols are analyzed for large WSNs under non-ideal connectivity conditions. Protocol modifications are suggested, which were shown, by Monte-Carlo experiments, to facilitate the performance improvement under the observed application conditions. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： hierarchical routing protocols sensor node connectivity wireless sensor networks

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A Taxonomy and Survey on Grid-Based routing protocols Designed for Wireless Sensor Networks

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ACM COMPUTING SURVEYS 2024年第8期56卷 1页

作者： Jain, Shubhra Verma, Rahul Kumar Indian Inst Informat Technol Lucknow Dept Informat Technol Lucknow 226002 Uttar Pradesh India Indian Inst Informat Technol Lucknow Dept Comp Sci Lucknow 226002 Uttar Pradesh India

Minimization of energy consumption is the main attention of researchers while developing a routing protocol for wireless sensor networks, as sensor nodes are equipped with limited power supply. Virtual topology is an integral part of routing, and grid-based routing protocols are quite popular due to their simplified and efficient virtual grid topology construction. Although a list of surveys exists that either focus on routing protocols in a broader way or on other virtual topologies, none of these surveys are concerned about grid topology and grid-based routing protocols. Having this motivation in mind and considering the impact of these routing protocols on controlling and managing the energy consumption of wireless sensor networks, this article provides an expansive assessment of grid-based routing protocols based on their methodology. In this survey, the existing grid-based routing protocols are classified into two categories from the perspective of sink mobility: static sink and mobile sink. A phase-wise comprehensive overview of these routing protocols is provided in chronological order, along with their comparative analysis. Furthermore, the characteristics, design issues, and challenges of grid-based routing protocols are also provided.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks mobile sink energy-hole problem hierarchical routing protocols grid-based routing

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A comparative survey on LEACH successors clustering algorithms for energy-efficient longevity WSNs

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EGYPTIAN INFORMATICS JOURNAL 2024年 26卷

作者： Hussain, Mai Hussain Ahmed Mokhtar, Bassem Rizk, Mohamed R. M. Alexandria Univ Fac Engn Commun Dept Elect Sect Alexandria Egypt Alexandria Univ Fac Engn Dept Elect Engn Alexandria Egypt Egypt Japan Univ Sci & Technol Sch Elect Commun & Comp Engn Alexandria Egypt

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has appeared as a significant study field integrated with much research in the last two decades. In response to the widespread use of this technology in numerous applications, such as military operations, medical care, automated processes, urban domain and so on. WSN handles conditions where it is challenging or impossible for humans to perform measurement tasks physically and effectively. WSNs are fastexpanding networks incorporating many data communications streams. A WSN is made up of a wide amount of economic sensing device nodes with low energy requirements that have been irregularly placed in a particular region. These sensor node devices periodically sense data and record values before sending them to the sink node (or base station) through other sensor nodes. Some concerns should be addressed, such as preserving the sensor nodes ' activity and load balancing as much as possible by wisely distributing the overall energy and the significant duplication problem of generated data where some sensor nodes in the monitor region may provide similar data. These are the WSN ' s most fundament l issues, necessitating the development of new routing and clustering algorithms. Research has proposed several routing algorithms to respond to these challenges and several optimization methods to decide the best route between the broadcaster and reception nodes. LEACH and its various versions with hierarchical clustering are widely utilized to reduce energy consumption, optimize performance, and lengthen the network ' s longevity. In this survey, We present an in-depth evaluation of LEACH descendant clustering protocols to respond to the previous challenges. We suggest several optimization methods to decide the best route between the broadcaster and reception nodes. Our qualitatively comparative study and analysis organize LEACH -based routing algorithms into five categories: algorithms for optimizing CH selection, algorithms for optimizing data tr

关键词： Wireless Sensor Networks hierarchical routing protocols LEACH Cluster Head. Fuzzy Logic Energy efficiency Energy harvesting Energy consumption

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An Improved Leach Algorithm Based on hierarchical Clustering Approach for Wireless Sensor Network Application 5

An Improved Leach Algorithm Based on Hierarchical Clustering...

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IEEE 5th International Conference on Electronics and Communication Engineering (ICECE)

作者： Bhih, Amhmed Abushiba, Walid Elashheb, Adel Coll Elect Technol CET Tripoli Dept Commun Tripoli Libya Appl Sci Univ Bahrain Eker Bahrain Tech Coll Civil Aviat Meteorol Espiaa Dept Commun Espiaa Libya

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487894

Wireless sensor networks composed of a huge number of sensor node with the capability to sense, collect and process data in the physical environment. The sensors are usually battery-powered nodes which limit the network lifespan. Due to energy constraints, the deployment of WSNs required sophisticated techniques to prolong the network operation. A clustering based routing algorithm named Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) is proposed as an energy effective solution. However, in LEACH, the power of nodes in the network is quickly depleted and decreases the life of the network due to the clusters headers that are randomly selected without taking into account the remaining power and the position of the nodes. The enhanced LEACH algorithm, named LEACH-Kmeans, is proposed where the improvement is done in cluster head selection process. LEACH-Kmeans makes use of K-means clustering calculation for choosing optimal cluster heads. A comparison among LEACH, and LEACH-Kmeans clustering has been done. Simulation result shows that LEACH-Kmeans protocol can reduce energy consumption and improve the network lifetime.

