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IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 2025年第1期145卷 16-24页

作者： Shouno, Kazuhiro Sato, Lina Fukagawa, Kanta Tanimoto, Hiroshi Muto, Cosy Division of Information Engineering University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennoudai Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8573 Japan Graduate School of Science and Technology Degree Programs in Systems and Information Engineering Master’s Program in Computer Science University of Tsukuba Japan Kitami Institute of Technology 165 Koen-cho Hokkaido Kitami090-8507 Japan Faculty of Education Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki852-8521 Japan

This paper proposes a measurement technique for an integrated complex filter. The proposed method is based on two measurement methods with integrated circuitry for calibration. It is accomplished by applying square waves to an FUT (Filter Under Test) instead of sinusoidal waves or by superposing transfer characteristics obtained by applying a single sinusoidal wave to an FUT. In both of the above methods, the output signal connected to the external measurement equipment via a 50 Ω coaxial cable and so on. In this case, the output signal of the FUT should be amplified by internal or external amplifiers, which degrades the response. However, it is cancelled out by the proposed calibration circuitry with some analog switches. In addition to the above, for the RC polyphase filter, the source resistance and the load capacitance degrade the measurement results and their effect is discussed. The validity of the proposal is confirmed through computer simulation for a third-order RCPF whose passband is 8–40 MHz fabricated by Phenitec 0.6 µm CMOS process. It is shown that the measurement error is −1.10 dB for the square-wave method and −1.00 dB and −0.43 degrees for the superposition method at 40 MHz. © 2025 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

关键词： Capacitance

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PathNetDRP: a novel biomarker discovery framework using pathway and protein–protein interaction networks for immune checkpoint inhibitor response prediction

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BMC Bioinformatics 2025年第1期26卷 1-24页

作者： Lee, Dohee Ahn, Jaegyoon Choi, Jonghwan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Incheon National University 119 Academy-ro Yeonsu-gu Incheon22012 Korea Republic of Division of Software Hallym University 1 Hallymdaehak-gil Gangwon-do Chuncheon24252 Korea Republic of

Background: Predicting immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) response remains a significant challenge in cancer immunotherapy. Many existing approaches rely on differential gene expression analysis or predefined immune signatures, which may fail to capture the complex regulatory mechanisms underlying immune response. Network-based models attempt to integrate biological interactions, but they often lack a quantitative framework to assess how individual genes contribute within pathways, limiting the specificity and interpretability of biomarkers. Given these limitations, we developed PathNetDRP, a framework that integrates biological pathways, protein-protein interaction networks, and machine learning to identify functionally relevant biomarkers for ICI response prediction. Results: We introduce PathNetDRP, a novel biomarker discovery approach that applies the PageRank algorithm to prioritize ICI-associated genes, maps them to relevant biological pathways, and calculates PathNetGene scores to quantify their contribution to immune response. Unlike conventional methods that focus solely on gene expression differences, PathNetDRP systematically incorporates biological context to improve biomarker selection. Validation across multiple independent cancer cohorts showed that PathNetDRP achieved strong predictive performance, with cross-validation the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves increasing from 0.780 to 0.940. Interestingly, PathNetDRP did not merely improve predictive accuracy;it also provided insights into key immune-related pathways, reinforcing its potential for identifying clinically relevant biomarkers. Conclusion: The biomarkers identified by PathNetDRP demonstrated robust predictive performance across cross-validation and independent validation datasets, suggesting their potential utility in clinical applications. Furthermore, enrichment analysis highlighted key immune-related pathways, providing a deeper understanding of their role in ICI res

关键词： Immune system

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Integrated Positioning and Communication Relying on Wireless Optical OFDM

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IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 2025年第5期43卷 1721-1737页

作者： Xu, Chao Masouros, Christos Sugiura, Shinya Petropoulos, Periklis Maunder, Robert G. Yang, Lie-Liang Haas, Harald Hanzo, Lajos University of Southampton School of Electronics and Computer Science SouthamptonSO17 1BJ United Kingdom University College London Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering LondonWC1E 7JE United Kingdom The University of Tokyo Institute of Industrial Science Meguro City Tokyo153-8505 Japan University of Southampton Optoelectronics Research Centre SouthamptonSO17 1BJ United Kingdom Cambridge University Electrical Engineering Division Department of Engineering CambridgeCB3 0FA United Kingdom

