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A deep learning framework for automatic assessment of presence in virtual reality using multimodal behavioral cues

Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第8期37卷 6283-6303页

作者： Pannattee, Peerawat Shimada, Shogo Yem, Vibol Nishiuchi, Nobuyuki Graduate School of Systems Design Tokyo Metropolitan University Tokyo191-0065 Japan Graduate School of Science and Technology Degree Program in Systems and Information Engineering University of Tsukuba Ibaraki3058573 Japan

Effective development of virtual reality (VR) applications is heavily reliant on the evaluation of user experience (UX). However, traditional methods such as questionnaires have inherent limitations which hinder their ability to capture nuanced behavioral responses and impede the agility of VR content creation: They are time-consuming, burdensome for users, and require significant human effort for interpretation. This study introduces an automated framework aimed at addressing the limitations of questionnaire-based evaluations to assess UX in VR. Our primary focus is to validate the concept of this framework through assessment of the sense of presence (SOP), a crucial psychological perception with significant impact on VR UX. Our proposed framework utilizes a deep neural network (DNN) to analyze patterns in multimodal behavioral cues, including facial expressions, head movements, and hand movements, to predict scores from the Igroup Presence Questionnaire (IPQ). Additionally, we introduce two statistical profiles: the Visual Entropy Profile (VEP), which offers insights into visual complexity by depicting scene entropy, and the Experiential Presence Profile (EPP), which is designed to capture users’ historical SOP levels to enable personalized baseline and sensitivity estimation. The proposed framework achieves a significant correlation between actual and predicted IPQ scores, with a Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient of 0.7303, showcasing the potential of DNNs in analyzing complex behavioral signals and automating SOP assessment. This study represents a pioneering effort in leveraging DNNs for the automatic assessment of SOP and paves the way for future advances in automatically assessing VR UX and unlocking new opportunities in the field. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Virtual environments

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A Design Study on Integrated Complex Coefficient Filters with Peripheral Circuits for Accurate Frequency Response Measurement

IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems

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IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, information and systems 2025年第1期145卷 16-24页

作者： Shouno, Kazuhiro Sato, Lina Fukagawa, Kanta Tanimoto, Hiroshi Muto, Cosy Division of Information Engineering University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennoudai Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8573 Japan Graduate School of Science and Technology Degree Programs in Systems and Information Engineering Master’s Program in Computer Science University of Tsukuba Japan Kitami Institute of Technology 165 Koen-cho Hokkaido Kitami090-8507 Japan Faculty of Education Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki852-8521 Japan

This paper proposes a measurement technique for an integrated complex filter. The proposed method is based on two measurement methods with integrated circuitry for calibration. It is accomplished by applying square waves to an FUT (Filter Under Test) instead of sinusoidal waves or by superposing transfer characteristics obtained by applying a single sinusoidal wave to an FUT. In both of the above methods, the output signal connected to the external measurement equipment via a 50 Ω coaxial cable and so on. In this case, the output signal of the FUT should be amplified by internal or external amplifiers, which degrades the response. However, it is cancelled out by the proposed calibration circuitry with some analog switches. In addition to the above, for the RC polyphase filter, the source resistance and the load capacitance degrade the measurement results and their effect is discussed. The validity of the proposal is confirmed through computer simulation for a third-order RCPF whose passband is 8–40 MHz fabricated by Phenitec 0.6 µm CMOS process. It is shown that the measurement error is −1.10 dB for the square-wave method and −1.00 dB and −0.43 degrees for the superposition method at 40 MHz. © 2025 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

关键词： Capacitance

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Mental Status Identification for Infertile Patients Using Artificial Intelligence Models 14th

Mental Status Identification for Infertile Patients Using Ar...

