2型糖尿病(T2DM)已经成为全球范围内一个日益严峻的健康问题,其发病机制的复杂性涉及众多生理和病理过程的相互作用。在近年来的研究中,越来越多的科学家和医学专家开始关注睡眠障碍,特别是失眠和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)这两种普遍存在的睡眠障碍类型。这些睡眠问题与2型糖尿病之间存在着紧密的关联。本文旨在综述该领域最新的机制研究以及治疗进展,深入探讨失眠和OSA在T2DM的发病机制,以及疾病进展对T2DM患者的影响,并对相关的治疗策略进行讨论。Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a growing health problem worldwide, and the complexity of its pathogenesis involves the interaction of numerous physiologic and pathologic processes. In recent years, an increasing number of scientists and medical experts have begun to focus on sleep disorders, particularly insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), two prevalent types of sleep disorders. There is a strong association between these sleep problems and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this paper is to review the latest mechanistic studies as well as therapeutic advances in this field, to provide insights into the pathogenesis of insomnia and OSA in T2DM, as well as the impact of disease progression on patients with T2DM, and to discuss related therapeutic strategies.
近年来全球糖尿病患者数量增长迅速,心血管疾病已成为2型糖尿病患者的主要死亡原因。因此,对于糖尿病患者来说,重视心血管疾病的预防和管理至关重要。心血管疾病的危险因素是多方面的,包括年龄、性别、吸烟、脂代谢紊乱、高血压及肥胖等。这些因素可能单独或共同作用,增加心血管疾病的风险。针对2型糖尿病心血管疾病危险因素的综合管理涉及多个方面,包括血糖管理、血压控制、血脂调节、抗血小板治疗以及生活方式管理,通过综合考虑和控制相关风险因素,可以更有效地降低心血管疾病的风险。本文将对上述危险因素及相关治疗措施进行综述,以期为2型糖尿病心血管疾病的发生与发展提供参考依据。In recent years, the number of people with diabetes worldwide has grown rapidly, and cardiovascular diseases have become the leading cause of death for patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, it is of utmost importance for diabetic patients to focus on the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases. The risk factors for cardiovascular diseases are multifaceted, including age, gender, smoking, lipid metabolism disorders, hypertension, and obesity, etc. These factors may act individually or in combination, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Comprehensive management of the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetes involves various aspects, including blood sugar management, blood pressure control, lipid regulation, antiplatelet therapy, and lifestyle management. By considering and controlling these risk factors in a holistic manner, the risk of cardiovascular diseases can be more effectively reduced. This paper will review the aforementioned risk factors and related treatment measures, aiming to provide a reference for the occurrence and progression of cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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