压疮被认为在很大程度上是一个可预防的问题,然而,尽管开展了广泛培训并投入了大量资源,压疮问题依然存在。本文回顾了目前对压疮病因的认识,即压力、剪切应力和微环境。为了确定个体的风险水平,还需要了解发生压疮的个体风险因素。这种评估对于确定恰当的预防策略至关重要。本文研究了在减轻压力和剪切力以及控制微环境方面的主要预防策略。此外,本文也探讨了由于大多数标准预防策略对于预防医疗器械相关的压疮无效这一问题。Pressure ulcers are considered to be a largely preventable problem, however, despite extensive training and significant resources invested, the problem persists. This article reviews the current understanding of the causes of pressure ulcers, namely, pressure, shear stress, and microenvironment. In order to determine an individual’s level of risk, it is also necessary to understand the individual risk factors for developing pressure ulcers. This assessment is essential to determine appropriate prevention strategies. This paper examines the main prevention strategies in terms of reducing stress and shear forces and controlling the microenvironment. In addition, this paper explores the ineffectiveness of most standard prevention strategies for preventing pressure ulcers associated with medical devices.
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