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14th International Conference on Frontier Computing, FC 2024

作者： Hsu, Hao-Siang Wang, Jong-Yi Chiou, Hai-Chi Wu, Fu-Hsing Lin, Chuen-Horng Chan, Yung‑Kuan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taichung University of Science and Technology Taichung404336 Taiwan Department of Health Services Administration China Medical University Taichung406040 Taiwan Bachelor Degree Program of Artificial Intelligence National Taichung University of Science and Technology Taichung404336 Taiwan Department of Management Information Systems National Chung-Hsing University Taichung402202 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9789819623945

Infertile patients may be a high-risk group of mental disorder. The precise identification of the mental status of infertile patients can provide decision support to healthcare professionals and may be helpful in providing preventive measures accordingly. Rare studies focused on the mental status identification using artificial intelligence (AI) models for infertile people. This study aimed to precisely identify the mental status (anxiety and depression) of infertile patients using three AI models, the XGBoost, decision tree, and stacking models. The dataset, retrieved from a structured questionnaire survey in 2011, which included 400 infertility outpatients seeking reproductive treatments at three teaching hospitals in Taiwan was adopted for training and testing AI models. Aforementioned AI models were designed and reached identification performances of accuracy, precision, recall and area under ROC curve (AUC) equaling 0.75–0.82, 0.70–0.80, 0.64–0.72, and 0.64–0.72, respectively. The XGBoost model (accuracy = 0.82, precision = 0.80, recall = 0.72, and AUC = 0.72) outperformed or equaled the decision tree and stacking models in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and AUC values. Designed AI models for mental status identification can be integrated into the clinical decision support system (CDSS) to provide the anxiety and depression group automatically. Accordingly, the worsening of infertility-related anxiety and depression can be prevented. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： artificial intelligence infertile patients Mental status identification stacking model XGBoost

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Implementation and Evaluation of 0.6 µm CMOS Complex RCPF for Accurate Frequency Response Measurement

IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems

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IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, information and systems 2025年第1期145卷 25-37页

作者： Sato, Lina Fukagawa, Kanta Shouno, Kazuhiro Tanimoto, Hiroshi Muto, Cosy Moriyama, Seijiro Takahashi, Chikau Yoshino, Michitaka Graduate School of Science and Technology Degree Programs in Systems and Information Engineering Master’s Program in Computer Science University of Tsukuba Japan Division of Information Engineering University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennoudai Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8573 Japan Kitami Institute of Technology 165 Koen-cho Hokkaido Kitami090-8507 Japan Faculty of Education Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki852-8521 Japan Anagix Corporation 3-22-27 Numama Kanagawa Zushi249-0004 Japan Takamori Corporation Japan Research Center for Micro-Nano Technology Hosei University 3-11-15 Midori-cho Koganei Tokyo184-0003 Japan

This paper describes the implementation and evaluation of an RC polyphase filter (RCPF) and circuitry for measuring its frequency characteristics. The integrated circuit is fabricated on a 0.6 µm CMOS process and its supply voltage is 5 V. The integrated circuit includes a filter under test (FUT), a four-phase square wave generator, several analog switches and differential amplifiers to amplify the high-impedance signals of the RCPF. This FUT is a third-order complex RCPF whose passband is 8 − 40 MHz. This paper describes the design of these circuits in detail. This integrated circuit can select two measurement methods by means of external control signals. The first method uses a four-phase square wave. The frequency characteristics are measured by using an on-chip four-phase square wave generator driven by an external clock generator and by a spectrum analyzer tuned to the fundamental frequency. The second method uses an external network analyzer. Furthermore, this integrated circuit is equipped with a calibration circuit to measure the frequency characteristics of the circuitry except FUT by passing through the input / output signals of the FUT. As a result, the frequency characteristics of the FUT itself can be accurately measured. The effectiveness is confirmed through evaluation of the fabricated integrated circuit. © 2025 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

关键词： Differential amplifiers

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Interaction Modeling for High-Dimensional Mixed Data with Numerical and Categorical Features 28th

Interaction Modeling for High-Dimensional Mixed Data with Nu...

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28th International Conference on Knowledge Based and Intelligent information and engineering systems, KES 2024

作者： Hoshinoa, Sara Itoa, Taiki Matsuzawaa, Takuya Ozawaa, Haruki Arimab, Sumika Degree Program in Systems and Information Engineering University of Tsukuba Japan Institute of Systems and Information Engineering University of Tsukuba Japan

