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Three-dimensional acoustic Chern insulators with arbitrary Chern vectors

Physical Review Research 2025年第2期7卷 023280-023280页

作者： Linyun Yang Xiang Xi Yan Meng Zhenxiao Zhu Ying Wu Jingming Chen Minqi Cheng Kexin Xiang Perry Ping Shum Yihao Yang Hongsheng Chen Jian Li Bei Yan Gui-Geng Liu Baile Zhang Zhen Gao State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacturing Technology Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics Intellisense Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China College of Aerospace Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China School of Electrical Engineering and Intelligentization Dongguan University of Technology Dongguan 523808 China School of Science Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering ZJU-UIUC Institute Zhejiang University 310027 Hangzhou China School of Science Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang Province China Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical Process and College of Science Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430081 China Department of Electronic and Information Engineering School of Engineering Westlake University Hangzhou 310030 China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies The Photonics Institute Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore

The Chern vector is a vectorial generalization of the scalar Chern number, being able to characterize the topological phases of three-dimensional (3D) Chern insulators. Such a vectorial generalization extends the applicability of Chern-type bulk-boundary correspondence from one-dimensional edge states to two-dimensional surface states, whose unique features, such as robust chiral surface states and forming nontrivial torus knots or links in the surface Brillouin zone, have been demonstrated recently in 3D photonic crystals. However, to date, the Chern vectors have been limited to the simplest form with only one nonzero component, resulting in the chiral surface states only propagating along four side surfaces parallel to the Chern vector, and the surface-state torus knots or links emerging, not on the surface of a single crystal as in other 3D topological phases, but only along an internal domain wall between two crystals with perpendicular Chern vectors. Here, we extend the 3D Chern insulator phase to acoustic crystals for sound waves and propose a scheme to construct an arbitrary Chern vector with multiple nonzero components that allow the chiral surface states to propagate along all six surfaces and the emergence of surface-state torus knots or links on the surface of a single crystal. These results provide a complete picture of bulk-boundary correspondence for Chern vectors and may have potential applications in designing topological acoustic devices.

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IBM Q Experience as a versatile experimental testbed for simulating open quantum systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： García-Pérez, G. Rossi, M.A.C. Maniscalco, S. QTF Centre of Excellence Turku Centre for Quantum Physics Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Turku Turun YliopistoFI-20014 Finland Complex Systems Research Group Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Turku Turun YliopistoFI-20014 Finland QTF Centre of Excellence Center for Quantum Engineering Department of Applied Physics Aalto University School of Science AaltoFIN-00076 Finland

The advent of Noisy Intermediate-Scale quantum (NISQ) technology is changing rapidly the landscape and modality of research in quantum physics. NISQ devices, such as the IBM Q Experience, have very recently proven their capability as experimental platforms accessible to everyone around the globe. Until now, IBM Q Experience processors have mostly been used for quantum computation and simulation of closed systems. Here we show that these devices are also able to implement a great variety of paradigmatic open quantum systems models, hence providing a robust and flexible testbed for open quantum systems theory. During the last decade an increasing number of experiments have successfully tackled the task of simulating open quantum systems in different platforms, from linear optics to trapped ions, from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) to Cavity quantum Electrodynamics. Generally, each individual experiment demonstrates a specific open quantum system model, or at most a specific class. Our main result is to prove the great versatility of the IBM Q Experience processors. Indeed, we experimentally implement one and two-qubit open quantum systems, both unital and non-unital dynamics, Markovian and non-Markovian evolutions. Moreover, we realise proof-of-principle reservoir engineering for entangled state generation, demonstrate collisional models, and verify revivals of quantum channel capacity and extractable work, caused by memory effects. All these results are obtained using IBM Q Experience processors publicly available and remotely accessible online. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Trapped ions

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Materials and devices for fundamental quantum science and quantum technologies

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Polini, Marco Giazotto, Francesco Fong, Kin Chung Pop, Ioan M. Schuck, Carsten Boccali, Tommaso Signorelli, Giovanni D'Elia, Massimo Hadfield, Robert H. Giovannetti, Vittorio Rossini, Davide Tredicucci, Alessandro Efetov, Dmitri K. Koppens, Frank H.L. Jarillo-Herrero, Pablo Grassellino, Anna Pisignano, Dario Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Pisa Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3 PisaI-56127 Italy Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Graphene Labs Via Morego 30 GenovaI-16163 Italy NEST Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR Scuola Normale Superiore PisaI-56127 Italy Quantum Engineering and Computing Group Raytheon BBN Technologies CambridgeMA02138 United States Institute for Quantum Materials and Technology Karlsruher Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany Physikalisches Institut Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe76131 Germany Institute of Physics University of Münster Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10 Münster48149 Germany Heisenbergstr. 11 Münster48149 Germany Busso-Peus-Str. 10 Münster48149 Germany INFN Sezione di Pisa Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3 PisaI-56127 Italy James Watt School of Engineering University of Glasgow GlasgowG12 8QQ United Kingdom NEST Scuola Normale Superiore Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR PisaI-56127 Italy ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 3 Castelldefels Barcelona08860 Spain ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats Passeig Lluís Companys 23 Barcelona08010 Spain Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems Center Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory BataviaIL60510 United States

