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28th Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS'06

作者： Linderman, Michael D. Gilja, Vikash Santhanam, Gopal Afshar, Afsheen Ryu, Stephen Meng, Teresa H. Shenoy, Krishna V. Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA United States Department of Computer Science Stanford University Stanford CA United States School of Medicine Stanford University Stanford CA United States Department of Neurosurgery Stanford University Stanford CA United States Neurosciences Program Stanford University Stanford CA United States

ISBN: (纸本)1424400325

Chronically implanted electrode arrays have enabled a broad range of advances, particularly in the field of neural prosthetics. Those successes motivate development of prototype implantable prosthetic processors for long duration, continuous use in freely behaving subjects. However, traditional experimental protocols have provided limited information regarding the stability of the electrode arrays and their neural recordings. In this paper we present preliminary results derived from long duration neural recordings in a freely behaving primate which show variations in action potential shape and RMS noise across a range of time scales. These preliminary results suggest that spike sorting algorithms can no longer assume stable neural signals and will need to transition to adaptive signal processing methodologies to maximize performance. ©2006 IEEE.

关键词： Prosthetics

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Special Session - Not Many Women in engineering -- So Why Should I Care? Bridging Gender Gaps and Stereotypes

Special Session - Not Many Women in Engineering -- So Why Sh...

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Frontiers in Education (FIE) Conference

作者： Margaret Bailey Caroline Baillie John Impagliazzo Donna M. Riley George D. Catalano Kate Gleason College of Engineering Rochester Institute of Technology USA Engineering and Engineering Education Queen''s University Kingston ONT Canada Department of Computer Science Hofstra University Hempstead NY USA Picker Engineering Program Smith College Northampton MA USA University Scholars Program Binghamton University Binghamton NY USA

As a group, we will explore issues related to the fact that engineering and computer science is still very much a male dominated profession. We will explore these issues through a process of reflection and challenge. An interactive format will be utilized with attendees assigned to smaller discussion groups each led by a facilitator. Facilitators will be both female and male. A series of open-ended questions will serve as the starting point for the discussions with each group then asked to report back to the entire session as a whole

关键词： computer science Educational institutions Optical reflection Mechanical engineering Educational technology Materials science and technology engineering education Biomedical engineering Educational programs

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COMMA: A Communications Methodology for Dynamic Module Reconfiguration in FPGAs

COMMA: A Communications Methodology for Dynamic Module Recon...

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Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-programmable Custom Computing Machines (FCCM)

作者： Shannon Koh Oliver Diessel School of Computer Science & Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney Australia Embedded Real Time and Operation Systems Program National ICT Australia NICTA Sydney Australia

On-going improvements in the scaling of FPGA device sizes and time-to-market pressures encourage the use of module-oriented design flows [3], while economic factors favour the reuse of smaller devices for high performance computational tasks. One of the core problems in proposing dynamic modular reconfiguration approaches is supporting the differing communications needs of the sequence of modules configured over time [2]. Proposals to date have not focussed on communications issues. Moreover, they have advocated the use of specific protocols [4], or they cannot be readily implemented [1], or they suffer from high overheads [5], or rely upon deprecated features such as tri-state lines [7]. In contrast, we propose a methodology for the rapid deployment of a communications infrastructure that provides the wires required by dynamic modules and allows users to implement the protocols they want. Our aim is to support new tiled dynamically reconfigurable architectures such as Virtex-4, as well as mature device families.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays Pins Wiring Australia Protocols computer science Design engineering Real time systems Operating systems Time to market

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Evolving Neural Networks for Pharmaceutical Research

Evolving Neural Networks for Pharmaceutical Research

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International Conference on Hybrid Information Technology, ICHIT

作者： Crina Grosan Ajith Abraham Stefan Tigan Tae Gyu Chang Dong Hwan Kim Department of Computer Science Babes Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca Romania IITA Professorship Program School of Computer Science and Engineering Chung-Ang University Seoul South Korea Faculty of Medicine Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics University Iuliu Hatieganu Cluj-Napoca Romania

