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International Conference on Electronics, Materials engineering and Nano-Technology (IEMENTech)

作者： Shafiul Islam Mazumder Sazzadul Islam Shovon Md Tanvir Chowdhury Minhajul Islam Habiba Azad Raisa Habibur Rahman Monjurul Islam Sumon Md. Khalid Mahbub Khan Department of Computer Science and Engineering American International University Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Information System Central Michigan University Michigan United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering East West University Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Information Technology & Sciences (UITS) Dhaka Bangladesh

ISBN: (数字)9798331520762

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520779

The rapid growth of mobile applications, combined with an increasing reliance on these apps for a variety of purposes, has prompted serious concerns about user privacy and data security. This study aims to assess the privacy practices, data handling methods, and security vulnerabilities of mobile apps in a variety of categories, including social media, e-commerce, health and fitness, and financial management. This study identifies major privacy and security issues by examining privacy policies and terms of service, as well as how these apps handle sensitive data. The study also examines free and premium apps' privacy procedures, taking into account the implications for user data protection. The findings illustrate differences in data handling and security standards across different app categories, highlighting the importance of transparent privacy policies, strong security mechanisms, and limited data sharing to protect user information. The research helps to define standards and best practices for promoting secure app activity, increasing user confidence, and guaranteeing a safer digital environment.

关键词： Privacy Social networking (online) Data security Ecosystems Data protection Mobile applications Electronic commerce Protection Standards Best practices

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Covert Communications in Active-IOS Aided Uplink NOMA systems With Full-Duplex Receiver

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2025年第5期74卷 8419-8424页

作者： Kang, Xueyu Qi, Nan Lv, Lu Boulogeorgos, Alexandros-Apostolos A. Tsiftsis, Theodoros A. Liu, Hongwu Shandong Jiaotong University School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering Jinan250357 China Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space Nanjing210016 China Xidian University State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks Xi'an710071 China Xidian University School of Telecommunications Engineering Xi'an710071 China University of Western Macedonia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Kozani50100 Greece University of Thessaly Department of Informatics and Telecommunications Lamia35100 Greece University of Nottingham Ningbo China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Ningbo315100 China

In this paper, an active intelligent omni-surface (A-IOS) is deployed to aid uplink transmissions in a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system. In order to shelter the covert signal embedded in the superposition transmissions, a multi-antenna full-duplex (FD) receiver is utilized at the base-station to recover signal in addition to jamming the warden. With the aim of maximizing the covert rate, the FD transmit and receive beamforming, A-IOS refraction and reflection beamforming, NOMA transmit power, and FD jamming power are jointly optimized. To tackle the non-convex covert rate maximization problem subject to the highly coupled system parameters, an alternating optimization algorithm is designed to iteratively solve the decoupled sub-problems of optimizing the system parameters. The optimal solutions for the sub-problems of the NOMA transmit power and FD jamming power optimizations are derived in closed-form. To tackle the rank-one constrained non-convex fractional programming of the A-IOS beamforming and FD beamforming, a penalized Dinkelbach transformation approach is proposed to resort to the optimal solutions via semidefinite programming. Numerical results clarify that the deployment of the A-IOS significantly improves the covert rate compared with the passive-IOS aided uplink NOMA system. It is also found that the proposed scheme provides better covert communication performance with the optimized NOMA transmit power and FD jamming power compared with the benchmark schemes. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Jamming

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Image Enhancement of Chest X-Ray Quality Using Nonlinear and Spatial Filter for Noise Reduction 3rd

Image Enhancement of Chest X-Ray Quality Using Nonlinear and...

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3rd International Conference on Signal and Data Processing, ICSDP 2023

作者： Bhargava, Ritu Singh, Surbhi Bhargava, Neeraj Rathore, Pramod Singh Panwar, Avinash Department of Computer Science Sophia Girls’ College (Autonomous) Ajmer India MDS University Ajmer India Professor School of Engineering and System Sciences MDS University Ajmer India Department of Computer and Communication Engineering Manipal University Jaipur Jaipur India Mohanlal Sukhadia University Udaipur India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819795772