Technologies operating on the basis of quantum mechanical laws and resources such as phase coherence and entanglement are expected to revolutionize our future. quantum technologies are often divided into four main pillars: computing, simulation, communication, and sensing & metrology. Moreover, a great deal of interest is currently also nucleating around energy-related quantum technologies. In this Perspective, we focus on advanced superconducting materials, van der Waals materials, and moiré quantum matter, summarizing recent exciting developments and highlighting a wealth of potential applications, ranging from high-energy experimental and theoretical physics to quantum materials science and energy storage. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Van der Waals forces

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Diffusive topological transport in spatiotemporal thermal lattices

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Xu, Guoqiang Yang, Yihao Zhou, Xue Chen, Hongsheng Alù, Andrea Qiu, Cheng-Wei Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Kent Ridge117583 Singapore Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang University Hangzhou China School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Chongqing Technology and Business University Chongqing400067 China ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China International Joint Innovation Center ZJU-UIUC Institute The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Haining314400 China Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Physics Program Graduate Center of the City University of New York New YorkNY10016 United States

Topological insulating phases are usually found in periodic lattices stemming from collective resonant effects, and it may thus be expected that similar features may be prohibited in thermal diffusion, given its purely dissipative and largely incoherent nature. We report the diffusion-based topological states supported by spatiotemporally-modulated advections stacked over a fluidic surface, thereby imitating a periodic propagating potential in effective thermal lattices. We observe edge and bulk states within purely nontrivial and trivial lattices, respectively. At interfaces between these two types of lattices, the diffusive system exhibits interface states, manifesting inhomogeneous thermal properties on the fluidic surface. Our findings establish a framework for topological diffusion and thermal edge/bulk states, and it may empower a distinct mechanism for flexible manipulation of robust heat and mass transfer. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Interface states

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Dangling Bonds in Hexagonal Boron Nitride as Single-Photon Emitters

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Physical Review Letters 2019年第12期123卷 127401-127401页

作者： Mark E. Turiansky Audrius Alkauskas Lee C. Bassett Chris G. Van de Walle Department of Physics University of California Santa Barbara California 93106-9530 USA Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC) Vilnius LT-10257 Lithuania Quantum Engineering Laboratory Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 USA Materials Department University of California Santa Barbara California 93106-5050 USA

Hexagonal boron nitride has been found to host color centers that exhibit single-photon emission, but the microscopic origin of these emitters is unknown. We propose boron dangling bonds as the likely source of the observed single-photon emission around 2 eV. An optical transition where an electron is excited from a doubly occupied boron dangling bond to a localized B pz state gives rise to a zero-phonon line of 2.06 eV and emission with a Huang-Rhys factor of 2.3. This transition is linearly polarized with the absorptive and emissive dipole aligned. Because of the energetic position of the states within the band gap, indirect excitation through the conduction band will occur for sufficiently large excitation energies, leading to the misalignment of the absorptive and emissive dipoles seen in experiment. Our calculations predict a singlet ground state and the existence of a metastable triplet state, in agreement with experiment.

关键词： First-principles calculations Optical sources & detectors Point defects 2-dimensional systems Optical microcavities quantum wells Semiconductor compounds Optical absorption spectroscopy

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Exchange Bias Effect in Ferro-/Antiferromagnetic van der Waals Heterostructures (vol 20, pg 3978, 2020)

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NANO LETTERS 2020年第7期20卷 5590-5590页

作者： Srivastava, Pawan Kumar Hassan, Yasir Ahn, Hyobin Kang, Byunggil Jung, Soon-Gil Gebredingle, Yisehak Joe, Minwoong Abbas, Muhammad Sabbtain Park, Tuson Park, Je-Geun Lee, Kyung-Jin Lee, Changgu School of Mechanical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea Center for Quantum Materials and Superconductivity (CQMS) Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea Department of Physics Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea Center for Correlated Electron Systems Institute for Basic Science Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea

