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biomedical Topical Meeting, BIO 2006

作者： Sud, Dhruv Mehta, Geeta Mehta, Khamir Linderman, Jennifer Takayama, Shuichi Mycek, Mary-Ann Dept. of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2099 United States Dept. of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2099 United States Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2099 United States Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2099 United States Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2099 United States

A unique FLIM system was employed to quantitatively image extracellular oxygen distributions in perfused micro-bioreactors. We report effects of cell density on oxygen consumption and the first such measurement of oxy... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)1557528071

关键词： Oxygen

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Planning for an integrated M&S framework for catastrophic event response

Planning for an integrated M&S framework for catastrophic ev...

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Spring Simulation Interoperability Workshop 2007, 07 Spring SIW

作者： Coolahan, James E. Applied Physics Laboratory National Security Analysis Department Johns Hopkins University 11100 Johns Hopkins Road Laurel MD United States Committee United States United States Forum SISO United States Research Development and Engineering Forum Program United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781604239232

In late 2005, the U.S. department of Homeland Security (DHS) selected a multi-University consortium led by the Johns Hopkins University (JHU) to form a University Center of Excellence (UCE) focused on the study of Preparedness and Catastrophic Event Response (PACER). One of the initial three-year cross-cutting projects being performed under the PACER UCE is the construction of an initial integrated M&S framework focused on preparing for the response to catastrophic events. This project, started in the fall of 2006, is led by the applied physics Laboratory of JHU (JHU/APL), and involves researchers from the University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Florida Atlantic University (FAU), Florida A&M University (FAMU), and the Brookings Institution. After an initial effort to catalog the variety of models and simulations appropriate to this area of study, the project will establish two prototype federations based on the High Level Architecture (HLA) - an Urban Chemical Disaster federation to be constructed in 2007-08, and a Bioterrorism Crisis Management federation to be constructed in 2008- 09. Ultimately, the M&S framework is intended to provide a composable set of simulations that can be used as an aid to decision-makers in training/rehearsal for responses to catastrophic events. This paper will outline the plans for the integrated M&S framework project, focusing on the design of the initial Urban Chemical Disaster prototype federation, the definition of its initial scenario of interest, and the focus areas of the simulations to be employed in the federation, to include airborne chemical transport and traffic flow simulation.

关键词： National security

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Frequency conversion of cohrent images by thin and volume dynamic holograms

Frequency conversion of cohrent images by thin and volume dy...

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Photonics, Devices and Systems III

作者： Ormachea, Omar Romanov, Oleg G. Tolstik, Alexei L. Diego, José Luis Arce Cubian, David Pereda Vélez, Félix Fanjul Faculty of Physics Department of Laser Physics and Spectroscopy Belarusian State University 220050 Minsk Belarus Applied Optics Techniques Group TEISA Dept. University of Cantabria Av. Castros s/n 39005 Santander Spain Dept. Biomedical Engineering Optical Imaging Laboratory Texas A and M University College Station TX 77840 United States

One of the main advances of dynamical holography is the possibility to operate with coherent images in real-time experimental situation. Non-degenerate four-wave mixing has some advantages among different holographic methods because it gives the possibility to perform visualization of infra-red images or to convert visible radiation into ultra-violet region. In the work we study different schemes of frequency conversion of coherent images by thin and volume dynamic holograms nonlinearly formed in multilevel resonance media in conditions of non-degenerate four-wave mixing. The theoretical model of dynamic gratings formation in dye solutions based on coupled-wave equations has been developed. Experimental realization of frequency conversion of coherent images from infra-red to the visible and between different wavelengths of visible region has been performed. It has been shown that the criterion of hologram thickness is dependent on the optical density of medium and intensity of input radiation. The diffraction efficiency of dynamic gratings has been measured in conditions of optical bleaching and in the mode of strong absorption, enabling recording of thin gratings.

关键词： Coherent light

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An experimental study of recombination and polarity effect in a set of customized plane parallel ionization chambers

An experimental study of recombination and polarity effect i...

