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Enhancing Blood Platelet Counting through Deep Learning Models for advanced Diagnostics

SN computer science 2025年第1期6卷 1-10页

作者： Dev, Utkarsh Singh, Tripty Babu, Tina Mandal, Ashish Kumar Sharma, Mansi Mandal, Adhirath Department of Computer Science and Engineering Amrita School of Computing Amrita Viswa Vidyapeetham Karnataka Bengaluru 560035 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Alliance School of Advanced Computing Alliance University Karnataka Bengaluru 562106 India Amrita Hospital Faridabad India Graphic Era Deemed to be University Uttarakkand Dehradun India

Platelet counting is considered an essential factor for the diagnosis of blood clotting disorders as well as other illnesses as COVID-19 and Leukemia. Hemocytometer-based manual techniques are labor-intensive and prone to errors, especially in dynamic settings where platelet clumping develops over time. This work presents a novel method based on a collection of regression and object detection models- MobileNetv2, EfficientDetD0, and SSD MobileNet-that were trained on a large number of microscopic blood smear images. Multiple models have been trained and analysed to find out which models perform well for our dataset and problem. This study demonstrates how deep learning and object detection in blood platelet counting can revolutionize the field by increasing diagnostic precision and efficiency in healthcare systems. Out of all the models trained, we observed that EfficientDet D0 gave us the best performance, with a precision of 0.64, mAP of 0.96 and recall of 0.65. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Blood cells EfficientDet MobileNet Platelets SSD SSD MobileNet

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Extending LLMs to New Languages: A Case Study of Llama and Persian Adaptation 31

Extending LLMs to New Languages: A Case Study of Llama and P...

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31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING 2025

作者： Sani, Samin Mahdizadeh Sadeghi, Pouya Vu, Thuy-Trang Yaghoobzadeh, Yadollah Haffari, Gholamreza Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tehran Iran Tehran Institute for Advanced Studies Khatam University Iran Department of Data Science & AI Monash University Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761964

Large language models (LLMs) have made great progress in classification and text generation tasks. However, they are mainly trained on English data and often struggle with low-resource languages. In this study, we explore adding a new language, i.e., Persian, to Llama (a model with a limited understanding of Persian) using parameter-efficient fine-tuning. We employ a multi-stage approach involving pretraining on monolingual Persian data, aligning representations through bilingual pretraining and instruction datasets, and instruction-tuning with task-specific datasets. We evaluate the model's performance at each stage on generation and classification tasks. Our findings suggest that incorporating the Persian language, through bilingual data alignment, can enhance classification accuracy for Persian tasks, with no adverse impact and sometimes even improvements on English tasks. Additionally, the results highlight the model's initial strength as a critical factor when working with limited training data, with cross-lingual alignment offering minimal benefits for the low-resource language. Knowledge transfer from English to Persian has a marginal effect, primarily benefiting simple classification tasks. © 2025 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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Artificial Intelligence in Health Care Computing and Assessments in Oman: an Effectual Study 2

Artificial Intelligence in Health Care Computing and Assessm...

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2nd International Conference on Machine Learning and Autonomous Systems, ICMLAS 2025

作者： Wilfred Blessing, N.R. Gunasekaran, Hemalatha Hariharan, B. Jabri, Jaber Saleh Salim Al Kavitha, S.J. Sutherlin Subitha, G. College of Computing and Information Sciences University of Technology and Applied Sciences Ibri Oman SRM Institute of Science and Technology Department of Computational Intelligence Tamil Nadu Kattankulathur India Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chennai India Stella Mary's College of Engineering Department of Computer Science and Engineering Tamil Nadu Aruthenganvilai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331505745

Health care plays a vital responsibility in a human life span. World countries targets to provide better care for their citizens. Digital transformations and innovations in Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies helps in deep for the novel solutions to speed-up the decision making process in health management and patient consulting. AI branches including Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL), Neural Networks (NN), Natural Language Processing (NLP) and so forth can support innovations in heal care domain. This paper presents the comprehensive and noble review on recent existing tools and techniques and also recommends advanced techniques for health care industry that are to be used in Sultanate of Oman. Furthermore, overcoming AI challenges are resulted and presented through the study. This work mainly aimed to produce the multiple dimensions and challenges that helps to develop AI powered real-life applications in health care support system. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Nutrition

