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Unravelling Distance-Dependent Inter-Site Interactions and Magnetic Transition Effects of Heteronuclear Single Atom Catalysts on Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Yang, Tong Zhou, Jun Ma, Xiaoyang Ding, Keda Tan, Kay Chen Wang, Ge Huang, Haitao Yang, Ming Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong Innovis 2 Fusionopolis Way Singapore138634 Singapore School of Information Science and Engineering Shandong University 72 Binhai Road Qingdao266237 China Department of Computing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory of Function Materials for Molecule & Structure Construction School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China

Inter-site interactions between single atom catalysts (SACs) in the high loading regime are critical to tuning the catalytic performance. However, the understanding on such interactions and their distance dependent effects remains elusive, especially for the heteronuclear SACs. In this study, we reveal the effects of the distance-dependent inter-site interaction on the catalytic performance of SACs. Using the density functional theory calculations, we systematically investigate the heteronuclear iron and cobalt single atoms co-supported on the nitrogen-doped graphene (FeN4-C and CoN4-C) for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). We find that as the distance between Fe and Co SACs decreases, FeN4-C exhibits a reduced catalytic activity, which can be mitigated by the presence of an axial hydroxyl ligand, whereas the activity of CoN4-C shows a volcano-like evolution with the optimum reached at the intermediate distance. We further unravel that the transition towards the high-spin state upon adsorption of ORR intermediate adsorbates is responsible for the decreased activity of both FeN4-C and CoN4-C at short inter-site distance. Such high-spin state transition is also found to significantly shift the linear relation between hydroxyl (*OH) and hydroperoxyl (*OOH) adsorbates. These findings not only shed light on the SAC-specific effect of the distance-dependent inter-site interaction between heteronuclear SACs, but also pave a way towards shifting the long-standing linear relations observed in multiple-electron chemical reactions. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Oxygen

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Quantifying Quantum Entanglement in Two-Qubit Mixed State from Connected Correlator

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Guo, Xingyu Ma, Chen-Te Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science Institute of Quantum Matter South China Normal University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter Southern Nuclear Science Computing Center South China Normal University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China Department of Physics and Astronomy Iowa State University AmesIA50011 United States Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics Pohang University of Science and Technology Gyeongsangbuk-do Pohang37673 Korea Republic of School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering South China Normal University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China The Laboratory for Quantum Gravity and Strings Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics University of Cape Town Private Bag Rondebosch7700 South Africa

Our study employs a connected correlation matrix to quantify Quantum Entanglement. The matrix encompasses all necessary measures for assessing the degree of entanglement between particles. We begin with a three-qubit state and involve obtaining a mixed state by performing partial tracing over one qubit. Our goal is to exclude the non-connected sector by focusing on the connected correlation. This suggests that the connected correlation is deemed crucial for capturing relevant entanglement degrees. The study classifies mixed states and observes that separable states exhibit the lowest correlation within each class. We demonstrate that the entanglement measure monotonically increases concerning the correlation measure. This implies that connected correlation serves as an effective measure of Quantum Entanglement. Finally, our proposal suggests that interpreting Quantum Entanglement from a local perspective is possible. The observable is described as a vector with locality but violates freedom of choice. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum entanglement

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CY Aquarii: A Triple System with Twin Companions

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Lian, Ming Niu, Jia-Shu Xue, Hui-Fang Institute of Theoretical Physics Shanxi University Taiyuan030006 China State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics Technologies and Devices Shanxi University Taiyuan030006 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi University Taiyuan030006 China Department of Physics Taiyuan Normal University Jinzhong030619 China Institute of Computational and Applied Physics Taiyuan Normal University Jinzhong030619 China Shanxi Key Laboratory for Intelligent Optimization Computing and Blockchain Technology Jinzhong030619 China