关键词： wireless sensor networks hierarchical routing protocols LEACH K-means

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Delay-Aware Green routing for Mobile-Sink-Based Wireless Sensor Networks

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IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL 2021年第6期8卷 4882-4892页

作者： Jain, Shubhra Pattanaik, K. K. Verma, Rahul Kumar Bharti, Sourabh Shukla, Anupam ABV Indian Inst Informat Technol & Management Dept Informat Technol Gwalior 474015 Madhya Pradesh India Indian Inst Informat Technol Bhopal Dept Comp Sci & Engn Bhopal 462003 India Indira Gandhi Delhi Tech Univ Women Dept Informat Technol New Delhi 110006 India

Mobile sinks were introduced in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to mitigate the infamous hotspot problem. However, routing in mobile-sink-based WSNs requires frequent updation of sink location information to all the sensor nodes;which is an energy-expensive process for resource-constrained WSNs. Therefore, it is required to develop a green routing protocol that can minimize the energy overhead in sink location updation as well as reduce the data delivery delay. This article proposes a virtual-infrastructure-based delay-aware green routing protocol (DGRP) that creates multiple rings in the sensor field and limits the updation of mobile sink location information to the nodes belonging to the rings only. Simulation results show that DGRP outperforms existing routing protocols in terms of energy consumption and throughput. In addition to this, DGRP results in similar to 26%, similar to 39%, and similar to 35% improvement in data delivery delay for a varying number of sensor nodes, sink speeds, and network sizes, respectively, when compared with the state of the art.

关键词： routing routing protocols Wireless sensor networks Internet of Things Delays Structural rings Sensors hierarchical routing protocols hotspot problem Internet of Things (IoT) mobile sink wireless sensor network (WSN)

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hierarchical routing protocol in wireless sensor network: a state-of-the-art review

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020年第1期22卷 107-113页

作者： Fang, Weidong Zhang, Wuxiong Shan, Lianhai Assefa, Biruk Chen, Wei Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Wireless Sensor Network & Commun Shanghai Inst Microsyst & Informat Technol Shanghai 201899 Peoples R China Shanghai Res Ctr Wireless Commun Shanghai 201210 Peoples R China Northeastern Univ State Key Lab Synthet Automat Proc Ind Shenyang 110819 Peoples R China Wollo Univ Infromat Commun Technol Dept POB 1145 Dessie Ethiopia China Univ Min & Technol Sch Comp Sci & Technol Xuzhou 221116 Jiangsu Peoples R China

The hierarchical routing protocol in the wireless sensor network (WSN) is widely applied because of its good network stability and effective communication capability. Its cluster structure and the integration process of the data have a satisfactory performance in energy consumption and data transmission. To guide the design of hierarchical routing protocol, in this paper, we review the current research on these protocols, some typical technical characteristics such as the cluster head selection, clustering, and data routing are analysed, and a suggestion on the direction of the hierarchical routing protocol research is given. The work of this paper will be beneficial to the research, design, and optimisation of the hierarchical routing protocol.

关键词： wireless sensor network hierarchical routing protocols LEACH PEGASIS TEEN

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Clustering in WSNs based on Artificial Fish Swarming Algorithm 15

Clustering in WSNs based on Artificial Fish Swarming Algorit...

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15th IEEE International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IEEE IWCMC)

作者： Mechta, Djamila Harous, Saad Univ Ferhat ABBAS Setif 1 LRSD Lab Dept Comp Sci Setif Algeria UAE Univ Coll Informat Technol Al Ain U Arab Emirates

ISBN: (纸本)9781538677476

Clustering is one of the effective techniques to conserve energy in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Its main objective is to organize the network into clusters, and selects a leader (for each cluster) defined as cluster-head (CH). This CH is responsible to aggregate data sensed by its members and send it to the base station (BS). In this work we study the problem of energy consumption and extending the life of WSNs by proposing a new hierarchical clustering protocol C-AFSA based on behaviors: swarm, prey, follow of Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm (AFSA) for selecting optimal CHs and forming clusters. Performance of our algorithm is compared to the protocol LEACH-C through a series of simulation using the network simulator NS2.

关键词： Wireless Sensor Networks Clustering Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm hierarchical routing protocols Optimization

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