This article presents the application of meta-learning evolutionary artificial neural network (MLEANN) for a pharmaceutical research problem. Designing drugs is a current problem in the pharmaceutical research domain. By designing a drug we mean to choose some variables of drug formulation (inputs), for obtaining optimal characteristics of drug (outputs). To solve such a problem we propose an evolutionary artificial neural network and the performance is compared with a neuro-fuzzy system and an artificial neural network trained using scaled conjugate gradient algorithm. This research used the experimental data obtained from the Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Techniques of the Faculty of Pharmacy in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Bootstrap techniques were used to generate more samples of data and the number of experimental data is reduced due to the costs and time durations of experimentations. We obtain in this way a better estimation of some drug parameters. Experiment results indicate that the proposed method is efficient

关键词： Neural networks Pharmaceuticals Drugs Artificial neural networks computer science Costs Biomedical engineering Biomedical informatics Application software Fuzzy neural networks

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Predicting probability of mortality in the neonatal intensive care unit

Predicting probability of mortality in the neonatal intensiv...

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28th Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS'06

作者： Dajie, Zhou Frize, Monique IEEE Program of Systems Science University of Ottawa 800 King Edward Ottawa Ont. K1N 6N5 Canada Department of Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton University University of Ottawa 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa Ont. K1S 5B5 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)1424400325

Artificial neural networks can be trained to predict outcomes in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). This paper expands on past research and shows that neural networks trained by the maximum likelihood estimation criterion will approximate the 'a posteriori probability' of NICU mortality. A gradient ascent method for the weight update of three-layer feed-forward neural networks was derived. The neural networks were trained on NICU data and the results were evaluated by performance measurement techniques, such as the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test The resulting models applied as mortality prognostic screening tools are presented. © 2006 IEEE.

关键词： Neonatal monitoring

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Work Function of Cathode Emitter Materials Obtained by Ab-initio Quantum Mechanical Modeling

Work Function of Cathode Emitter Materials Obtained by Ab-in...

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International Conference on Vacuum Electronics

作者： V. Vlahos E.F. Holby A.K. Berta D.D. Morgan J.H. Booske University of Wisconsin Madison Madison WI USA 1415 Engineering Dr. Madison WI University of Wisconsin Madison USA Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program Madison WI Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin Madison USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Madison WI Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI USA

The work function of a material is a very important figure of merit in determining the material's applicability as an efficient electron emitter. Consequently, the work function of a variety of materials utilized in both thermionic and field-assisted cathodes for electron emission was investigated computationally using ab-initio quantum mechanical modeling methods based on the density functional theory (DFT) approach (Hohenberg and Kohm, 1964). This approach enables the detailed and self-consistent treatment of a system utilizing quantum mechanical principles and yields accurate information pertaining to its electronic properties. Of particular interest are cesium-iodide (CsI) coated carbon-based cathodes (Shiffler et al., 2004), which comprise a very promising class of cold field emitters capable of operating at low global electric fields. However, the exact origin of their enhanced emission properties is not clear, and a better understanding is necessary for further improvement and optimization of this technology. We apply ab-initio quantum mechanical modeling for understanding the origin of the fundamental emission mechanisms of this material system

关键词： Cathodes Quantum mechanics Quantum computing Atomic layer deposition Materials science and technology Thermionic emission Electron emission Density functional theory Convergence of numerical methods Slabs

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Diamond Ultramicroelectrode Chemical Sensing Arrays

Diamond Ultramicroelectrode Chemical Sensing Arrays

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IEEE SENSORS

作者： W.P. Kang J.L. Davidson K.L. Soh Y.M. Wong D.E. Cliffel A.B. Bonds Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Interdisciplinary Program in Materials Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA

Diamond ultramicroelectrode arrays (D-UMEAs) have been fabricated and evaluated experimentally for chemical sensing. D-UMEAs were found to demonstrate higher current density per unit active area than planar diamond macroelectrode and glassy carbon electrode. D-UMEAs could address new operating envelopes in electrochemical detection, and provide stable sensor electrodes for bio and extreme environments.