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作者： Kron, Tomas McNiven, A. Witruk, B. Kenny, M. Battista, J. Department of Physical Sciences Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre St Andrews Place East Melbourne VIC 3002 Australia University of Western Ontario Medical Biophysics London ON Canada Department of Clinical Physics London Regional Cancer Program University of Western Ontario London ON Canada Department of Engineering and Applied Science OPG-DNGS Toronto ON Canada

Plane parallel ionization chambers are an important tool for dosimetry and absolute calibration of electron beams used for radiotherapy. Most dosimetric protocols require corrections for recombination and polarity effects, which are to be determined experimentally as they depend on chamber design and radiation quality. Both effects were investigated in electron beams from a linear accelerator (Varian 21CD) for a set of four tissue equivalent plane parallel ionization chambers customized for the present research by Standard Imaging (Madison WI). All four chambers share the same design and air cavity dimensions, differing only in the diameter of their collecting electrode and the corresponding width of the guard ring. The diameters of the collecting electrodes were 2 mm, 4 mm, 10 mm and 20 mm. Measurements were taken using electron beams of nominal energy 6 to 20 MeV in a 10 cm × 10 cm field size with a SSD of 100 cm at various depths in a Solid WaterR slab phantom. No significant variation of recombination effect was found with radiation quality, depth of measurement or chamber design. However, the polarity effect exceeded 5% for the chambers with small collecting electrode for an effective electron energy below 4 MeV at the point of measurement. The magnitude of the effect increased with decreasing electron energy in the phantom. The polarity correction factor calculated following AAPM protocol TG51 ranged from approximately 1.00 for the 20.0 mm chamber to less than 0.95 for the 2 mm chamber at 4.1cm depth in a electron beam of nominally 12 MeV. By inverting the chamber it could be shown that the polarity effect did not depend on the polarity of the electrode first traversed by the electron beam. Similarly, the introduction of an air gap between the overlying phantom layer and the chambers demonstrated that the angular distribution of the electrons at the point of measurement had a lesser effect on the polarity correction than the electron energy itself. The magnitu

关键词： Ionization chambers

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Comparison of Goldmann applanation and applanation resonance tonometry in a biomicroscope-based in vitro porcine eye model

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Journal of Medical engineering and Technology 2006年第6期30卷 345-352页

作者： Hallberg, P. Santala, K. Lindén, C. Lindahl, O.A. Eklund, A. Department of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics University Hospital of Umeå S-901 85 Umeå Sweden Department of Clinical Science Ophthalmology Umeå University S-901 87 Umeå Sweden Department of Applied Physics and Electronics Umeå University S-901 87 Umeå Sweden Centre for Biomedical Engineering and Physics Umeå University S-901 87 Umeå Sweden

We have developed an in vitro porcine eye model based on a biomicroscope, to simulate a clinical situation for IOP measurement on enucleated eyes. The aims of this study were to evaluate the model and to apply and compare Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) and applanation resonance tonometry (ART) measurements in porcine eyes. The GAT measurement (IOPGAT) showed a lower pressure, mean - 14.0 mm Hg (SD = 1.7 mm Hg) as compared with the reference pressure. For in vitro measurement with GAT on porcine eyes the linear calibration was IOP = 1.14 IOPGAT + 12.5 mm Hg (R2 = 0.99, p < 0.001, n = 280, four eyes). ART measurements correlated significantly to reference IOP, R = 0.86 (p < 0.001, n = 252, six eyes), with a mean difference of 5.4 mm Hg (SD = 6.7 mm Hg). GAT could only be used on porcine eyes if the IOP exceeded 13 mm Hg. Evaluation of the ART in this in vitro model showed position dependence for the sensor. To facilitate centre positioning a guiding tool is suggested. Porcine eyes are a possible substitute for human eyes in in vitro models for pre-clinical evaluation of new tonometry methods. © 2006 Informa UK Ltd.

关键词： Vision

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Noninvasive, quantitative fluorescence sensing in 3D tissues: An approach to in vivo molecular characterization of engineered tissue constructs

Noninvasive, quantitative fluorescence sensing in 3D tissues...

