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Long-fiber Sagnac interferometers for twin-field quantum key distribution networks

Physical Review Applied 2025年第3期23卷 034040-034040页

作者： Reem Mandil Li Qian Hoi-Kwong Lo Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control Department of Physics University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 1A7 Canada Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3G4 Canada Quantum Bridge Technologies Inc. 100 College Street Toronto Ontario M5G 1L5 Canada

A Sagnac-loop structure can help overcome the major difficulty in the practical implementation of a twin-field quantum key distribution (TFQKD) network, namely, the need to stabilize the phase of a quantum state over many kilometers of fiber. Unfortunately, Rayleigh backscattering noise limits the signal-to-noise ratio for Sagnac systems containing long fibers and lossy photonic devices. Here, we solve this problem by sending optical pulses in long on-off bursts and using time postselection on measurements taken with free-run single-photon avalanche detectors. We also investigate the impact of the residual phase noise uncompensated by the Sagnac structure and find that the variance of the phase noise scales as loop length to the third power, verifying an existing calculation in the literature. We measure the interference visibility in Sagnac loops of varying length without active phase stabilization and achieve >97% visibility in 200-km ultralow-loss fiber, which is, to our knowledge, the longest fiber Sagnac interferometer demonstrated. Our results suggest that a Sagnac system is feasible for long-distance TFQKD networks, a key step towards the practical implementation of metropolitan quantum networks.

关键词： Interferometers

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A General Black-box Adversarial Attack on Graph-based Fake News Detectors

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhu, Peican Pan, Zechen Liu, Yang Tian, Jiwei Tang, Keke Wang, Zhen School of Artificial Intelligence Optics and Electronics Northwestern Polytechnical University China School of Computer Science Northwestern Polytechnical University China Air Traffic Control and Navigation College Air Force Engineering University China Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology Guangzhou University China

Graph Neural Network (GNN)-based fake news detectors apply various methods to construct graphs, aiming to learn distinctive news embeddings for classification. Since the construction details are unknown for attackers in a black-box scenario, it is unrealistic to conduct the classical adversarial attacks that require a specific adjacency matrix. In this paper, we propose the first general black-box adversarial attack framework, i.e., General Attack via Fake Social Interaction (GAFSI), against detectors based on different graph structures. Specifically, as sharing is an important social interaction for GNN-based fake news detectors to construct the graph, we simulate sharing behaviors to fool the detectors. Firstly, we propose a fraudster selection module to select engaged users leveraging local and global information. In addition, a post injection module guides the selected users to create shared relations by sending posts. The sharing records will be added to the social context, leading to a general attack against different detectors. Experimental results on empirical datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of GAFSI. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Graphic methods

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Risk-Averse Certification of Bayesian Neural Networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhang, Xiyue Wang, Zifan Gao, Yulong Romao, Licio Abate, Alessandro Kwiatkowska, Marta Department of Computer Science University of Oxford United Kingdom Division of Decision and Control Systems KTH Royal Institute of Technology Sweden Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College London United Kingdom Department of Wind and Energy Systems Technical University of Denmark Denmark

In light of the inherently complex and dynamic nature of real-world environments, incorporating risk measures is crucial for the robustness evaluation of deep learning models. In this work, we propose a Risk-Averse Certification framework for Bayesian neural networks called RAC-BNN. Our method leverages sampling and optimisation to compute a sound approximation of the output set of a BNN, represented using a set of template polytopes. To enhance robustness evaluation, we integrate a coherent distortion risk measure—Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR)—into the certification framework, providing probabilistic guarantees based on empirical distributions obtained through sampling. We validate RAC-BNN on a range of regression and classification benchmarks and compare its performance with a state-of-the-art method. The results show that RAC-BNN effectively quantifies robustness under worst-performing risky scenarios, and achieves tighter certified bounds and higher efficiency in complex tasks. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Risk assessment

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Attention Mechanism and Detection Box Information Based Real-time Multi-Object Vehicle Detection

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Journal of Computing and Information Technology 2022年第4期30卷 239-256页

作者： Wu, Hao Wu, Wei Sun, Xiaoyan Zhong, Jin Cao, Fengyun School of Computer Science and Technology Hefei Normal University Hefei China School of Information and Control Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou China Universities Joint Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Detection Science and Technology in Anhui Province Hefei China Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Science of Anhui Province on Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intelligence Intervention Hefei China School of Economics and Trade Anhui Business and Technology College Hefei China