关键词： Sensor arrays USA Councils Fabrication Microelectrodes Chemical sensors Envelope detectors Chemical and biological sensors Biosensors Biomedical electrodes Powders

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Electrical Transport in Transparent Conducting Tin‐doped Indium Oxide Films

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2006年第1期850卷 1548-1549页

作者： S. S. Yeh J. Y. Lu M. W. Shiu J. J. Lin Institute of Physics National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Undergraduate Honor Program National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan Department of Electrophysics National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan

We have studied the temperature behavior of the electrical resistivities ρ(T) in a series of tin‐doped indium‐oxide films with different residual resistivities ρ0 varying from 218 to 568 μΩ cm. We found that the temperature dependence of ρ can be well described by the Bloch‐Grüneisen law from 300 K down to about 100 K. In particular, we observed that the strength of the electron‐phonon coupling, βBG (which characterizes a prefactor in the Bloch‐Grüneisen formula) increases linearly with increasing ρ0. This result is not understood in terms of current theoretical concept for electron‐phonon interaction in metals.

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Biological network epitomes via topological compression

Biological network epitomes via topological compression

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IEEE International Workshop on Genomic Signal Processing and Statistics (GENSIPS)

作者： Gil Alterovitz Marco F. Ramon Health Science and Technology/Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge USA Children's Hospital Informatics Program at the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology / Harvard Medical School- Partners Center for Genetics and Genomics Boston 02115 USA.

High-throughput generation of new types of relational biological datasets is creating a demand for network-based signal processing and pattern recognition to provide new insights. Such networks are often too large to interpret visually and too complicated to be explained solely based on local topological properties. Just as signal processing and statistical techniques have been used in traditional, sequential-based biological datasets, so too are methodologies needed to automatically discern patterns in the huge, emerging networks. One way to do this is by transforming these very large networks into discernable epitomes, or abstracts, of the original networks. This work presents an approach for doing this via topological compression. Through capturing nodes' global topologies and subsequent compression, a new network epitome can be derived. Here, this is done with an E. Coli gene regulation network, resulting in biological findings that could not be derived from the local topology of the original network.

关键词： Biological information theory Network topology Genomics Bioinformatics Biomedical signal processing Compression algorithms Visualization Biology Gas insulated transmission lines computer science

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Gene lethality detection across biological network domains: Hubs versus stochastic global topological analysis

Gene lethality detection across biological network domains: ...

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IEEE International Workshop on Genomic Signal Processing and Statistics (GENSIPS)

作者： Gil Alterovitz Vinayak Muralidhar Marco F. Ramoni Health Science and Technology/Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge USA Harvard Medical School-Partners Center for Genetics and Genomics Boston USA Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Children's Hospital Informatics Program Boston USA

In this paper, we investigate the properties of lethal genes in E. coli, our model organism. Topological analysis of networks of functional interactions among genes has shown that lethal genes share common local connectivity properties. In this paper, we analyze cellular networks across three domains. We show that a stochastic global topological analysis, via random walks, is more effective at predicting gene lethality than simply looking at local topology using the standard hub-based method. We also introduce the possibility of using metabolic pathways to understand lethal genes, as regulating these pathways is among one of the most important functions of the gene-encoded proteins. Additionally, we analyze lethal genes in terms of the Gene Ontology (GO) and find that the graph forms two highly connected clusters that are each GO enriched for specific terms. We also find that lethal metabolic regulators are extremely enriched. Finally, we provide applications of the work and avenues for future research.

关键词： Stochastic processes Proteins Organisms Humans Genomics Bioinformatics Databases Genetics Network topology Production

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