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Ultra-low power MoS2 optoelectronic synapse with wavelength sensitivity for color target recognition

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第4期68卷 187-196页

作者： Bo WEI Yabo CHEN Xiaotong HAN Yan KANG Bujia LIANG Cheng LI Xiaokuo YANG Liang FANG Yuanxi PENG Institute for Quantum Information & State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of ComputerNational University of Defense Technology Fundamentals Department Air Force Engineering University College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies National University of Defense Technology Institute of Quantum Information Science and Technology College of ScienceNational University of Defense Technology College of Computer National University of Defense Technology

Optoelectronic synapses that integrate visual perception and pre-processing hold significant potential for neuromorphic vision systems（NVSs）. However, due to a lack of wavelength sensitivity, existing NVS mainly focuses on gray-scale image processing, making it challenging to recognize color images. Additionally, the high power consumption of optoelectronic synapses, compared to the 10 fJ energy consumption of biological synapses, limits their broader application. To address these challenges, an energy-efficient NVS capable of color target recognition in a noisy environment was developed,utilizing a MoS2optoelectronic synapse with wavelength sensitivity. Benefiting from the distinct photon capture capabilities of 450, 535, and 650 nm light, the optoelectronic synapse exhibits wavelength-dependent synaptic plasticity, including excitatory postsynaptic current（EPSC）, paired-pulse facilitation（PPF）, and long-term plasticity（LTP）. These properties can effectively mimic the visual memory and color discrimination functions of the human vision system. Results demonstrate that the NVS, based on MoS2optoelectronic synapses, can eliminate the color noise at the sensor level, increasing color image recognition accuracy from 50% to 90%. Importantly, the optoelectronic synapse operates at a low voltage spike of0.0005 V, consuming only 0.075 fJ per spike, surpassing the energy efficiency of both existing optoelectronic and biological synapses. This ultra-low power, color-sensitive device eliminates the need for color filters and offers great promise for future deployment in filter-free NVS.

关键词： optoelectronic synapse neuromorphic vision system color recognition 2D materials image pre-processing

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Sub-terahertz transmissive reconfigurable intelligent surface for integrated beam steering and self-OOK-modulation

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Light(science & Applications) 2025年第1期14卷 131-141页

作者： Dongfang Shen Feng Lan Luyang Wang Tianyang Song Munan Yang Tianyu Hu Yueting Li Xiaolei Nie Jiayao Yang Shixiong Liang Hongxin Zeng Hui-Fang Zhang Pinaki Mazumder Ziqiang Yang Yaxin Zhang Tie Jun Cui Sichuan THz Communication Technology Engineering Research Center School of Electronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731China Yangtze Delta Region Institute(Huzhou) University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaHuzhou313000China Zhangjiang Laboratory Shanghai201204China School of Microelectronics Tianjin UniversityTianjin300072China Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaShenzhen518100China Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA Southeast University Nanjing210096China

Boasting superior flexibility in beam manipulation and a simpler framework than traditional phased arrays,terahertz metasurface-based phased arrays show great promise for 5G-A/6G communication *** with the reflective reconfigurable intelligent surface(reflective RIS),the transmissive RIS(TRIS)offers more feasibility for transceiver multiplexing systems to meet the growing demand for high-performance beam tracking in terahertz communication and radar ***,the terahertz TRIS encounters greater challenges in phase shift,beam efficiency,and complex ***,we propose a sub-terahertz TRIS based on the phase shift via Pancharatnam-Berry(PB)metasurface and self-on-off keying(OOK)modulation via Schottky *** electrically reconfigurable unit cell consists of a column-wise phase resonator and a rectangular *** experimental retrieved equivalent lumped-element circuit model is implemented in joint field-circuit simulations and is validated by experiments.A fabricated prototype demonstrates excellent performance of TRIS with the minimum insertion loss of 2.8 dB for operational states,large bandwidth nearly covering the entire W-band for 1-bit phase shift,deep OOK amplitude modulation of 12 dB,and wide scanning range of±60°with low specular *** further implement an integrated platform combining high-speed beam steering and spatial-light modulation,verifying the point-to-point signal transmissions in different directions using the TRIS *** proposed TRIS with high-performance and cost-effective fabrication makes it a promising solution to terahertz minimalist communication systems,radar,and satellite communication systems.