This paper primarily deals with spatial domain filtering methods as a means of enhancing image quality. Images often suffer from various types of noise, such as Gaussian noise, speckle noise, and salt-and-pepper noise, which can obscure vital information within the image. To mitigate these noise artefacts, this study seeks spatial domain techniques, encompassing both linear and nonlinear spatial filtering methods. Furthermore, the paper explores the practical application of convolutional neural networks to enhance the quality of chest X-ray images using spatial filtering techniques for noise reduction. The experimentation involves two distinct chest X-ray images, serving as the basis for all computational assessments. Ultimately, the outcomes of this investigation are illustrated through graphical representations, detailing the processing time elapsed for both chest X-ray images. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Chest X-ray images Computational assessments Convolutional neural networks Graphical representations Noise reduction Processing time Spatial filtering techniques

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Advancing Rainfall Seasonality Detection via Bias Correction and Spatial Disaggregation (BCSD) with CHIRPS-v2 for Climate Modeling in Bangladesh

Advancing Rainfall Seasonality Detection via Bias Correction...

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International Conference on Electrical, computer and Communication engineering (ECCE)

作者： Sara Karim Takia Sultana Nova Sohana Tasneem Department of Space System Engineering Bangladesh Aviation and Aerospace University Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering International Islamic University Chittagong Chattogram Bangladesh

ISBN: (数字)9798350357509

ISBN: (纸本)9798350357516

Bangladesh’s unique geographic location, situated at the junction of major rivers, Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna basin and bordered by the Bay of Bengal, makes it highly susceptible to heavy seasonal rainfall, often leading to widespread flooding, crop damage, and disruptions to livelihoods. Accurate rainfall monitoring is essential to manage these challenges, but the country’s rain gauge networks are deteriorating, making real-time rainfall estimation difficult. In recent years, real-time Satellite Precipitation Products (SPPs) have become more widely available, offering an alternative to traditional gauge data for forecasting stream flows and managing water resources. However, SPPs often contain biases that need correction before they can be used in hydrological applications such as flood prediction or seasonal forecasting. Our study applied Bias Correction and Spatial Disaggregation (BCSD) approach to improve daily rainfall estimates from the CHIRPS-v2 satellite data. To further refine predictions, a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model was integrated with the BCSD outputs, leveraging its ability to capture temporal dependencies and improve seasonality detection. Comparative analysis of machine learning models, including Random Forest and Gradient Boosting, demonstrated the superior performance of LSTM, achieving an accuracy of 81%. The results showed that bias correction and machine learning integration significantly enhanced the accuracy of seasonal and annual rainfall patterns. This approach not only improves real-time rainfall data accuracy but also supports effective water resource management and disaster preparedness. Our findings suggest the BCSD-LSTM method could be applied in regions with similar climate variability to improve rainfall prediction and climate resilience.

关键词： Rain Accuracy Satellites Predictive models Real-time systems Floods Long short term memory Water resources Random forests Meteorology

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Toward Reliable Nanosatellite Missions: A Novel Graph Neural Network Framework for Fault and Anomaly Detection via Single Event Effect

Toward Reliable Nanosatellite Missions: A Novel Graph Neural...

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International Conference on Electrical, computer and Communication engineering (ECCE)

ISBN: (数字)9798350357509

ISBN: (纸本)9798350357516

As nanosatellites play a critical role in scientific research, Earth observation, and communication, their vulnerability to space radiation is a substantial risk. Specifically Single Event Effect, caused by high-energy particles, can lead to data corruption, hardware malfunctions, and potentially mission-critical failures. Traditional SEE mitigation techniques such as radiation-hardened electronics and redundancy systems, although effective, are often infeasible for nanosatellites due to limitations in size, weight, and cost. Our proposed GNNsee algorithm addresses this gap by leveraging the power of GNNs to model complex interactions between nanosatellite subsystems, enabling real-time detection and prediction of SEE-induced faults and anomalies. Unlike conventional machine learning models that struggle to capture the interconnected nature of nanosatellite components, GNNs inherently represent these relationships, allowing for more accurate prediction of potential failures. Our approach integrates a fault detection mechanism and an anomaly detection system, which monitor the behavior of subsystems to proactively identify and respond to *** extensive testing, GNNsee achieved a prediction accuracy of 75%, demonstrating its effectiveness in mitigating SEE-related disruptions in space environments. This research contributes a scalable and cost-effective framework to improve nanosatellite resilience, reduce mission risks, and extend satellite lifespans. By advancing the predictive capabilities for SEEs, GNNsee sets a new standard in ensuring data integrity and operational reliability for nanosatellites operating in harsh space conditions.

