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Evaluating the suitability of mathematical thinking problems for senior high-school students by including mathematical sense making and global planning

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CURRICULUM JOURNAL 2016年第3期27卷 313-329页

作者： van Velzen, Joke H. Univ Amsterdam Fac Maatschappij Gedragswetenschappen Res Inst Child Dev & Educ Dept Social & Behav Sci Amsterdam Netherlands

The mathematics curriculum often provides for relatively few mathematical thinking problems or non-routine problems that focus on a deepening of understanding mathematical concepts and the problem-solving process. To develop such problems, methods are required to evaluate their suitability. The purpose of this preliminary study was to find such an evaluation method by including mathematical sense making and global planning. Eighteen 11th-grade high-school students, divided into three groups of three pairs, solved six mathematical thinking problems that included the finding of a numeric solution and the writing of mathematical texts and arguments. Content analysis of the students' solution procedures provided for three kinds of hierarchically ordered mathematical sense-making categories. The results showed the expected statistically significant difference between the kinds of problems, though only mathematical sense making enabled the exclusion of the routine problem. The implications for practice are discussed.

关键词： Mathematical sense making problem-solving process mathematical writing preacademic students

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Against all odds: problem-solving strategies and behavioural characteristics of novice students

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JOURNAL OF FURTHER AND HIGHER EDUCATION 2015年第3期39卷 293-319页

作者： Chang, Pei-Fen Lin, Miao-Chen Natl Cent Univ Grad Inst Learning & Instruct Taoyuan Taiwan

This study investigates problem-solving difficulties of novices in a classroom setting, using a German instructional tool, the Fischertechnik kit of approximately 400 parts. In order to analyse the students' thinking processes as they solved the problems, verbal protocol analysis (VPA) was used to record the students'' thinking processes and action stages for three case problems. Next, we plotted the experimental process in each case on five work completion time axes, representing time in the experiment in accordance with the substance of the five main tasks. To highlight the features of the novices' problem-solving efforts, a summary discussion and analysis of the problem-solving processes in the three cases is presented. The novice students in this study displayed the following characteristics during their problem-solving process: (1) all of them employed ` working-forward' cognitive strategies, which shows that novices usually rely on certain operations to change the current situation;(2) they tended to adopt their responses based on their assessment of the linkages between their previous experiences and new ones, which leads to continuous development via a process of changing equilibration;(3) as a result of these novices' inability to fully clarify the key problem elements, they mostly adopted an intuitive trial and error approach. When confronting problems, these novice students tended to implement their solutions immediately after encountering the problem. Finally, this study provides recommendations for future instructional design based on its results.

关键词： problem-solving process novice interdisciplinary research

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ENHANCING STUDENTS' problem-solving SKILLS THROUGH CONTEXT-BASED LEARNING

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION 2015年第6期13卷 1377-1401页

作者： Yu, Kuang-Chao Fan, Szu-Chun Lin, Kuen-Yi Natl Taiwan Normal Univ Dept Technol Applicat & Human Resource Dev Taipei Taiwan

problem solving is often challenging for students because they do not understand the problem-solving process (PSP). This study presents a three-stage, context-based, problem-solving, learning activity that involves watching detective films, constructing a context-simulation activity, and introducing a project design to enable students to construct a complete PSP. This study was conducted among 103 eighth-grade students over a period of 14 weeks. The descriptive statistics and structural equation model were used to analyze the students' PSP performance. Results indicate that context simulation is beneficial for cultivating students' abilities to establish and analyze questions and then select and develop solutions. In addition, the project design cultivated the students' ability to evaluate results and apply feedback. Findings from this study demonstrate that context-based learning may effectively enable students to establish a complete PSP.

关键词： context-based learning problem-solving process science detective films technological knowledge

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Understanding the causal path between action, learning, and solutions: maximizing the power of action learning to achieve great results

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ACTION LEARNING 2015年第1期12卷 22-36页

作者： Leonard, H. Skipton Learning Thru Act LLC 11354 Orchard Lane Reston VA 21218 USA Johns Hopkins Univ Carey Business Sch Baltimore MD 21218 USA

Clients and practitioners alike are often confused about the ultimate purpose of action learning (AL). Because of the title of the method, many believe the primary goal of AL is to generate learning. This article clarifies the relationship between action, learning, and solutions. It also provides historical evidence to support the conclusion that the first purpose of AL has been, and should be, achieving effective and creative solutions to complex, critical, and urgent problems. The power of AL to develop leadership skills is explained and a useful problem-solving mental model, the cycle of effective problem-solving, is presented. The cycle can be used by the coach to generate questions that encourage teams to reflect on its problem-solving process and thereby promote the learning that will improve the team's performance and lead to higher solution quality. Several examples are provided to illustrate how the cycle of effective problem-solving can be used.

关键词： action learning team problem-solving problem-solving process

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How Difficult is a problem? Handling Multi-layered Information Conveyed in a Variety of Codes

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Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 2015年 203卷 192-198页

作者： Florence Mihaela Singer Cristian Voica Ligia Sarivan P.G. University of Ploiesti 39 Bucuresti Bv. 100680 Ploiesti Romania University of Bucharest 14 Academiei Str. 010014 Bucharest Romania Institute for Educational Sciences 37 Stirbei Voda Str. 010102 Bucharest Romania

We use statistical data to identify the problems that appear to be difficult with students in a problem-solving contest counting 9,580 participants from grades 2 and 3. Our analysis considers the level of complexity of the reading and problem-solving processes, as well as the diversity of the forms the information is conveyed by. We found the students’ inability to control a variety of information displays, with impact in problem solving. These results bring about a relevant starting point for further training in problem posing and solving within real-life contexts.