Visible Light Positioning and Communication (VLPC) is a promising candidate for implementing Integrated Sensing And Communication (ISAC) in the unlicensed 400 THz to 800 THz band. The current Visible Light Positioning (VLP) systems mainly operate based on the Received Signal Strength (RSS) of the Line-of-Sight (LoS) path. However, its accuracy is degraded by interferences from Non-LoS (NLoS) paths. Furthermore, in Visible Light Communication (VLC) systems, the estimation of Channel State Information (CSI) also becomes challenging, when the optical channel becomes dispersive. Against this background, we propose a new VLPC scheme using Direct Current (DC) biased Optical Orthogonal Frequency-division Multiplexing (VLPC-DCO-OFDM), where OFDM-based sensing is applied for the sake of improving the resolution of the estimated Channel Impulse Response (CIRs) exploited for positioning functionality. The CIRs estimated by sensing are further exploited to provide enhanced CSI for communication data detection. Moreover, we propose a hybrid Radar-RSS based solution, where the conventional RSS-aided VLP method is invoked for the sake of refining OFDM radar. Our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed VLPC-DCO-OFDM scheme – which simultaneously supports the triple functionalities of illumination, bi-static sensing and communication – is capable of achieving centimeter-level positioning accuracy and Giga-bits-per-second data rate. © 1983-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

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Implementation and Evaluation of 0.6 µm CMOS Complex RCPF for Accurate Frequency Response Measurement

IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems

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IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 2025年第1期145卷 25-37页

作者： Sato, Lina Fukagawa, Kanta Shouno, Kazuhiro Tanimoto, Hiroshi Muto, Cosy Moriyama, Seijiro Takahashi, Chikau Yoshino, Michitaka Graduate School of Science and Technology Degree Programs in Systems and Information Engineering Master’s Program in Computer Science University of Tsukuba Japan Division of Information Engineering University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennoudai Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8573 Japan Kitami Institute of Technology 165 Koen-cho Hokkaido Kitami090-8507 Japan Faculty of Education Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki852-8521 Japan Anagix Corporation 3-22-27 Numama Kanagawa Zushi249-0004 Japan Takamori Corporation Japan Research Center for Micro-Nano Technology Hosei University 3-11-15 Midori-cho Koganei Tokyo184-0003 Japan

This paper describes the implementation and evaluation of an RC polyphase filter (RCPF) and circuitry for measuring its frequency characteristics. The integrated circuit is fabricated on a 0.6 µm CMOS process and its supply voltage is 5 V. The integrated circuit includes a filter under test (FUT), a four-phase square wave generator, several analog switches and differential amplifiers to amplify the high-impedance signals of the RCPF. This FUT is a third-order complex RCPF whose passband is 8 − 40 MHz. This paper describes the design of these circuits in detail. This integrated circuit can select two measurement methods by means of external control signals. The first method uses a four-phase square wave. The frequency characteristics are measured by using an on-chip four-phase square wave generator driven by an external clock generator and by a spectrum analyzer tuned to the fundamental frequency. The second method uses an external network analyzer. Furthermore, this integrated circuit is equipped with a calibration circuit to measure the frequency characteristics of the circuitry except FUT by passing through the input / output signals of the FUT. As a result, the frequency characteristics of the FUT itself can be accurately measured. The effectiveness is confirmed through evaluation of the fabricated integrated circuit. © 2025 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

关键词： Differential amplifiers

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A Generalized Pointing Error Model for FSO Links with Fixed-Wing UAVs for 6G: Analysis and Trajectory Optimization

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IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2025年

作者： Moon, Hyung-Joo Chae, Chan-Byoung Wong, Kai-Kit Alouini, Mohamed-Slim Yonsei University School of Integrated Technology Seoul03722 Korea Republic of University College London Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering LondonWC1E 7JE United Kingdom Yonsei University Yonsei Frontier Lab Seoul03722 Korea Republic of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division Thuwal23955 Saudi Arabia

Free-space optical (FSO) communication is a promising solution to support wireless backhaul links in emerging 6G non-terrestrial networks. At the link level, pointing errors in FSO links can significantly impact capacity, making accurate modeling of these errors essential for both assessing and enhancing communication performance. In this paper, we introduce a novel model for FSO pointing errors in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that incorporates three-dimensional (3D) jitter, including roll, pitch, and yaw angle jittering. We derive a probability density function for the pointing error angle based on the relative position and posture of the UAV to the ground station. This model is then integrated into a trajectory optimization problem designed to maximize energy efficiency while meeting constraints on speed, acceleration, and elevation angle. Our proposed optimization method significantly improves energy efficiency by adjusting the UAV's flight trajectory to minimize exposure to directions highly affected by jitter. The simulation results emphasize the importance of using UAV-specific 3D jitter models in achieving accurate performance measurements and effective system optimization in FSO communication networks. Using our generalized model, the optimized trajectories achieve up to 11.8% higher energy efficiency compared to those derived from conventional Gaussian pointing error models. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

