骨关节炎(Osteoarthritis, OA)是老年人常见的关节疾病,主要临床表现为慢性疼痛、僵硬和功能障碍,其发病机制尚未完全明确。环状RNA (circRNA)是广泛存在于真核细胞中的一种非编码RNA,具有独特的共价闭合环状结构。近年来,研究发现circRNA在OA进展中起着重要作用,主要通过调节细胞外基质的代谢稳态、炎症反应以及软骨细胞的稳态来参与OA。此外,circRNA还通过细胞间外泌体机制、在软骨细胞中作为蛋白质支架以及甲基化修饰等方式影响OA的发生与发展。本文综述了circRNA的生物发生、特性和功能,探讨了circRNA在OA中的重要作用,并探索其在OA发病机制中的潜在应用。circRNA的发现及其在OA中的潜在作用为OA的早期诊断和病因治疗带来了新的希望。Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease in the elderly, primarily characterized by chronic pain, stiffness, and functional impairment, with its pathogenesis still not fully understood. Circular RNA (circRNA), a type of non-coding RNA widely present in eukaryotic cells, has a unique covalently closed circular structure. In recent years, studies have found that circRNA plays an important role in the progression of OA, mainly by regulating extracellular matrix metabolic homeostasis, inflammatory responses, and chondrocyte homeostasis. Additionally, circRNA influences the occurrence and development of OA through mechanisms such as intercellular exosome communication, serving as protein scaffolds in chondrocytes, and methylation modifications. This article reviews the biogenesis, characteristics, and functions of circRNA, discusses its significant role in OA, and explores its potential application in the pathogenesis of OA. The discovery of circRNA and its potential role in OA offers new hope for the early diagnosis and etiological treatment of OA.
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