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biomedical Topical Meeting, BIO 2006

作者： Chandra, Malavika Vishwanath, Karthik Fichter, Greg D. Liao, Elly Francis, Michael R. Hollister, Scott Mycek, Mary-Ann Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2099 United States Departments of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2099 United States Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2099 United States University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2099 United States Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2099 United States

A method for noninvasive, quantitative characterization of tissues using molecular fluorescence was applied to porcine knee cartilage. Experimental and computational results agreed to within 5% and were reproducible w... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)1557528071

关键词： Tissue

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Dynamics of Prestressed Semiflexible Polymer Chains as a Model of Cell Rheology

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Physical Review Letters 2006年第16期97卷 168101-168101页

作者： Noah Rosenblatt Adriano M. Alencar Arnab Majumdar Béla Suki Dimitrije Stamenović Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston University 44 Cummington Street Boston Massachusetts 02215 USA Physiology Program Department of Environmental Health Harvard School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA Department of Physics Boston University Boston Massachusetts 02215 USA

We report on a model of a prestressed nonlinear semiflexible polymer chain that links thermally driven dynamics to the creep behavior of living cells. Numerical simulations show that the chain’s creep follows a power law with an exponent that decreases with increasing prestress. This is related to the propagation of free energy through the chain in response to stretching, where the propagation speed is regulated by the prestress via the chain’s nonlinear elasticity. These results indicate that the main aspects of cell rheology are consistent with the dynamics of single polymer chains under tension.

关键词： Polymers

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High-Degree Concentration of Bio-agents using Electrokinetic Manipulations

High-Degree Concentration of Bio-agents using Electrokinetic...

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IEEE/NLM Life Science Systems and Applications Workshop

作者： Kent Murray Tza-huei Wang Keith Rebello James Crookston Joseph Miragliotta Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory Research and Technology Development Center Laurel MD USA

ISBN: (纸本)1424402778

Techniques used for the upstream collection of bio-warfare agents often result in a large, dilute sample volume composed of a wide variety of moieties. Nonetheless, current bioassays, though constantly being refined, benefit from a highly concentrated sample, leading to an enhanced signal to noise ratio and increasing the ultimate sensitivity. This report describes an electrokinetics-based sample concentration device designed to concentrate bio-agents, such as bacillus spores, from a relatively large volume (~500 mul) to be within a nanoliter volume for downstream target processing and detection. The concentrator can later be integrated with other fluidic sample processing devices and sensors for the development of a stand-alone bio-agent surveillance system

关键词： Electrokinetics Electrodes Biosensors Fungi Nanobioscience Sensor systems Surveillance physics Fluid flow Dielectrophoresis

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Femtosecond laser ablation of silicon (100) with thermal oxide thin films of varying thickness

Femtosecond laser ablation of silicon (100) with thermal oxi...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2006

作者： McDonald, Joel P. Ray, Katherine E. Mistry, Vanita R. Mourou, Gérard Yalisove, Steven M. Center for Ultrafast Optical Science Department of Electrical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2099 United States Applied Physics Program 2477 Randall Laboratory University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-1120 United States College of Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering 2200 Hayward Street Ann Arbor MI 48109-2136 United States

Femtosecond laser ablation of Silicon (100) with thermal oxide thin films was studied in order to further understand the ablative properties of thin films and to evaluate their influence on the ablation of the substra... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)1557528136

关键词： Laser ablation

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Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy detects altered metabolic function in living human cancer cell models

Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy detects altered met...

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biomedical Topical Meeting, BIO 2006

作者： Sud, Dhruv Zhong, Wei Beer, David Mycek, Mary-Ann Dept. of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2099 United States Dept. of Surgery University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2099 United States Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2099 United States Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2099 United States

A unique FLIM system sensed key molecules involved in metabolic pathways in living cellular models of human esophageal cancer progression. Functional imaging studies revealed endogenous, optical biomarkers that are cl... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)1557528071

关键词： Metabolism

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