关键词： problem-solving process problem-solving difficulties problem posing reading processes information display

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Framework for controlling infection through isolation precautions in Japan

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NURSING & HEALTH SCIENCES 2014年第1期16卷 31-38页

作者： Kawakami, Kazumi Misao, Hanako Juntendo Univ Dept Gerontol Nursing Urayasu Chiba 2790023 Japan Miyagi Univ Grad Sch Nursing Sendai Miyagi Japan

In Japan, nurses certified in infection control face organizational and structural challenges to the implementation of the recommended isolation precautions. In this study, we developed a conceptual framework for the problem-solving process of certified nurses in infection control when implementing appropriate isolation-precaution measures. We conducted a qualitative, descriptive study using directed content analysis. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 40 nurses who had over five years' experience in infection control. Factors assessing the risk of infection in patients were identified, including microorganism characteristics, patient characteristics, and risk of infection to the entire unit. The nurses also assessed the risk of infection in institutions from the following perspectives: organizational culture, infection control system, human resources, environment surrounding the facility, ethical issues, and external factors. Individual characteristics, such as attributes, knowledge, expertise, and job function, were identified as major influencing factors in the problem-solving process. These findings could be useful for newly-certified nurses in infection control and provide recommendations on implementing isolation-precaution measures.

关键词： infection control directed content analysis infection risk assessment problem-solving process professional development isolation precaution

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CONTEXT-BASED KNOWLEDGE SUPPORT FOR problem-solving BY RULE-INFERENCE AND CASE-BASED REASONING

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND CONTROL 2011年第7A期7卷 3615-3631页

作者： Ke, Chih-Kun Liu, Duen-Ren Natl Taichung Inst Technol Dept Informat Management Taichung 404 Taiwan Natl Chiao Tung Univ Inst Informat Management Hsinchu 300 Taiwan

problem-solving is an important process that enables corporations to create competitive business advantages. Traditionally, case-based reasoning techniques have been widely used to help workers solve problems. However, conventional approaches focus on identifying similar problems without exploring relevant context of problem situations. Situation features are generally occurred according to the context characteristics of problems. Moreover, situation features collected are usually partial or incomplete. Workers need to use knowledge inferred from relevant context information and previous problem-solving experience to clarify the causes and take appropriate action effectively. In this paper, we propose to use rule inference to infer possible situation features based on context information. Association rule mining is used to discover context-based inference rules from historical problem-solving logs. The discovered patterns identify frequent associations between context information and situation features, and therefore, can be used to infer more situation features. By considering the inferred situation features, case-based reasoning can then be employed to identify similar situations effectively. Moreover, we employ information retrieval techniques to extract context-based situation profiles to model workers' information needs when handling problem situations in certain context. Effective knowledge support can thus be facilitated by providing workers with situation-relevant information based on the profiles. We develop a prototype system to demonstrate the effectiveness of providing context-based relevant information and decision-making knowledge to help workers solve problems.

关键词： Case-based reasoning Data mining Rule inference Context-based knowledge support problem-solving process

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Learning and Instruction in the Clinical process

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SOCIAL WORK IN MENTAL HEALTH 2008年第3期6卷 1-19页

作者： de Anda, Diane Univ Calif Oakland CA 94607 USA

Clinical practice is conceptualized as a learning process and an instructional endeavor. The roles and tasks of both the learner (client) and the instructor (worker) are outlined. The article applies Robert Gagne's analyses of the components and prerequisites in the learning of concepts, rules, and problem-solving strategies to examples employing a variety of theoretical approaches and presenting problems. (C) 2008 by The Haworth Press. All rights reserved.

关键词： Learning instruction clinical process rule learning problem-solving process

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William Wilberforce and Thomas Chalmers: Development of Evangelical Christian Thought and Practices into Methodical Charities

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JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY IN SOCIAL WORK 2007年第2期26卷 63-89页

作者： Majonis, Joel Univ Waterloo Renison Coll Waterloo N21 3G4 ON Canada

Wilberforce describes how sinners' faith in Jesus Christ enabled them to problem- solve, perform religious activities with Him redeeming them from sin. In turn, Chalmers developed Wilberforce's ideas into a complex evangelical Christian framework and charitable method encouraging all persons to redeem themselves by developing faith in Jesus Christ's expiation of their sins encouraging their performance of righteous activities or doing righteous activities endowing them with the Holy Spirit's grace and faith in Christ. Chalmers charitable method employed collocative processes of sequential problem- solving and caring activities between benefactors and recipients developing Christian and caring institutions, families and persons into harmonious communities. Loch and Richmond developed Chalmers charitable method into socially oriented charitable and social work methods. (C) 2007 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： William Wilberforce problem-solving process Thomas Chalmers problem-solving charitable method Mary Richmond social knowledge social intervention

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Managing CFD simulation:: reflections around a questionnaire

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT 2001年第3-4期21卷 298-314页

作者： Keski-Seppälä, S FFA Flygtekniska Forsoksnstalten Aeronaut Res Inst Sweden SE-16111 Bromma Sweden

The topic is Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) as a simulation tool within the engineering design process. The engineering design process is considered as a problem-solving process and its focus is on the role of simulation. 'Simulation' is defined and a distinction between simulation and analysis is made. Based on a theoretical model of the CFD simulation process and the results from a questionnaire, several research questions are suggested. The educational level and experience of the average CFD user as well as the role of the CFD user, the project manager and the functional manager motivate a discussion about personal experience versus organizational knowledge. It is argued that plans for (and research on) personal knowledge build-up, organizational knowledge capturing as well as simulation quality assurance and simulation efficiency development are needed for simulation in general and for CFD in particular.

关键词： computational fluid dynamics simulation engineering design problem-solving process competence development

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