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14-Bit SAR ADC with on-Chip Digital Bubble Sorting Calibration technology

Chinese Journal of Electronics 2025年第1期34卷 125-136页

作者： Hua Fan Zhuorui Chen Tongrui Xu Franco Maloberti Qi Wei Quanyuan Feng School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering(Exemplary School of Microelectronics) University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chongqing Institute of Microelectronics Industry Technology University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering University of Pavia Department of Precision Instrument Tsinghua University Institute of Microelectronics Southwest Jiaotong University

This article designs a 14-bit successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter（SAR ADC）.A novel digital bubble sorting calibration method is proposed and applied to eliminate the effect of capacitor mismatch on the linearity of the SAR ADC. To reduce the number of capacitors, a hybrid architecture of a high 8-bit binary-weighted capacitor array and a low 6-bit resistor array is adopted by the digital-to-analog（DAC）. The common-mode voltage VCM-based switching scheme is chosen to reduce the switching energy and area of the DAC. The time-domain comparator is employed to obtain lower power consumption. Sampling is performed through a gate voltage bootstrapped switch to reduce the nonlinear errors introduced when sampling the input signal. Moreover, the SAR logic and the whole calibration is totally implemented on-chip through digital integrated circuit（IC） tools such as design compiler, IC compiler, etc. Finally, a prototype is designed and implemented using 0.18 μm bipolar-complementary metal oxide semiconductor（CMOS）-double-diffused MOS 1.8 V CMOS technology. The measurement results show that the SAR ADC with on-chip bubble sorting calibration method achieves the signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio of 69.75 dB and the spurious-free dynamic range of 83.77 dB.

关键词： Semiconductor device measurement Capacitors Linearity Switches Calibration System-on-chip Frequency measurement Time-domain analysis Sorting Signal to noise ratio

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AMCB: enhancing the authentication process with blockchain integrated with PUF and machine learning

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第8期84卷 4809-4835页

作者： Al-Ghuraybi, Hind A. AlZain, Mohammed A. Soh, Ben Department of Information Technology College of Computers and Information Technology Taif University Taif21944 Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering La Trobe University Bundoora Australia

The rapid advancement of technology has given rise to medical cyber-physical systems (MCPS), a subset of cyber-physical systems (CPS) specifically tailored for patient care and healthcare providers. MCPS generate substantial volumes of big data, posing challenges in terms of processing, storage, and safeguarding against unauthorized access. This paper introduces the Authenticated Medical Cyber-Physical Blockchain (AMCB) model within MCPS, leveraging Blockchain technology, machine learning, and physically unclonable functions (PUF) to fortify the authentication process, particularly for accessing electronic health records (EHR) stored on cloud servers. The model also involves analyzing data from authenticated devices to ensure its integrity. Experiments on the AMCB model evaluate its efficiency across four layers. In the physical layer, PUF keys are extracted using a built Static Random-Access Memory (SRAM) circuit and stored in a simulated Blockchain, yielding a Hamming Distance standard deviation of 6.60%. The inspection layer analyzes data from authenticated devices using machine learning, with the Random Forest achieving the highest accuracy at 99.21%. In the application layer, centered on user authentication, the average transaction time is 36.15 MS. Overall, the AMCB model requires an average of 49.82 ms to execute operations across all layers. These findings underscore the effectiveness of the proposed model in securing EHR in the dynamic landscape of MCPS. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Authentication

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Real-Time Elderly Fall Detection as Ambient Intelligence in Old Age Homes 3

Real-Time Elderly Fall Detection as Ambient Intelligence in ...

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3rd International Conference on Intelligent and Innovative Technologies in Computing, Electrical and Electronics, IITCEE 2025

作者： Shabadi, Laxmi Chaitra, M. Monik, L. Pavan, S.G. Deekshith, R.K. Narayan, Laxmi Sjb Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Bangalore India Bnm Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Bangalore India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331515911

The rapid expansion of autonomous technologies, the rise of computer vision, and edge computing present exciting opportunities in healthcare monitoring systems. Fall prevention is especially important for the elderly because falls from this age group often result in fatalities and serious injuries. Fall detection devices that can quickly recognize falls and alert emergency services have become more and more popular as a result. The primary goal of the project is to increase elderly home safety by implementing an ambient intelligence-based automated emergency recognition system. We present a unique method for fall posture detection utilizing an intelligence surveillance camera and a class of efficient models called MobileNets for mobile and embedded vision applications. A real-time embedded solution persuaded from 'edge AI' is implemented using the state-of-the-art Object detection: single shot detector (SSD) Mobile Net V2 and Internet of things embedded GPU platform NVIDIA's Jetson Nano. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Ambient intelligence