关键词： reconfigurable reflective resonator

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Theoretical analysis and design of a dual-wavelength and selectable all-optical broadband QDs semiconductor optical amplifier (QDs-SOA) with inhomogeneous broadening

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Optical and Quantum Electronics 2025年第2期57卷 1-26页

作者： Eyvazi, Mahdiyeh Yadipour, Reza Rostami, Ali Rostami, Parisa Mirtagioglu, Hamid Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tabriz Tabriz*** Iran Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tabriz Tabriz*** Iran SP-EPT Lab ASEPE Company Industrial Park of Advanced Technologies Tabriz Iran Faculty of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran Department of Statistics Faculty of Science and Literature University of Bitlis Eren Bitlis Turkey

This study delves into the significant role played by Quantum Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (QD-SOAs) in meeting the ever-growing bandwidth demands. QD-SOAs offer a unique blend of cost-effectiveness, integration capabilities, wide bandwidth, rapid responsiveness, robust power output, stability, and spectral adaptability, driving notable advancements in optical communication systems. In this work, we introduce a novel two-wavelength amplifier structure based on Quantum Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (QD-SOAs) that utilizes quantum dots of different sizes to achieve efficient amplification at specific mid-infrared wavelengths. This innovative approach, which incorporates quantum dots with varying sizes, enables enhanced performance by optimizing the amplification process for each specific wavelength. Furthermore, this work demonstrates the use of tailored optical pumping mechanisms that enhance the carrier recovery process and reduce carrier relaxation times in the active region. This novel optical pumping technique leads to a significant increase in the efficiency and speed of the amplifier, distinguishing this study from others in the field. Simulation results provide detailed insights into the complex interplay between carrier interactions and gain spectra, offering a comprehensive understanding of QD-SOA operational dynamics. The proposed Quantum Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (QD-SOA) achieves significant advancements in optical communication, offering maximum amplification rates of 26.9 and 19.9 times for QD1 and QD2, respectively, and bandwidths of 12 THz and 15 THz. The study highlights the role of quantum dot size, homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening, and optical pumping in enhancing gain and performance, demonstrating the potential of QD-SOAs for high-gain, wide-bandwidth applications in photonic systems. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Semiconductor quantum dots

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Chemical environment adaptive learning for optical band gap prediction of doped graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第5期37卷 3287-3301页

作者： Chen, Chen Xu, Enze Yang, Defu Yan, Chenggang Wei, Tao Chen, Hanning Wei, Yong Chen, Minghan Intelligent Information Processing Laboratory Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou China Department of Computer Science Wake Forest University Winston-SalemNC United States Department of Chemical Engineering Howard University WashingtonDC United States Texas Advanced Computing Center University of Texas at Austin AustinTX United States Department of Computer Science & Information Systems University of North Georgia DahlonegaGA United States

This study presents a new machine learning algorithm, named Chemical Environment Graph Neural Network (ChemGNN), designed to accelerate materials property prediction and advance new materials discovery. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and its doped variants have gained significant interest for their potential as optical materials. Accurate prediction of their band gaps is crucial for practical applications;however, traditional quantum simulation methods are computationally expensive and challenging to explore the vast space of possible doped molecular structures. The proposed ChemGNN leverages the learning ability of current graph neural networks (GNNs) to satisfactorily capture the characteristics of atoms' chemical environment underlying complex molecular structures. Our experimental results demonstrate more than 100% improvement in band gap prediction accuracy over existing GNNs on g-C3N4. Furthermore, the general ChemGNN model can precisely foresee band gaps of various doped g-C3N4 structures, making it a valuable tool for performing high-throughput prediction in materials design and development. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Graphitic Carbon Nitride

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Performance Analysis of Resource Allocation Algorithms for Vehicle Platoons over 5G eV2X Communication 17

Performance Analysis of Resource Allocation Algorithms for V...