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Infinite-dimensional Lagrange–Dirac systems with boundary energy flow I: Foundations

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Gay–Balmaz, François Abella, Álvaro Rodríguez Yoshimura, Hiroaki Division of Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore637371 Singapore UCLA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Los AngelesCA90095 United States School of Science and Engineering Waseda University 3–4–1 Okubo Shinjuku Tokyo169-8555 Japan

A new geometric approach to systems with boundary energy flow is developed using infinite-dimensional Dirac structures within the Lagrangian formalism. This framework satisfies a list of consistency criteria with the geometric setting of finite-dimensional mechanics. In particular, the infinite-dimensional Dirac structure can be constructed from the canonical symplectic form on the system’s phase space;the system’s evolution equations can be derived equivalently from either a variational perspective or a Dirac structure perspective;the variational principle employed is a direct extension of Hamilton’s principle in classical mechanics;and the approach allows for a process of system interconnection within its formulation. This is achieved by developing an appropriate infinite dimensional version of the previously developed Lagrange–Dirac systems. A key step in this construction is the careful choice of a suitable dual space to the configuration space—specifically, a subspace of the topological dual that captures the system’s behavior in both the interior and the boundary, while allowing for a natural extension of the canonical geometric structures of mechanics. This paper focuses on systems where the configuration space consists of differential forms on a smooth manifold with a boundary. To illustrate our theory, several examples, including nonlinear wave equations, the telegraph equation, and the Maxwell equations are presented. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lagrange multipliers

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Holographic Metasurface-Based Beamforming for Multi-Altitude LEO Satellite Networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Li, Qingchao El-Hajjar, Mohammed Cao, Kaijun Xu, Chao Haas, Harald Hanzo, Lajos School of Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton SouthamptonSO17 1BJ United Kingdom School of Mathematical Sciences University of Southampton SouthamptonSO17 1BJ United Kingdom Department of Engineering Electrical Engineering Division Cambridge University CambridgeCB3 0FA United Kingdom

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks are capable of improving the global Internet service coverage. In this context, we propose a hybrid beamforming design for holographic metasurface based terrestrial users in multi-altitude LEO satellite networks. Firstly, the holographic beamformer is optimized by maximizing the downlink channel gain from the serving satellite to the terrestrial user. Then, the digital beamformer is designed by conceiving a minimum mean square error (MMSE) based detection algorithm for mitigating the interference arriving from other satellites. To dispense with excessive overhead of full channel state information (CSI) acquisition of all satellites, we propose a low-complexity MMSE beamforming algorithm that only relies on the distribution of the LEO satellite constellation harnessing stochastic geometry, which can achieve comparable throughput to that of the algorithm based on the full CSI in the case of a dense LEO satellite deployment. Furthermore, it outperforms the maximum ratio combining (MRC) algorithm, thanks to its inter-satellite interference mitigation capacity. The simulation results show that our proposed holographic metasurface based hybrid beamforming architecture is capable of outperforming the state-of-the-art antenna array architecture in terms of its throughput, given the same physical size of the transceivers. Moreover, we demonstrate that the beamforming performance attained can be substantially improved by taking into account the mutual coupling effect, imposed by the dense placement of the holographic metasurface elements. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Satellite communication systems

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Advantages of two quantum programming platforms in quantum computing and quantum chemistry

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Journal of cheminformatics 2025年第1期17卷 77页

作者： Pei-Hua Wang Wei-Yeh Wu Che-Yu Lee Jia-Cheng Hong Yufeng Jane Tseng Undergraduate Program in Intelligent Computing and Big Data Chung Yuan Christian University No. 200 Zhongbei Road Taoyuan 320314 Taiwan. Quantum Information Center Chung Yuan Christian University No. 200 Zhongbei Road Taoyuan 320314 Taiwan. Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan. Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan. yjtseng@csie.ntu.edu.tw. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan. yjtseng@csie.ntu.edu.tw. Physics Division National Center for Theoretical Sciences No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan. yjtseng@csie.ntu.edu.tw. Center for Quantum Science and Engineering National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan. yjtseng@csie.ntu.edu.tw.