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Swin Transformer and Momentum Contrast (MoCo) in Leukemia Diagnostics: A New Paradigm in AI-Driven Blood Cell Cancer Classification

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 82441-82466页

作者： Jain, Eshika Kaushik, Pratham Kukreja, Vinay Ati, Modafar Hariharan, Shanmugasundaram Ahuja, Vandana Bhattacherjee, Abhishek Kumar Kaushal, Rajesh Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Centre for Research Impact and Outcome Punjab Rajpura140401 India Abu Dhabi University Computer Science and Information Technology College of Engineering Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Vardhaman College of Engineering Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Telangana Hyderabad501218 India Swami Vivekanand Institute of Engineering and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Punjab Banur140601 India Lovely Professional University Department of Computer Science Engineering Punjab Phagwara144411 India Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Department of Computer Applications Punjab Rajpura140401 India

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is a fast-growing blood cancer that requires prompt diagnosis for effective treatment. Automated image diagnostics offer potential solutions but often lack clinical robustness. Despite their widespread use in medical imaging, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) struggle to differentiate morphologically similar ALL subtypes due to limited context and feature discrimination. Moreover, integrating contrastive self-supervised learning with hierarchical attention-based models remains underexplored in hematologic malignancy classification. This study aims to develop a robust, automated classification model for ALL subtypes using peripheral blood smear images, employing advanced feature extraction through the Swin Transformer framework, combined with Momentum Contrast (MoCo) for contrastive learning and a Bidirectional Encoder Transformer for classification. The Swin Transformer’s patch-based embedding and multi-level attention enhance feature discrimination across ALL subtypes, while MoCo generates distinct embeddings, minimizing overlap between cell types. BiET is employed to classify the refined feature vectors, leveraging self-attention mechanisms to improve classification accuracy. The model achieved an overall classification accuracy of 92.5%, with the precision of 90.3%, a recall of 91.1%, and an F1-score of 90.7% across four classes (Benign, Malignant Early Pre-B, Malignant Pre-B, and Malignant Pro-B). Class-specific performance metrics indicate that Malignant Pre-B achieved the highest F1-score of 92.4%. The MoCo framework reduced contrastive loss from 0.5 to 0.097 for benign cells, enhancing feature discrimination. An ablation study revealed that omitting the dynamic queue decreased accuracy by 5%, underscoring its importance for effective feature learning. This approach can be extended to other hematologic malignancies, with potential for further improvement using larger datasets and real-time diagnostic workflows to support p

关键词： Diseases

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Optimal trained ensemble of classification model for satellite image classification

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第7期84卷 3745-3766页

作者： Singh, Sarabjeet Kundra, Harish Kundra, Sheetal Pratima, P. Venkata Devi, M. V. Anjana Kumar, Sushil Hassan, Mariya Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chandigarh College of Engineering and Technology Chandigarh160019 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus Ranga Reddy District Telangana Ibrahimpatnam501506 India Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Guru Nanak Institute of Technology Ranga Reddy District Telangana Ibrahimpatnam501506 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Central University of Haryana Jant-Pali Mahendergarh123031 India

Satellite image classification is the most significant remote sensing method for computerized analysis and pattern detection of satellite data. This method relies on the image's diversity structures and necessitates a thorough validation of the training data using the chosen classification algorithm. The classifying of remotely sensed images refers to the process of classifying pixels into a fixed set of distinct classes based on their data values. The pixel is categorized into that class if it complies with a specific set of requirements. A new SIC scheme is suggested in this work, where, Contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) is deployed for pre-processing the image. Further, statistical features, Vegetation Indices (VI) and Improved Hybrid Vegetation Index (IHVI) are extracted from the preprocessed image. Then, we deploy 2 phase classification process for classifying the image. In the first phase, Bi-Directional Gated Recurrent Unit (BI-GRU), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Deep Max Out (DMO) are used. In 2nd phase, optimized RNN is used for determining the final classification result. Also, the training of the model is done by the new Chaotic Opposition Behavior Improvised Coot Algorithm (COBI-CA) optimization via tuning the optimal weights. The COOT method has been enhanced and is now the suggested algorithm. Lastly, we conduct an analysis to compare the suggested Satellite Image Classification (SIC) model's performance to the traditional approaches in terms of statistical analysis, precision, accuracy, and error measure. In comparison to other conventional methods, the accuracy of the suggested model is 97%. © This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US;foreign copyright protection may apply 2024.