关键词： Adaptation models Accuracy Data integrity Computational modeling Small satellites Predictive models Prediction algorithms Graph neural networks Real-time systems Anomaly detection

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Optimization of the Downlink Spectral- and Energy- Efficiency of RIS-Aided Multi-User URLLC MIMO systems

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IEEE Transactions on Communications 2025年第5期73卷 3497-3513页

作者： Soleymani, Mohammad Santamaria, Ignacio Jorswieck, Eduard A. Schober, Robert Hanzo, Lajos Universität Paderborn Signal and System Theory Group Paderborn33098 Germany Universidad de Cantabria Department of Communications Engineering Santander39005 Spain Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute for Communications Technology Braunschweig38106 Germany Institute for Digital Communications Erlangen91058 Germany University of Southampton Department of Electronics and Computer Science SouthamptonSO17 1BJ United Kingdom

Modern wireless communication systems are expected to provide improved latency and reliability. To meet these expectations, a short packet length is needed, which makes the first-order Shannon rate an inaccurate performance metric for such communication systems. A more accurate approximation of the achievable rates of finite-block-length (FBL) coding regimes is known as the normal approximation (NA). It is therefore of substantial interest to study the optimization of the FBL rate in multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, in which each user may transmit and/or receive multiple data streams. Hence, we formulate a general optimization problem for improving the spectral and energy efficiency of multi-user MIMO-aided ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) systems, which are assisted by reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs). We show that an RIS is capable of substantially improving the performance of multi-user MIMO-aided URLLC systems. Moreover, the benefits of RIS increase as the packet length and/or the tolerable bit error rate are reduced. This reveals that RISs can be even more beneficial in URLLC systems for improving the FBL rates than in conventional systems approaching Shannon rates. © 1972-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Spectrum efficiency

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Smart Safety system for Driver and Passenger Protection

Smart Safety System for Driver and Passenger Protection

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Data science, Agents & Artificial Intelligence (ICDSAAI), International Conference on

作者： Sudharsan S Rajesh S Selvam N Sangeeth Raj P S Babu Prasad R Duraimurugan A Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering M. Kumarasamy College of Engineering Karur Department of Computer Science and Business System M. Kumarasamy College of Engineering Karur

ISBN: (数字)9798331537555

ISBN: (纸本)9798331537562

The Smart Safety system is designed to enhance road safety by monitoring both the driver and passenger activities and ensuring proactive measures are taken to prevent accidents. The system leverages sensors and real-time data monitoring to ensure driver sobriety and attentiveness while also alerting the driver about potential passenger hazards. The system primarily focuses on two areas: driver safety and passenger detection. On the driver’s side, an alcohol sensor detects any sign of intoxication, and an eye-blink sensor monitors the driver’s focus, especially if distracted by using a phone. If intoxication is detected, the vehicle is automatically disabled through the motor control system, and an alert is triggered via an alarm and notification sent to a web-based platform. If the driver is distracted or drowsy, a warning alarm is activated. On the passenger side, an IR sensor and an ultrasonic sensor detect whether passengers are improperly standing or not seated, and a notification is displayed to the driver. The system integrates an Arduino Uno with several sensors, including alcohol, eye-blink, IR, and ultrasonic sensors. The collected data is transmitted wirelessly through a Wi-Fi module to a cloud platform, such as ThingSpeak, and then displayed on a website built with Java, HTML, and JavaScript. The website provides a login interface to enroll driver information and monitor alcohol sensor readings. In case of driver intoxication, the system triggers the suspension of the vehicle by turning off the motor. This smart safety system provides an efficient, real-time mechanism for preventing road accidents by monitoring driver behavior and ensuring passenger safety.

关键词： Cloud computing Motors Sensor systems Real-time systems Road safety Safety Protection Monitoring Intelligent sensors Vehicles

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Unlocking the potential of RNN and CNN models for accurate rehabilitation exercise classification on multi-datasets

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第3期84卷 1261-1301页

作者： Zaher, Moamen Ghoneim, Amr S. Abdelhamid, Laila Atia, Ayman Software Engineering Program Faculty of Computers & Artificial Intelligence—Helwan University Cairo Ain Helwan11795 Egypt Computer Science Department Faculty of Computers & Artificial Intelligence—Helwan University Cairo Ain Helwan11795 Egypt Information System Department Faculty of Computers & Artificial Intelligence—Helwan University Cairo Ain Helwan11795 Egypt Cairo Ain Helwan11795 Egypt Giza October12451 Egypt