This study aimed to develop an interaction modeling method for high-dimensional industrial data with sparsity. Particularly, we discussed the potential and limitations of Sparse Factorization Machines (SFM) with feature selection capabilities after examining the applicability of Factorization Machines (FMs) to numerical and categorical mixed data like industrial data. FMs has been already a major recommendation engine outperforms SVM because of robustness to the sparse data. However, conventional FMs and SFM based on the L2 norm regularization tolerate huge False-Positives (FPs), which is fatal in the application to real data to which the oracle model is unknown. Therefore, in this study, we focus on the way to automatically reduce the several millions of FPs in interactions while keeping high True-Positives (TPs). For the purpose, SFM with trigonometric inequality (TI) upper boundaries (Atarashi et al., 2021) is improved by two directions. The first is the development of TI_SFM (L1) with an L1 norm for selection of main factors, particularly for FPs reduction of the main factors. The second is the application of adaptive technique for reducing FPs of interactions (combinatorial features). We newly developed "Adaptive SFM" with adaptive technique to introduce data-driven penalty of the interaction term. As the result of numerical evaluations using a mass production oracle interaction model and several simulation data, False-Positives of the main factors (F) and the interactions (F) are significantly reduced, while keeping high level of True-Positives of the main factor () and the interactions (). Concretely, our proposed Adaptive SFM (L1) outperforms the original TI_SFM (L2) as much reducing F and F by over 99% when applying our proposed penalty considering not only the relationship between the explanatory variable and the objective variable, as basic adaptive technique, but also the factor loading indicating the relationship between the latent vector internally opt

关键词： Factorization

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Image-Multimodal Data Analysis for Defect Classification: Case Study of Industrial Printing 15th

Image-Multimodal Data Analysis for Defect Classification: Ca...

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15th International KES Conference on Intelligent Decision Technologies, KESIDT 2023

作者： Itou, Hiroki Watanabe, Kyo Arima, Sumika Degree Program in Systems and Information Engineering University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan Institute of Systems and Information Engineering University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9789819929689

The final goal of this study is an integrated approach of walk-through from the classification of defect products to the feature estimation for preventing the cause of the defects in real-time or proactively. Particularly, this paper introduced the multimodal data analyses to classify the defect images of final products more accurate with inspection logs and factory process data in integrated manner. Particularly, this paper focused on the industrial printing case in which the tiny and faint defects are difficult to be classified accurately. Motivation of this study is to clarify the possibility of image-wise classification instead of pixel-wise semantic segmentation of high annotation cost as well as low accuracy in partial of the similar shape classes in our previous study. It was introduced and numerically evaluated that various data augmentation as pre-process for imbalanced and small samples issue, image-multimodal data analyses with inspection log and/or the factory data, and ensemble of the multimodal and non-multimodal networks. As the result, the maximum accuracy of multimodal analyses is 79.37% of the model with test log and process data with 10 times augmented data. In addition, a confidence-based ensemble model with conditional branch results more accurate, 81.22% in summary of all classes. It is better than segmentation approach of pixel-wise in the previous study. Moreover, importance of additional variables is visualized as cause after multimodal analysis as aimed. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Classification (of information)

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Image-Multimodal Data Analysis for Defect Classification: Case Study of Semiconductor Defect Patterns 15th

Image-Multimodal Data Analysis for Defect Classification: Ca...

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15th International KES Conference on Intelligent Decision Technologies, KESIDT 2023

作者： Takada, Daisuke Itou, Hiroki Ohta, Ryo Maeda, Takumi Watanabe, Kyo Arima, Sumika Degree Program in Systems and Information Engineering University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan Institute of Systems and Information Engineering University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9789819929689

The final goal of this study is an integrated approach of walk-through from the classification of defect products to the feature estimation for preventing the cause of the defects in real-time or proactively. Particularly, this paper will introduce the multimodal data analytics in production process integrations to analyze the classification of defect patterns of final product quality and the defect cause impact in integrated manner. There are three steps to summarize the possibilities and limitations of the multimodal data analyses. The first step is the accuracy improvement of the classification of the multi-class defect patterns of images at lower cost by using additional feature/data substituting human-being domain knowledge. That is also to prepare more accurate and effective classifications of superposition pattern of small samples data. The second step is adaptive selections and estimations of important features including interactions and variety within a practical computational time and accuracy. The third step is an integrated approach of walk-through from the classification to the feature estimation for proactively preventing the causes of the defect. As the first report, this paper introduces the first and the third issues through a case study. Particularly, this paper presents the semiconductor defect patterns case. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Classification (of information)

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Toward Parallelization Technique for Stream-based Lossless Data Compression

Toward Parallelization Technique for Stream-based Lossless D...