In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the SX Phoenicis (SX Phe) type star CY Aquarii (CY Aqr). Our investigation included a detailed O−C analysis based on a 90-year observational dataset, augmented by 1,367 newly determined times of maximum light. The O − C diagram reveals that (i) the primary star of CY Aqr exhibits a linear period variation rate of (1/P0)(dP/dt) = (2.132 ± 0.002)×10−8 yr−1 for its dominant pulsation mode;(ii) the primary star is disturbed by two companions and part of a triple system;(iii) Companion A has an orbital period of approximately 60.2 years and Companion B has an orbital period of approximately 50.8 years. It is highly probable that both Companion A and B are white dwarfs, with Companion A’s elliptical orbit displaying an eccentricity of e = 0.139 ± 0.002, which is the lowest confirmed value in similar binary and triple systems to date. Most notably, Companion A and B have masses that are identical within the uncertainties, with a mass ratio exceeding 0.99. Whether this is considered a coincidental event or the result of an underlying mechanism, CY Aqr is an exceptionally rare case that broadens our understanding of multiple star systems and offers a unique opportunity to delve into the enigmatic evolutionary histories of such configurations. Further intriguing characteristics of this system warrant investigation in future studies, based on additional observational data. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： White dwarfs

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Topological Temporally Mode-Locked Laser

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Leefmans, Christian R. Parto, Midya Williams, James Li, Gordon H.Y. Dutt, Avik Nori, Franco Marandi, Alireza Department of Applied Physics California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Department of Electrical Engineering California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering IPST University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research Saitama Wako351-0198 Japan RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing Saitama Wako351-0198 Japan Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109-1040 United States

Mode-locked lasers play a key role in modern science and technology. Not only do they lay the foundation for ultrafast optics and play a central role in nonlinear optics, but also they have important applications in imaging1, metrology2, telecommunications3, sensing4, and computing5. While substantial efforts have focused on mode-locking the spectral modes of lasers6, relatively little attention has been paid to mode-locking their temporal modes. However, temporal mode-locking presents ample opportunities to develop new technologies7 and to study the intersection of nonlinear, non-Hermitian, and topological phenomena8, which, in recent years, has been a priority for the field of topological physics9-11. Here, we theoretically predict and experimentally realize topological temporal mode-locking in a laser cavity with time-delayed intracavity couplings. These couplings introduce non-Hermitian point-gap topology12 into the temporal modes of our laser and conspire with an effective nonlocal nonlinearity to generate mode-locked temporal structures in our laser cavity, whose form can be tailored by suitably engineering the underlying couplings. We harness this approach to realize a nonlinearity-driven non-Hermitian skin effect12, and we show that the topological temporal modes of our laser are robust against disorder-induced localization13. The flexibility and programmability of our topological temporal mode-locking scheme reveals new opportunities to study nonlinear9 and non-Hermitian10 topological phenomena in mode-locked photonic resonators and could enable new applications of mode-locked lasers to sensing and optical computing. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Locks (fasteners)

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Microwave amplification via interfering multi-photon processes in a half-waveguide quantum electrodynamics system

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Aziz, Fahad Lin, Kuan Ting Wen, Ping Yi Samina Lin, Yu Chen Wiegand, Emely Lee, Ching-Ping Cheng, Yu-Ting Chen, Ching-Yeh Chien, Chin-Hsun Hsieh, Kai-Min Huang, Yu-Huan Hou, Ian Chen, Jeng-Chung Lin, Yen-Hsiang Kockum, Anton Frisk Lin, Guin Dar Hoi, Io-Chun Department of Physics National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Physics CQSE National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Physics National Chung Cheng University Chiayi621301 Taiwan Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg412 96 Sweden Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering University of Macau Macau China UMacau Zhuhai Research Institute Guangdong Zhuhai China Center for Quantum Technology National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Physics Division National Center for Theoretical Sciences Taipei10617 Taiwan Trapped-Ion Quantum Computing Laboratory Hon Hai Research Institute Taipei11492 Taiwan Department of Physics City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon999077 Hong Kong

We investigate the amplification of a microwave probe signal by a superconducting artificial atom, a transmon, strongly coupled to the end of a one-dimensional semi-infinite transmission line. The end of the transmission line acts as a mirror for microwave fields. Due to the weak anharmonicity of the artificial atom, a strong pump field creates multi-photon excitations among the dressed states. Transitions between these dressed states, Rabi sidebands, give rise to either amplification or attenuation of the weak probe. We obtain a maximum amplitude amplification of about 18 %, higher than in any previous experiment with a single artificial atom, due to constructive interference between Rabi sidebands. We also characterize the noise properties of the system by measuring the spectrum of spontaneous emission. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Amplification

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Impact of Parent-Reported Antibiotic Allergies on Pediatric Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs

引用

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice 2025年第5期13卷 1083-1093.e12页