Ensuring both the accuracy of vehicle target detection and meeting real-time requirements is crucial in traffic videos. The YOLOv5s target detection frame-work, known for its accuracy and efficiency, has at-tracted attention in academic circles. However, there are still some features that can be optimized. First of all, the detection subnet of the YOLOv5s framework cannot smoothly convert complex feature maps into relatively sparse target prediction boxes. To solve this, we integrate a self-attention-based gating mechanism into the detection subnet, forming the YOLOv5s-SAG network. Secondly, the loss function of CIoU used by YOLOv5s pays insufficient attention to the overlap-ping area of the detection frame, which can be used as metric for measuring target detection effectiveness. We add the loss term of area ratio to CIoU to further improve the modeling ability. Finally, the current multi-class Non-Maximum Suppression algorithm can cause high overlap of multi-class detection frames. To improve it, we propose a multi-class CS-NMS algorithm based on category suppression. Experimental results show an approximately 8% improvement in the mAP50 index on the UA-DETRAC dataset compared with YOLOv5s. The proposed algorithm also achieves better detection results compared to mainstream target detection algorithms and meets the real-time requirements of traffic video analysis. © 2022, University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical engineering and Computing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Object detection

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Time-controlled regular language search over encrypted big data 9

Time-controlled regular language search over encrypted big d...

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9th IEEE Joint International Information Technology and Artificial Intelligence Conference, ITAIC 2020

作者： Yang, Yang Lu, Kexin Cheng, Hongju Fu, Mingjian Li, Zuoyong Fuzhou University College of Mathematics and Computer Sciences Fujian China Minjiang University College of Computerand Control Engineering Fujian China

The rapid development of cloud computing and the arrival of the big data era make the relationship between users and cloud closer. Cloud computing has powerful data computing and data storage capabilities, which can ubiquitously provide users with resources. However, users do not fully trust the cloud server's storage services, so lots of data is encrypted and uploaded to the cloud. Searchable encryption can protect the confidentiality of data and provide encrypted data retrieval functions. In this paper, we propose a time-controlled searchable encryption scheme with regular language over encrypted big data, which provides flexible search pattern and convenient data sharing. Our solution allows users with data's secret keys to generate trapdoors by themselves. And users without data's secret keys can generate trapdoors with the help of a trusted third party without revealing the data owner's secret key. Our system uses a time-controlled mechanism to collect keywords queried by users and ensures that the querying user's identity is not directly exposed. The obtained keywords are the basis for subsequent big data analysis. We conducted a security analysis of the proposed scheme and proved that the scheme is secure. The simulation experiment and comparison of our scheme show that the system has feasible efficiency. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Big data

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Spatio-Temporal Context Modeling for Road Obstacle Detection 1

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4th International Conference on Machine Learning for Cyber Security, ML4CS 2022

作者： Wu, Xiuen Wang, Tao Liang, Lingyu Li, Zuoyong Ching, Fum Yew College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University Fuzhou350108 China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Processing and Intelligent Control Minjiang University Fuzhou350108 China The Key Laboratory of Cognitive Computing and Intelligent Information Processing of Fujian Education Institutions Wuyi University Wuyishan354300 China School of Electronic and Information Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou510641 China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration Southeast University Nanjing211189 China Guangzhou510320 China Penang11800 Malaysia

ISBN: (数字)9783031200960

ISBN: (纸本)9783031200953

Road obstacle detection is an important problem for vehicle driving safety. In this paper, we aim to obtain robust road obstacle detection based on spatio-temporal context modeling. Firstly, a data-driven spatial context model of the driving scene is constructed with the layouts of the training data. Then, obstacles in the input image are detected via the state-of-the-art object detection algorithms, and the results are combined with the generated scene layout. In addition, to further improve the performance and robustness, temporal information in the image sequence is taken into consideration, and the optical flow is obtained in the vicinity of the detected objects to track the obstacles across neighboring frames. Qualitative and quantitative experiments were conducted on the Small Obstacle Detection (SOD) dataset and the Lost and Found dataset. The results indicate that our method with spatio-temporal context modeling is superior to existing methods for road obstacle detection. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Object detection

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MULTIMODAL TRANSFORMER NETWORKS WITH LATENT INTERACTION FOR AUDIO-VISUAL EVENT LOCALIZATION

MULTIMODAL TRANSFORMER NETWORKS WITH LATENT INTERACTION FOR ...