Quantum computing is at the forefront of technological advancement and has the potential to revolutionize various fields, including quantum chemistry. Choosing an appropriate quantum programming language becomes critical as quantum education and research increase. In this paper, we comprehensively compare two leading quantum programming languages, Qiskit and PennyLane, focusing on their suitability for teaching and research. We delve into their basic and advanced usage, examine their learning curves, and evaluate their capabilities in quantum computing experiments. We also demonstrate using a quantum programming language to build a half adder and a machine learning model. Our study reveals that each language has distinct advantages. While PennyLane excels in research applications due to its flexibility to adjust parameters in detail and access multiple sources of real quantum devices, Qiskit stands out in education because of its web-based graphical user interface and smaller code size. The codes and the dataset used in the studies are available at https://***/wangpeihua1231/quantum-programming-platform .

关键词： PennyLane Qiskit Quantum chemistry Quantum computing Quantum programming language

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Number plate recognition smart parking management system using IoT

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Measurement: Sensors 2025年 37卷

作者： Ditta, Allah Ahmed, Muhammad Maroof Mazhar, Tehseen Shahzad, Tariq Alahmed, Yazan Hamam, Habib Department of Information Sciences Division of Science and Technology University of Education Lahore54000 Pakistan School of Computer Science National College of Business Administration and Economics Lahore54000 Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Information Technology School Education Department Government of Punjab Layyah31200 Pakistan Department of Computer Science COMSATS University Islamabad Sahiwal Campus Sahiwal57000 Pakistan Software Engineering Al Ain University Al Ain University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Faculty of Engineering University of de Moncton MonctonNBE1A3E9 Canada School of Electrical Engineering University of Johannesburg Johannesburg2006 South Africa Av. Grandes Ecoles LibrevilleBP 1989 Gabon Bridges for Academic Excellence - Spectrum Tunis Tunisia

This study aims to address the urban vehicle parking issues by proposing a solution using Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) through image processing and a sensor-based hardware system. Integrating these technologies forms a Smart Parking Management System (SPMS) to automate parking processes and enhance the parking experience. The study aims to create an efficient system that eliminates manual vehicle registration and optimizes space utilization. ANPR and IoT-based sensors help users identify the available slots and pay only for the actual parking duration, which will help to minimize the fixed billing rates. The proposed ANPR system processes vehicle number plates at entry, ensuring seamless identification and eliminating manual registration. IoT sensors monitor real-time slot occupancy, transmitting data to a web admin panel. This panel provides insights such as entry and exit times, total parking duration, and billing costs, facilitating efficient management and remote monitoring. The ANPR-based SPMS reduces reliance on manual processes, streamlining entry procedures. By dynamically assessing slot availability through IoT sensors, users can locate unoccupied spaces quickly, which enhances user convenience. The web admin panel allows administrators to monitor the system remotely, ensuring smooth operations and maintaining accurate records. This study introduces a comprehensive solution to urban parking challenges by integrating ANPR and IoT technologies. The SPMS improves efficiency, reduces human resource needs, and enhances user experience with flexible billing based on actual duration. The combination of hardware and software provides a foundation for effective urban parking management. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Digital storage

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Vector Register Sharing Mechanism for High Performance Hardware Acceleration 30th

Vector Register Sharing Mechanism for High Performance Hard...

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30th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques, PDPTA 2024, held as part of the World Congress in computer science, computer engineering and Applied Computing, CSCE 2024

作者： Tanaka, Tomoaki Kato, Michiya Osana, Yasunori Miyoshi, Takefumi Tada, Jubee Tanaka, Kiyofumi Nakajo, Hironori Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Graduate School of Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Nakacho Tokyo Koganei-shi184-8588 Japan Research and Education Institute for Semiconductors and Informatics Kumamoto University 2-39-1 Kurokami Kumamoto Chuo-ku860-8555 Japan WasaLabo LLC. K-2 Buransyu 6-5-20 Minaminaruse Tokyo Machida-shi194-0045 Japan Graduate School of Science and Engineering Yamagata University 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi Yamagata Yamagata-shi990-8560 Japan Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 1-1 Asahidai Ishikawa Nomi923-1292 Japan Division of Advanced Information Technology Computer Science Institute of Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Nakacho Tokyo Koganei-shi184-8588 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9783031856372

In recent years, demand for data-parallel processing has been growing, and this parallelism often appears in AI processes. One method to accelerate these processes is using DSA, domain-specific architecture. A common data transfer method on DSA is DMA, which is direct memory access. There are several studies on DMA-based accelerators. However, few studies focus on data transfer methods. In this paper, a vector register-sharing mechanism has been proposed as a new data transfer method. Our proposed mechanism is named "SHAVER". In this mechanism, a part of vector registers is directly shared with an accelerator. An open-source RISC-V vector co-processor is used to evaluate the mechanism’s potential. It has been implemented on an FPGA and a simulator for the evaluations. The results indicate the possibility of the proposal mechanism to achieve a maximum of 7.13% speedup over DMA transfer. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Vectors

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