1987年,Wargotz等研究者首次识别了16例具有一致特征的乳腺肿瘤病例。这些病例中的肿瘤细胞不仅极为罕见,而且独特地兼具纤维母细胞和平滑肌细胞的属性,因此被命名为“乳腺肌纤维母细胞瘤(myofibroblastoma, MFB)”。根据相关研究,MFB的典型表现为细胞形态温和,且由呈现肌纤维母细胞分化的梭形细胞构成。文献报道显示,在肌纤维母细胞瘤中,乳腺处的发病率仅为10%左右。截至2017年数据统计,国内所报道病例仅20余例。由于该肿瘤发病率极低,目前对其认识十分有限,且该病缺乏特异临床表现、影像学上存在差异、术前诊断较困难,极易引起误诊。本文报道了一例罕见的乳腺肌纤维母细胞瘤病例,从临床诊治角度出发,总结本次病例经验,提炼关键诊断线索,旨在加深临床医生对乳腺MFB的了解,对于避免误诊误治有重要意义。In 1987, Wargotz et al. identified for the first time 16 cases of breast tumors with consistent features. The tumor cells in these cases are not only extremely rare, but also uniquely possess both fibroblastocyte and smooth muscle cell properties, hence the name “myofibroblastoma (MFB)”. According to studies, MFBs typically appear to have mild cell morphology and consist of spindle-shaped cells that exhibit myofibroblast differentiation. Literature reports show that in myofibroblastoma, the incidence in the breast is only about 10%. As of 2017, only about 20 cases have been reported in China. Due to the extremely low incidence of this tumor, the current understanding of the disease is very limited, and the lack of specific clinical manifestations, differences in imaging, and difficulty in preoperative diagnosis can easily lead to misdiagnosis. From the perspective of clinical diagnosis and treatment, this article summarizes the experience of this case and extracts the key diagnostic clues, aiming to deepen clinicians’ understanding of breast MFB, which is of great significance to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment.
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