The recent discovery of magnetic van der Waals (vdW) materials provides a platform to answer fundamental questions on the two-dimensional (2D) limit of magnetic phenomena and applications. An important question in magnetism is the ultimate limit of the antiferromagnetic layer thickness in ferromagnetic (FM)/antiferromagnetic (AFM) heterostructures to observe the exchange bias (EB) effect, of which origin has been subject to a long-standing debate. Here, we report that the EB effect is maintained down to the atomic bilayer of AFM in the FM (Fe3GeTe2)/AFM (CrPS4) vdW heterostructure, but it vanishes at the single-layer limit. Given that CrPS4is of A-type AFM and, thus, the bilayer is the smallest unit to form an AFM, this result clearly demonstrates the 2D limit of EB; only one unit of AFM ordering is sufficient for a finite EB effect. Moreover, the semiconducting property of AFM CrPS4allows us to electrically control the exchange bias, providing an energy-efficient knob for spintronic devices.

关键词： Thickness Layers Magnetic properties quantum mechanics Heterostructures

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Erasable superconductivity in topological insulator Bi2Se3 induced by voltage pulse

Research Square

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Research Square 2020年

作者： Le, Tian Ye, Qikai Chen, Chufan Yin, Lichang Zhang, Dongting Wang, Xiaozhi Lu, Xin Center for Correlated Matter and Department of Physics Zhejiang University Hangzhou310058 China Key Labaratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing210093 China

Three-dimensional topological insulators (TIs) attract much attention due to its topologically protected Dirac surface states [1, 2, 3, 4]. Doping into TIs or their proximity with normal superconductors can promote the realization of topological superconductivity (SC) and Majorana fermions with potential applications in quantum computations [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]. Here, we observed an emergent superconductivity in local mesoscopic point-contacts on the topological insulator Bi2Se3 by applying a voltage pulse through the contacts, evidenced by the Andreev reflection peak in the point-contact spectra and a visible resistance drop in the four-probe electrical resistance measurements. More intriguingly, the superconductivity can be erased with thermal cycles by warming up to high temperatures (300 K) and induced again by the voltage pulse at the base temperature (1.9 K), suggesting a significance for designing new types of quantum devices. Nematic behaviour is also observed in the superconducting state, similar to the case of CuxBi2Se3 as topological superconductor candidates [12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 11, 17, 18]. © 2020, CC BY.

关键词： Bismuth compounds

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Terahertz Faraday and Kerr rotation spectroscopy of Bi1−xSbx films in high magnetic fields up to 30 tesla

引用

Physical Review B 2019年第11期100卷 115145-115145页

作者： Xinwei Li Katsumasa Yoshioka Ming Xie G. Timothy Noe, II Woojoo Lee Nicolas Marquez Peraca Weilu Gao Toshio Hagiwara Ørjan S. Handegård Li-Wei Nien Tadaaki Nagao Masahiro Kitajima Hiroyuki Nojiri Chih-Kang Shih Allan H. MacDonald Ikufumi Katayama Jun Takeda Gregory A. Fiete Junichiro Kono Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Department of Physics Graduate School of Engineering Yokohama National University Yokohama 240-8501 Japan Department of Physics and Center for Complex Quantum Systems The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Sendai 980-8577 Japan Department of Physics Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA

We report results of terahertz Faraday and Kerr rotation spectroscopy measurements on thin films of Bi1−xSbx, an alloy system that exhibits a semimetal-to-topological-insulator transition as the Sb composition x increases. By using a single-shot time-domain terahertz spectroscopy setup combined with a table-top pulsed minicoil magnet, we conducted measurements in magnetic fields up to 30 T, observing distinctly different behaviors between semimetallic (x<0.07) and topological insulator (x>0.07) samples. Faraday and Kerr rotation spectra for the semimetallic films showed a pronounced dip that blueshifted with the magnetic field, whereas spectra for the topological insulator films were positive and featureless, increasing in amplitude with increasing magnetic field and eventually saturating at high fields (>20 T). Ellipticity spectra for the semimetallic films showed resonances, whereas the topological insulator films showed no detectable ellipticity. To explain these observations, we developed a theoretical model based on realistic band parameters and the Kubo formula for calculating the optical conductivity of Landau-quantized charge carriers. Our calculations quantitatively reproduced all experimental features, establishing that the Faraday and Kerr signals in the semimetallic films predominantly arise from bulk hole cyclotron resonances while the signals in the topological insulator films represent combined effects of surface carriers originating from multiple electron and hole pockets. These results demonstrate that the use of high magnetic fields in terahertz magnetopolarimetry, combined with detailed electronic structure and conductivity calculations, allows us to unambiguously identify and quantitatively determine unique contributions from different species of carriers of topological and nontopological nature in Bi1−xSbx.