引用

2021 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, ICME 2021

作者： He, Yixuan Xu, Xing Liu, Xin Ou, Weihua Lu, Huimin Center for Future Media School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China China Glasgow College University of Electronic Science and Technology of China China Department of Computer Science Huaqiao University China School of Big Data and Computer Science Guizhou Normal University China Department of Mechanical and Control Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665438643

The task of audio-visual event localization (AVEL) aims to localize a visible and audible event in a video. Previous methods first divide a video into segments and then fuse visual and acoustic features at the segment level via a co-attention mechanism. However, existing methods mostly model relations between individual visual and audio segments in a limitedly short period, which may not cover a longer video duration for better high-level event information modeling. In this paper, we proposed a novel model termed Multimodal Transformer Network with Latent Interaction (MTNLI) to tackle this problem. The proposed MTNLI model employs a multimodal Transformer structure to learn the cross-modality relationships between latent visual and audio summarizations in long segment sequences, which summarize the visual and audio segments into a small number of latent representations to avoid modeling uninformative individual visual-audio relations. The cross-modality information between the latent summarizations is propagated to fuse valuable information from both modalities, which can effectively handle large temporal inconsistent between vision and audio. Our MTNLI method achieves state-of-the-art performance on the benchmark AVE (Audio-Visual Event) dataset for the event localization task. © 2021 IEEE

关键词： Benchmarking

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SSDL: SELF-SUPERVISED DICTIONARY LEARNING

SSDL: SELF-SUPERVISED DICTIONARY LEARNING

引用

2021 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, ICME 2021

作者： Shao, Shuai Xing, Lei Yu, Wei Xu, Rui Wang, Yan-Jiang Liu, Bao-Di College of Control Science and Engineering China University of Petroleum East China 266580 China College of Oceanography and Space Informatics China University of Petroleum East China 266580 China School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology 264200 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665438643

The label-embedded dictionary learning (DL) algorithms generate influential dictionaries by introducing discriminative information. However, there exists a limitation: All the label-embedded DL methods rely on the labels due that this way merely achieves ideal performances in supervised learning. While in semi-supervised and unsupervised learning, it is no longer sufficient to be effective. Inspired by the concept of self-supervised learning (e.g., setting the pretext task to generate a universal model for the downstream task), we propose a Self-Supervised Dictionary Learning (SSDL) framework to address this challenge. Specifically, we first design a p-Laplacian Attention Hypergraph Learning (pAHL) block as the pretext task to generate pseudo soft labels for DL. Then, we adopt the pseudo labels to train a dictionary from a primary label-embedded DL method. We evaluate our SSDL on two human activity recognition datasets. The comparison results with other state-of-the-art methods have demonstrated the efficiency of SSDL. © 2021 IEEE computer Society. All rights reserved.

关键词： Supervised learning

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A Multi-Player Potential Game Approach for Sensor Network Localization with Noisy Measurements

A Multi-Player Potential Game Approach for Sensor Network Lo...

引用

IEEE Conference on Decision and control

作者： Gehui Xu Guanpu Chen Baris Fidan Yiguang Hong Hongsheng Qi Thomas Parisini Karl H. Johansson Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College London London UK Division of Decision and Control Systems School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo ON Canada Department of Control Science and Engineering Tongji University shanghai China Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Shanghai China Key Laboratory of Systems and Control Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Beijing China School of Mathematical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Denmark Department of Engineering and Architecture University of Trieste Italy

ISBN: (数字)9798350316339

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316346

Sensor network localization (SNL) is a challenging problem due to its inherent non-convexity and the effects of noise in inter-node ranging measurements and anchor node position. We formulate a non-convex SNL problem as a multiplayer non-convex potential game and investigate the existence and uniqueness of a Nash equilibrium (NE) in both the ideal setting without measurement noise and the practical setting with measurement noise. We first show that the NE exists and is unique in the noiseless case, and corresponds to the precise network localization. Then, we study the SNL for the case with errors affecting the anchor node position and the inter-node distance measurements. Specifically, we establish that in case these errors are sufficiently small, the NE exists and is unique. It is shown that the NE is an approximate solution to the SNL problem, and that the position errors can be quantified accordingly. Based on these findings, we apply the results to case studies involving only inter-node distance measurement errors and only anchor position information inaccuracies.

关键词： Location awareness Noise Games Position measurement Nash equilibrium Distance measurement Noise measurement

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Community structure detection algorithm based on link prediction

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International Journal of Information and Communication Technology 2021年第4期19卷 432-448页

作者： Dai, Gang Wang, Quanxin Xu, Baomin Sun, Lijun School of Computer and Information Technology Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing China China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay No. 355 Anding Road Karamay District Xinjiang Karamay City China School of Computer Science Beijing Jiaotong University Haibin College Huanghua China Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing and Control Ministry of Education Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China College of Information Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China

Community structure identification has received a great effort among computer scientists who are focusing on the properties of complex networks. The label propagation algorithm is a near linear time algorithm to find a good community structure. Despite various subsequent advances, an important issue of this algorithm is the efficiency and accuracy of the identified community structure. In this paper, we propose a novel community detection algorithm by using link prediction algorithm based on label propagation. The method is the first to introduce the idea of link prediction into community detection. The experimental results show that the proposed method is less resolution limited than modularity optimising methods, and it can be more effective in detecting communities. Copyright © 2021 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Complex networks

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