作者： Arnold, Annabelle Coventry, Linda L. Foster, Mandie J. Trevenen, Michelle McKinnon, Elizabeth J. MacLindon, Sarah Goff, Zoy H. Blyth, Christopher C. Lucas, Michaela Immunology Department Perth Children's Hospital Perth WA Australia School of Nursing and Midwifery Edith Cowan University Perth WA Australia Centre for Nursing Research Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Perth WA Australia Auckland University of Technology School of Clinical Sciences Auckland New Zealand Centre for Applied Statistics School of Physics Mathematics and Computing University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia Telethon Kids Institute Perth WA Australia Infectious Diseases Department Perth Children's Hospital Perth WA Australia Pharmacy Department Perth Children's Hospital Perth WA Australia Medical School University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia Department of Microbiology PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA Perth WA Australia Immunology Department PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA Perth WA Australia Immunology Department Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Perth WA Australia

Background: Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is crucial for optimizing antimicrobial use and restraining emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The overall increase in reported antibiotic allergies in children can pose a significant barrier to AMS, but its impact on clinical AMS care in children has not been addressed. Objective: To compare the clinical outcomes for children with a reported antibiotic allergy label (AAL) with those with no AAL reviewed by AMS. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a pediatric tertiary hospital, capturing 1590 inpatient admissions reviewed under the AMS between 2017 and 2019. Logistic, log-binomial, and Cox regression analyses were undertaken. Data collected included a documented AAL, antibiotic prescriptions, principal diagnosis, admitting specialty, hospital length of stay, intensive care admissions, and hospital readmissions. Results: All 1590 pediatric patients were prescribed at least 1 antibiotic. AALs were recorded in 6.6% of patients;majority were β-lactam (82%), mostly penicillins (71%). AALs increased with age (P < .001);no gender effect was seen. Patients with AALs received more quinolones (P < .001), lincosamides (P = .001), aminoglycosides (P < .001), and metronidazole (P = .015) than patients with no AALs. In contrast, children with no AAL received more penicillin (P < .001). Children with any AAL had marginally longer hospital length of stay, median (interquartile range [IQR]) 7.0 (4.0, 15.0) days, than those without, median (IQR) 5.0 (3.75, 11.0) days, P = .027. Conclusion: This study is the first to show how AALs impact clinical outcomes in children under an AMS program. With recent advances in delabeling, early intervention in cases of AAL should target children under AMS services who are in immediate need of optimal antibiotic management. © 2025

关键词： Antibiotic allergy Antimicrobial stewardship Drug allergy Pediatrics

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Direct Observation of Magnon-Phonon Strong Coupling in Two-Dimensional Antiferromagnet at High Magnetic Fields

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Physical Review Letters 2021年第9期127卷 097401-097401页

作者： Sheng Liu Andrés Granados del Águila Dhiman Bhowmick Chee Kwan Gan T. Thu Ha Do M. A. Prosnikov David Sedmidubský Zdenek Sofer Peter C. M. Christianen Pinaki Sengupta Qihua Xiong Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Institute of High Performance Computing 1 Fusionopolis Way 16-16 Connexis Singapore 138632 High Field Magnet Laboratory HFML-EMFL Radboud University 6525 ED Nijmegen Netherlands Department of Inorganic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences Beijing 100193 China

We report the direct observation of strong coupling between magnons and phonons in a two-dimensional antiferromagnetic semiconductor FePS3, via magneto-Raman spectroscopy at magnetic fields up to 30 Tesla. A Raman-active magnon at 121 cm−1 is identified through Zeeman splitting in an applied magnetic field. At a field-driven resonance with a nearby phonon mode, a hybridized magnon-phonon quasiparticle is formed due to strong coupling between the two modes. We develop a microscopic model of the strong coupling in the two-dimensional magnetic lattice, which enables us to elucidate the nature of the emergent quasiparticle. Our polarized Raman results directly show that the magnons transfer their spin angular momentum to the phonons and generate phonon spin through the strong coupling.

关键词： Magnons Raman spectroscopy

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Model Parameter Analysis of Cracked Photovoltaic Module under Outdoor Conditions

Model Parameter Analysis of Cracked Photovoltaic Module unde...