关键词： Pixels

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Event Management System Using Spatial and Event Attribute Information

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SN computer science 2025年第3期6卷 1-9页

作者： Setia, Sonia Anjli, Km Bisht, Upasana Jyoti Raj, Dharm Department of Computer Science & Engineering Sharda School of Engineering & Technology Sharda University Uttar Pradesh Greater Noida India Department of Computer Science Institute of Innovation in Technology & Management Delhi Janakpuri India Department of Computer Science and Engineering ITS Engineering College Greater Noida India

The event management mechanism matches messages that have been subscribed to and events that have been published. To identify the subscriptions that correspond to the occurrence inside the category, it must first run a clustering operation on the subscription message data and determine the category to which the event belongs. In this work, we offer an on-the-fly publish-subscribe technique that can handle on-the-fly subscription changes and category modifications in a distributed environment, as well as the synchronization of spatial information and event attribute information. Additionally, without any prior information, clustering and matching processes can be carried out rapidly. The publish-subscribe method is implemented on a distributed system, and a load-balancing solution is proposed for the algorithm on the distributed system. We then constructed our cluster and used real data to empirically evaluate the suggested publish-subscribe technique. Experiments show that incorporating both similarity and relevance with frequency, compared to focusing on similarity alone, significantly decreases the number of categories which need to be matched for events. This leads to a 15.5% improvement in the speed of matching events and subscriptions. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Clustering algorithms Distributed systems Publish-and-subscribe systems

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A novel dominating set and centrality based graph convolutional network for node classification

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第14期84卷 12979-13004页

作者： Garg, Neeraj Garg, Sneha Jadeja, Mahipal Meena, Yogesh Kumar Gopalani, Dinesh Chauhan, Ganpat Singh Department of Computer Science and Engineering Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur Rajasthan Jaipur302017 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Swami Keshvanand Institute of Technology Jaipur Rajasthan Jaipur302017 India Department of Information Technology School of IT Manipal University Jaipur Rajasthan Jaipur302034 India

To learn and analyze graph-structured data, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as a powerful framework over traditional neural networks, which work well on grid-like or sequential structure data. GNNs are particularly designed to record dependencies and relations in large and complicated networks such as social networks, molecular structures, citation networks and recommendation systems. The main idea behind GNN is the message-passing mechanism that allows sharing of information between nodes and edges in a graph network, enabling the model to learn about graph structures and perform well even with limited training data. GNNs have three different architectures: Graph Convolutional Network (GCN), GraphSAGE, Graph Attention Model (GAT) and other hybrid models. In this paper, we have proposed novel GCN models namely dominating Set with Degree Centrality based GCN (DS_DC_GCN) and dominating Set with Betweenness Centrality based GCN (DS_BWC_GCN) model, for node classification task. In the traditional GNN models, training nodes are selected randomly. In our proposed models, we first identify a subset of the nodes with the help of a dominating set (D) of the underlying network. Then we consider final training nodes (say D′) from set D based on the centrality scores (degree or betweenness). We give preference to nodes having high centrality scores for training. To evaluate the performance of the proposed models, we have used three standard citation network datasets - Cora, Citeseer and Pubmed. Our models obtain improved node classification performance as compared to other state-of-the-art-methods. The consideration of high centrality nodes of dominating set in training helps to improve the feature availability in the underlying computational graphs, which in turn improves learning and hence, model performance. These models also have the potential to offer better results for other network tasks, including link prediction and community detection. © The Author(s), under

关键词： Graph neural networks

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Recognition of American sign language using modified deep residual CNN with modified canny edge segmentation

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-28页

作者： Hariharan, U. Devarajan, Devikanniga Kumar, P. Santhosh Rajkumar, K. Meena, M. Akilan, T. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Apex Institute of Technology Chandigarh University Punjab Mohali140413 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering GITAM University Karnataka Bengaluru561203 India Department of Information Technology Faculty of Engineering and technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Ramapuram Tamil Nadu Chennai600089 India Department of Data Science and Business Systems School of Computing Faculty of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu Chennai603203 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sri Sairam Engineering College Tamil Nadu Tambaram602109 India Research Coordinator Dept. of IQAC Amity University Kolkata West Bengal 700135 India