关键词： Faraday effect Kerr effect Topological materials Terahertz spectroscopy

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Roadmap on multimode light shaping

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Piccardo, Marco Ginis, Vincent Forbes, Andrew Mahler, Simon Friesem, Asher A. Davidson, Nir Ren, Haoran Dorrah, Ahmed H. Capasso, Federico Dullo, Firehun T. Ahluwalia, Balpreet S. Ambrosio, Antonio Gigan, Sylvain Treps, Nicolas Hiekkamäki, Markus Fickler, Robert Kues, Michael Moss, David Morandotti, Roberto Riemensberger, Johann Kippenberg, Tobias J. Faist, Jérôme Scalari, Giacomo Picqué, Nathalie Hänsch, Theodor W. Cerullo, Giulio Manzoni, Cristian Lugiato, Luigi A. Brambilla, Massimo Columbo, Lorenzo Gatti, Alessandra Prati, Franco Shiri, Abbas Abouraddy, Ayman F. Alù, Andrea Galiffi, Emanuele Pendry, J.B. Huidobro, Paloma A. Center for Nano Science and Technology Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Milano Italy Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University CambridgeMA United States Data Lab/Applied Physics Vrije Universiteit Brussel Belgium School of Physics University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa Department of Physics of Complex Systems Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel MQ Photonics Research Centre Department of Physics and Astronomy Macquarie University Macquarie ParkNSW Australia Department of Physics and Technology UiT-The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway Laboratoire Kastler Brossel ENS-PSL Research University CNRS Sorbonne Université Collège de France Paris France Tampere University Photonics Laboratory Physics Unit Tampere Finland Institute of Photonics Leibniz University Hannover Germany Optical Sciences Centre Swinburne University of Technology Australia Energie Materiaux Telecommunications Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique Canada Lausanne Switzerland Institute for Quantum Electronics ETH Zurich Zürich Switzerland Max-Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching Germany Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologia-CNR Dipartimento di Fisica Politecnico di Milano Milano Italy Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia Università dell'Insubria Como Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Interateneo and CNR-IFN Università e Politecnico di Bari Bari Italy Dipartimento di Elettronica e Telecomunicazioni Politecnico di Torino Torino Italy Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie IFN-CNR Milano Italy CREOL The College of Optics & Photonics University of Central Florida OrlandoFL United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Central Florida OrlandoFL United States Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York United States The Blackett Laboratory Imperial College London London United Kingdom Instituto de Telecomunicações IST-University o

Our ability to generate new distributions of light has been remarkably enhanced in recent years. At the most fundamental level, these light patterns are obtained by ingeniously combining different electromagnetic modes. Interestingly, the modal superposition occurs in the spatial, temporal as well as spatio-temporal domain. This generalized concept of structured light is being applied across the entire spectrum of optics: generating classical and quantum states of light, harnessing linear and nonlinear light-matter interactions, and advancing applications in microscopy, spectroscopy, holography, communication, and synchronization. This Roadmap highlights the common roots of these different techniques and thus establishes links between research areas that complement each other seamlessly. We provide an overview of all these areas, their backgrounds, current research, and future developments. We highlight the power of multimodal light manipulation and want to inspire new eclectic approaches in this vibrant research community. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Light

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A synthetic monopole source of Kalb-Ramond field in diamond

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Chen, Mo Li, Changhao Palumbo, Giandomenico Zhu, Yan-Qing Goldman, Nathan Cappellaro, Paola Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems Université Libre de Bruxelles Campus Plaine CP 231 BrusselsB-1050 Belgium Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States School of Theoretical Physics Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 10 Burlington Road Dublin 4 Ireland Institute for Quantum Information and Matter Thomas J. Watson Sr. Laboratory of Applied Physics California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States

Magnetic monopoles play a central role in various areas of fundamental physics, ranging from electromagnetism to topological states of matter. While their observation is elusive in high-energy physics, monopole sources of artificial gauge fields have been recently identified in synthetic matter. String theory, a potentially unifying framework that encompasses quantum mechanics, promotes the conventional vector gauge fields of electrodynamics to tensor gauge fields, and predicts the existence of more exotic tensor monopoles in 4D space. Here we report on the characterization of a tensor monopole synthesized in a 4D parameter space by the spin degrees of freedom of a single solid-state defect in diamond. Using two complementary methods, we characterize the tensor monopole by measuring its quantized topological charge and its emanating Kalb-Ramond field. By introducing a fictitious external field that breaks chiral symmetry, we further observe an intriguing transition in the spectrum, characterized by spectral rings protected by mirror symmetries. Our work represents the first detection of tensor monopoles in a solid-state system and opens up the possibility of emulating exotic topological structures inspired by string theory. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tensors

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