Physical rehabilitation is crucial in healthcare, facilitating recovery from injuries or illnesses and improving overall health. However, a notable global challenge stems from the shortage of professional physiotherapists, particularly acute in some developing countries, where the ratio can be as low as one physiotherapist per 100,000 individuals. To address these challenges and elevate patient care, the field of physical rehabilitation is progressively integrating computer Vision and Human Activity Recognition (HAR) techniques. Numerous research efforts aim to explore methodologies that assist in rehabilitation exercises and evaluate patient movements, which is crucial as incorrect exercises can potentially worsen conditions. This study investigates applying various deep-learning models for classifying exercises using the benchmark KIMORE and UI-PRMD datasets. Employing Bi-LSTM, LSTM, CNN, and CNN-LSTM, alongside a Random Search for architectural design and Hyper-parameter tuning, our investigation reveals the (CNN) model as the top performer. After applying cross-validation, the technique achieves remarkable mean testing accuracy rates of 93.08% on the KIMORE dataset and 99.7% on the UI-PRMD dataset. This marks a slight improvement of 0.75% and 0.1%, respectively, compared to previous techniques. In addition, expanding beyond exercise classification, this study explores the KIMORE dataset’s utility for disease identification, where the (CNN) model consistently demonstrates an outstanding accuracy of 89.87%, indicating its promising role in both exercises and disease identification within the context of physical rehabilitation. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Classification (of information)

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A Framework for Deepfake Detection using Convolutional Neural Network and Deep Features

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Procedia computer science 2025年 258卷 3640-3648页

作者： Soundarya B C Gururaj H L Naveen Kumar C M Department of Information Technology Manipal Institute of Technology Bengaluru Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal India Department of Computer Science and Business System Malnad College of Engineering Hassan India

With the advancement of Artificial Intelligence, facial recognition has become a crucial biometric feature. Deepfake technology leverages AI and can create hyper-realistic digitally manipulated videos of people appearing to say or do things that never occurred. The emergence of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) has further enabled the creation of fake visual content with astonishing realism. This technology has diverse applications, such as in the film industry, where it allows for video recreation without reshooting, creating awareness videos, restoring the voices of those who have lost them, and updating movie scenes at low cost. However, this rapid advancement also presents significant challenges. The proliferation of synthetic images raises severe concerns about their societal impact, particularly in terms of potential misuse for harassment and blackmail. Therefore, developing robust deepfake detection models is imperative. This study evaluates the performance of a proposed ResNet34 model in deepfake detection. We utilize the FaceForensics++ dataset to train and assess the model, incorporating images generated by four popular deepfake techniques. Our experimental results demonstrate that integrating linear ternary patterns (LTP) and edge detection-based features with the modified ResNet34 model achieves superior performance, attaining 97.5% accuracy and surpassing other approaches.

关键词： Deepfake Artificial intelligence Deep learning

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Prior Knowledge-Driven Hybrid Prompter Learning for RGB-Event Tracking

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and systems for Video Technology 2025年

作者： Wang, Mianzhao Shi, Fan Cheng, Xu Chen, Shengyong Tianjin University of Technology Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System School of Computer Science and Engineering Tianjin300384 China Technical University of Denmark Department of Technology Management and Economics Kongens Lyngby Denmark

Event data can asynchronously capture variations in light intensity, thereby implicitly providing valuable complementary cues for RGB-Event tracking. Existing methods typically employ a direct interaction mechanism to fuse RGB and event data. However, due to differences in imaging mechanisms, the representational disparity between these two data types is not fixed, which can lead to tracking failures in certain challenging scenarios. To address this issue, we propose a novel prior knowledge-driven hybrid prompter learning framework for RGB-Event tracking. Specifically, we develop a frame-event hybrid prompter that leverages prior tracking knowledge from the foundation model as intermediate modal support to mitigate the heterogeneity between RGB and event data. By leveraging its rich prior tracking knowledge, the intermediate modal reduces the gap between the dense RGB and sparse event data interactions, effectively guiding complementary learning between modalities. Meanwhile, to mitigate the internal learning disparities between the lightweight hybrid prompter and the deep transformer model, we introduce a pseudo-prompt learning strategy that lies between full fine-tuning and partial fine-tuning. This strategy adopts a divide-and-conquer approach to assign different learning rates to modules with distinct functions, effectively reducing the dominant influence of RGB information in complex scenarios. Extensive experiments conducted on two public RGB-Event tracking datasets show that the proposed HPL outperforms state-of-the-art tracking methods, achieving exceptional performance. © 1991-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Object detection

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