引用

2020 47th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)

作者： Jingwei Zhang Yongjie Liu Kun Ding Li Feng Frank U. Hamelmann Xiang Chen College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Hohai University Changzhou China Solar Computing Lab University of Applied Science Bielefeld Minden Germany Changzhou Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic System Integration and Production Equipment Technology Changzhou China

ISBN: (数字)9781728161150

ISBN: (纸本)9781728161167

In the recent decade, the intelligent maintenance of the PV systems is a new trend in this area. In order to facilitate the further fault prognosis of the PV module, in this paper, the model parameters of the single diode model for a glass-cracked PV module with cracked cells, which cannot be visually inspected, are extracted based on the outdoor measured current-voltage (I-V) curves. The cracks of the solar cells are also observed from the electroluminescence images. The comparison results of the I-V curves from a referenced normal PV module and the glass-cracked PV module indicate that the photocurrent and the equivalent shunt resistance of the cracked solar cells in the fault PV module decreases significantly. The extracted parameters can quantitatively describe the failure degree of the cracked solar cells. The extracted parameter can also be used to further predict the degradation trend of the fault PV module and realize fault prognosis of PV modules.

关键词： Photovoltaic cells Resistance Temperature measurement Photovoltaic systems Photoconductivity Analytical models Market research

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Anisotropic superconductivity of niobium based on its response to non-magnetic disorder

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Tanatar, Makariy A. Torsello, Daniele Joshi, Kamal R. Ghimire, Sunil Kopas, Cameron J. Marshall, Jayss Mutus, Josh Y. Ghigo, Gianluca Zarea, Mehdi Sauls, James A. Prozorov, Ruslan Ames National Laboratory AmesIA50011 United States Department of Physics & Astronomy Iowa State University AmesIA50011 United States Department of Applied Science and Technology Politecnico di Torino TorinoI-10129 Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Torino TorinoI-10125 Italy Rigetti Computing 775 Heinz Ave. BerkeleyCA94710 United States Center for Applied Physics and Superconducting Technologies Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Hearne Institute of Theoretical Physics Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University Baton RougeLA70808 United States

Niobium is one of the most studied superconductors, both theoretically and experimentally. It is tremendously important for applications, and it has the highest superconducting transition temperature, Tc = 9.33 K, of all pure metals. In addition to power applications in alloys, pure niobium is used for sensitive magneto-sensing, radio-frequency cavities, and, more recently, as circuit metallization layers in superconducting qubits. A detailed understanding of its electronic and superconducting structure, especially its normal and superconducting state anisotropies, is crucial for mitigating the loss of quantum coherence in such devices. Recently, a microscopic theory of the anisotropic properties of niobium with the disorder was put forward. To verify theoretical predictions, we studied the effect of disorder produced by 3.5 MeV proton irradiation of thin Nb films grown by the same team and using the same protocols as those used in transmon qubits. By measuring the superconducting transition temperature and upper critical fields, we show a clear suppression of Tc by potential (non-magnetic) scattering, which is directly related to the anisotropic order parameter. We obtain a very close quantitative agreement between the theory and the experiment. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Quantum theory

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Photovoltaic Array Power Prediction Model Based on EEMD and PSO-KELM

Photovoltaic Array Power Prediction Model Based on EEMD and ...

引用

2020 47th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)

作者： Kun Ding Xiang Chen Jingwei Zhang Li Feng Frank U. Hamelmann Shuai Weng College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Hohai University Changzhou China Solar Computing Lab University of Applied Science Bielefeld Minden Germany Changzhou Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic System Integration and Production Equipment Technology Changzhou China

ISBN: (数字)9781728161150

ISBN: (纸本)9781728161167

In order to improve the accuracy of short-term photovoltaic (PV) power prediction, the PV array power prediction model based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and kernel extreme learning machine (KELM) optimized by particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO-KELM) is proposed in this paper. The EEMD algorithm is used to decompose the power sequence of the PV array into a series of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) with different features, the IMFs with similar features are divided into new components by sample entropy (SE), and establishing the KELM power prediction model corresponding to the new component. The PSO is used to optimize the output weight of KELM, seeking the optimal solution of upper and lower limits, and improving the performance of KELM. The actual data is used to compare the proposed prediction model with the traditional back-propagation (BP) and extreme learning machine (ELM) prediction models. The results validate that the proposed model can predict power of PV array with good accuracy and calculation speed.

关键词： Predictive models Kernel Biological system modeling Prediction algorithms Power generation Particle swarm optimization Neural networks

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