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2023 IEEE International Conference on Big Data, BigData 2023

作者： Kato, Taiki Yamagiwa, Shinichi Wada, Koichi Master's Program in Computer Science Degree Program in Systems and Information Engineering University of Tsukuba Ibalaki Tsukuba Japan University of Tsukuba Faculty of Engineering Information and Systems Ibalaki Tsukuba Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350324457

IoT edge platform has become popular in various distributed environments. The edge devices need to communicate BigData among them or with the cloud servers by collaborating with AI technologies for finding events from the applications. Those devices exchange data streams from such as distributed sensors and remote image/video devices. We focus on an acceleration technique for the communication performance using a stream-based lossless data compression technology. This paper proposes a parallelization technique for the compression process in a software environment running on a multicore processor. The technique invokes concurrent compression processes assigned to multiple threads with splitting a data stream to chunks. The paper exposes three scheduling methods for assigning the chunks to the threads: in-order, hybrid and out-of-order. As an original data order of chunks must be obtained in decompression side, the proposed technique introduces packeting mechanisms in each chunk by adding headers to support the scheduling methods. Through experimental performance evaluations, we discuss the packeting overhead focusing on compression ratio and speedup by the parallelization with three scheduling methods. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Data Stream IoT Lossless Data Compression Multi-Threading Parallelization

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Performance Enhancement of Stream-Based Decompression Process by Notifying Compression Buffer Size 28

Performance Enhancement of Stream-Based Decompression Proces...

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28th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications, ISCC 2023

作者： Kato, Taiki Yamagiwa, Shinichi Marumo, Koichi University of Tsukuba Master's Program in Computer Science Degree Program in Systems and Information Engineering Ibalaki Tsukuba Japan University of Tsukuba Faculty of Engineering Information and Systems Ibalaki Tsukuba Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350300482

This paper focuses on a performance enhancement of communication performance by compressing data stream. ASE coding is an effective lossless data compression method for data stream. The software implementation of the coding/decoding method inevitably meets a performance mismatch in memory and storage devices. In the compressor side, it is predictable to decide the size of an original data block and is available to process a flexible buffer memory. However, the decompressor is not able to predict the buffer size because the original data size is not obvious before the decompression. This causes a performance mismatch in the filesystem level. This paper proposes a novel method to address the performance mismatch by applying a notification mechanism of compression size from the compressor. This paper describes the mechanism focusing on the system call usage. Through experimental evaluations, we show the performance improvement of the decompression performance for handling data stream. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Virtual storage

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EFFECTS OF REFRACTIVE INDEX AND ASPECT RATIO ON THE PARTICLE IMAGES IN A LEVITATED DROPLET

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Multiphase Science and Technology 2024年第1期36卷 13-26页

作者： Gatete, Eugene Kaneko, Akiko Shen, Biao University of Tsukuba Systems and Information Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Degree Program of Engineering Mechanics and Energy 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki305-8573 Japan University of Tsukuba Faculty of Engineering of Information Engineering and Systems 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki305-8573 Japan

A technique using droplets suspended by ultrasound has attracted attention as one of the containerless processing methods. While this can avoid contamination from the container, it is known that ultrasonic levitation creates flow fields inside and outside the droplet. For more precise droplet control, it is desirable to elucidate the internal flow of the droplet, and measurements of the internal flow have been performed using the particle image velocimetry (PIV). The aim of this study is to elucidate the internal flow field behavior by solving optical problems and improving the accuracy of velocity field measurements in levitated droplets. The fluid that is to be investigated is scattered with small tracer particles and illuminated by a laser to capture the flow on a created laser sheet. The curvature distortion is successfully visualized using the PIV approach toward distortion correction using calibration methods. The curvature distortion illustration was performed based on the refractive index and aspect ratio of the simulated droplet in acrylic materials. The fluid flow, affected by droplet curvature and refractive index, has been visualized for both levitated and simulated droplets. The experimental results showed that the droplet curvature can be distorted in two types such as radial and tangential distortions and increase as the refractive index and aspect ratio increases. © 2024 by Begell House, Inc.

关键词： Refractive index

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