American Sign Language (ASL) recognition aims to recognize hand gestures, and it is a crucial solution to communicating between the deaf community and hearing people. However, existing sign language recognition algorithms still have some drawbacks, such as difficulty recognizing hand movements and low recognition accuracy for most sign language recognition. A Modified Convolutional Neural Network (MCNN) deep residual 101 classifier-based American Sign Language identification system has been developed to address this problem. There are three main parts presents in the method. The first part is pre-processing the images to remove the noise, enhance the contrast of the picture, adjust the contrast level and smoothen the picture using various filters. The second part is the segmentation, and it’s used to partition the image using a modified canny edge detection method by removing all weak edges present in the image. Finally, classification will be done using the Modified CNN deep residual 101 classifiers. By classifying the image, the American Sign Language is accurately identified. This process is conducted through images. The outcome shows that the suggested approach has a 0.97% accuracy and a 0.05% False Positive Rate. Other CNN architectures such as resNet 50 and resNet 18 reached 0.90% and 0.80% accuracy, respectively, which is lower than our proposed method. In addition, the resNet 101 classifier effectively recognizes the difficult hand gestures through the image data. It obtains high recognition accuracy for 36 signs is 0 to 9 numbers and a to z alphabets from American Sign Language. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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WSO-KELM: War Strategy Optimization-Based Kernel Extreme Learning Machine for Automatic Software Fault Prediction Model

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Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B 2025年第1期106卷 145-163页

作者： Elci, J. Brundha Nandagopalan, S. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Vemana Institute of Technology Visvesvaraya Technological University Karnataka Belagavi India Department of Information Science and Engineering Vemana Institute of Technology Visvesvaraya Technological University Karnataka Belagavi India

The software development projects’ testing part is usually expensive and complex, but it is essential to gauge the effectiveness of the developed software. Software Fault Prediction (SFP) primarily serves to detect faults within software components. The scale of software projects is getting larger, making it impossible and time-consuming to analyze the flaws manually. Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques are mainly incorporated to solve this problem. The massive data retrieved from the software repositories helps in identifying the features that are highly correlated with fault prediction and the features that are not. This paper introduces a Kernel Extreme Learning Machine (KELM) for SFP. To optimize the hyperparameters of the classifier and also enhance the classification accuracy, the War Strategy Optimization (WSO) algorithm is employed here. The experimental evaluations are conducted using different baseline actual-world datasets of software programs such as Java-coded open-source and PROMISE datasets. The experimental outcomes are conducted using different performance metrics that include sensitivity, Accuracy, and F1-score with values of 0.96%, 0.97%, and 0.96%, respectively. The results show that KELM is beneficial, and the optimization provided by the WSO algorithm also helps us obtain higher classification accuracy for the SFP problem and improve the fault detection process. © The Institution of Engineers (India) 2024.

关键词： Software reliability

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A Magnetic Signal Based Device Fingerprinting Scheme in Wireless Charging

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IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 2025年第3期22卷 2943-2958页

作者： Li, Jiachun Meng, Yan Zhang, Le Chen, Guoxing Tian, Yuan Zhu, Haojin Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai200240 China Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Institute for Technology Los AngelesCA90095 United States

Wireless charging is widely used to charge smart devices with limited battery capacity. However, it is susceptible to the identity spoofing attack, where adversaries can impersonate malicious devices as legitimate ones to gain unauthorized access and potentially disrupt the wireless charging system (e.g., resulting in incorrect billing, overheating, or even explosions). Device fingerprinting is a classical method for defending against identity spoofing attacks. However, applying existing schemes in wireless charging scenarios has drawbacks such as inconvenience (e.g., requiring specialized devices or user participation) and ineffectiveness (e.g., vulnerability to spoofing). Thus, we design a novel passive, effective, and robust device fingerprinting scheme called MagID for wireless charging systems. The insight of MagID lies in the fact that during wireless charging, the magnetic signal around a device can reflect inherent hardware differences. These differences can be extracted as unique fingerprints for authentication purposes. MagID leverages a novel scheme, SUPER-ARRAY, to precisely measure magnetic data and generate effective fingerprints for authenticating a device's identity before starting charging progress. Experimental results demonstrate that MagID achieves an accuracy rate of 98.14% across various charging devices. We have also tested its performance under different impact factors and verified its compatibility with various wireless charging pads. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Charging stations

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