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17th International Conference on COMmunication Systems and NETworkS, COMSNETS 2025

作者： Mandal, Gulabi Roy, Anik Palit, Basabdatta Indian Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kharagpur India Indian Institute of Technology Advanced Technology Development Center Kharagpur India National Institute of Technology Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Rourkela India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331531195

Vehicle platooning is a cooperative driving technology that can be supported by 5G enhanced Vehicle-to-Everything (eV2X) communication to improve road safety, traffic efficiency, and reduce fuel consumption. eV2X communication among the platoon vehicles involves the periodic transmission of Cooperative Awareness Messages (CAMs) containing vehicle information under strict latency and reliability requirements. These requirements can be maintained by administering the assignment of resources, in terms of time slots and frequency bands, for CAM transmission in a platoon, with the help of a resource allocation mechanism. State-of-the-art on control and communication design for vehicle platoons either consider a simplified platoon model with a detailed communication architecture or consider a simplified communication delay model with a detailed platoon control system. Departing from existing works, we have developed a comprehensive vehicle platoon communication and control framework using OMNET + +, the benchmarking network simulation tool. We have carried out an inclusive and comparative study of three different platoon Information Flow Topologies (IFTs), namely Car-to-Server, Multi-Hop, and One-Hop over 5G using the Predecessor-Leader Following platoon control law to arrive at the best-suited IFT for platooning. Secondly, for the best-suited 5G eV2X IFT, we have analyzed the performance of three different resource allocation algorithms, namely Maximum of Carrier to Interference Ratio (MaxC/I), Proportional Fair (PF), and Deficit Round Robin (DRR). Exhaustive system-level simulations show that the One-Hop information flow strategy along with the MaxC/I resource allocation yields the best Quality of Service (QoS) performance, in terms of latency, reliability, Age of Information (AoI), and throughput. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Vehicle to vehicle communications

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Machine Learning Based Phishing Website Detection System - Natural Language Processing Approach 2

Machine Learning Based Phishing Website Detection System - N...

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2nd International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Communication Technology and Networking, CICTN 2025

作者： Patni, Jagdish Chandra Naik, S. Vinay Harika, K. Bahadure, Nilesh Bhaskarrao Verma, Kamal Kant Dept. of CSE Alliance School of Advanced Computing Alliance University Bengaluru India Department of Computer Science and Engineering School of Technology GSFC University Gujarat Vadodara India School of Computer Science IILM University Greater Noida India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331530389

Natural language processing (NLP) methods can be used to identify phishing websites in addition to static and dynamic features. Phishing sites frequently include certain phrases, misspellings, or misleading text patterns in their material, as well as other visual cues and language that match those of authentic websites. Through the examination of textual components such anchor texts, meta-descriptions, and homepage titles. The proposed model is able to comprehend the linguistic traits that are frequently seen in phishing websites using NLP-based features like sentiment analysis, keyword matching, and phrase frequency to increase model's sensitivity. In addition, we use real-time URL parsing to detect possible dangers as users come across them, guaranteeing prompt notifications and lowering the possibility that phishing attempts would be successful. Our study emphasizes how crucial it is to keep improving and upgrading phishing detection models because attackers usually change their strategies. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Phishing

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advanced Medical Question and Answering Chatbot Powered by Llama-2 For Precis Health Answer 2

Advanced Medical Question and Answering Chatbot Powered by L...

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2nd International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Communication Technology and Networking, CICTN 2025

作者： Patni, Jagdish Chandra Anup, S.B. Swetha Chitra, K.S. Poornima, B.M. Raviprakash, B.P. Kant Verma, Kamal Dept. of CSE Alliance School of Advanced Computing Alliance University Bengaluru India Department of Computer Science and Engineering School of Technology GSFC University Gujarat Vadodara India School of Computer Science IILM University Greater Noida India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331530389

LLaMA-2 model, which is known for having the best capabilities in natural language processing at the core of our system. With respect to symptom diagnosis, it ranked among the most accurate in being able to give the chances of as many conditions possible as per the information that it receives from the user. Creating custom responses to unique user queries all the time, which may potentially increase user satisfaction and engagement. We have tested and perfected our chatbot to ensure that the capabilities stood out at a level of accuracy as high as 85 percent-showing outstanding care in the matters of healthcare assistance issues under numerous medical topics. Our work adds advanced features with the improvement techniques to the conventional medical Q and A chatbot. The new deep learning chatbot is not only great for symptom diagnosis but also uses its capabilities to provide context-aware responses based on user health history, lifestyles, and preferences with adjustment of its advice for a more personal healthcare experience. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Chatbot LLaMA-2 model medical Question and Answers Natural language processing (NLP) symptom identification

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