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arXiv 2022年

作者： Daheim, Nico Thulke, David Dugast, Christian Ney, Hermann Ubiquitous Knowledge Processing Lab Department of Computer Science Technical University of Darmstadt Germany Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition RWTH Aachen University Germany AppTek GmbH Germany

In this work, we present a model for document-grounded response generation in dialog that is decomposed into two components according to Bayes' theorem. One component is a traditional ungrounded response generation model and the other component models the reconstruction of the grounding document based on the dialog context and generated response. We propose different approximate decoding schemes and evaluate our approach on multiple open-domain and task-oriented document-grounded dialog datasets. Our experiments show that the model is more factual in terms of automatic factuality metrics than the baseline model. Furthermore, we outline how introducing scaling factors between the components allows for controlling the tradeoff between factuality and fluency in the model output. Finally, we compare our approach to a recently proposed method to control factuality in grounded dialog, CTRL (Rashkin et al., 2021), and show that both approaches can be combined to achieve additional improvements. © 2022, CC BY.

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Mental Models of a Mobile Shoe Rack

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ACM Transactions on human-Robot interaction 2021年第2期10卷

作者： Rueben, Matthew Klow, Jeffrey Duer, Madelyn Zimmerman, Eric Piacentini, Jennifer Browning, Madison Bernieri, Frank J. Grimm, Cindy M. Smart, William D. University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States Oregon State University CorvallisOR97330 United States Institute School of Psychological Science Interaction Lab in the Department of Computer Science

Most people do not have direct access to knowledge about the inner workings of robots. Instead, they must develop mental models of the robot, a process that is not well understood. This article presents findings from a long-term, in-the-wild, qualitative, hypothesis-generating study of the mental model formation process. The focus was on how (qualitatively) users form mental models of the robot-specifically its perceptual capabilities, rules of behavior, and communication with other humans. Participants of diverse ages had multiple interactions with the robot over six weeks in a non-laboratory setting. The robot's rules of behavior were changed every two weeks. A novel, non-anthropomorphic robot was created for the study with a realistic use case: Storing people's shoes during a yoga class. This article reports findings from a case study analysis of 28 interviews conducted over six weeks with six participants. These findings are organized into six topics: (1) variability in the rate at which mental models are updated to be more predictive, (2) types of reasoning and hypothesizing about the robot, (3) borrowing from existing mental models and use of imagination, (4) attributing sensing capabilities where there are no visible sensors, (5) judgments about whether the robot is autonomous or teleoperated, and (6) experimenting with the robot. Specific suggestions for future research are given throughout, culminating in a set of study design recommendations. This work demonstrates the fruitfulness of long-term, in-the-wild studies of human-robot interaction, of which mental model formation is a foundational aspect. © 2021 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Anthropomorphic robots

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Specialization and selective social attention establishes the balance between individual and social learning 43

Specialization and selective social attention establishes th...

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43rd Annual Meeting of the Cognitive science Society: Comparative Cognition: Animal Minds, CogSci 2021

作者： Wu, Charley M. Ho, Mark K. Kahl, Benjamin Leuker, Christina Meder, Björn Kurvers, Ralf H.J.M. Human and Machine Cognition Lab University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany Max Planck Institute for Human Development Berlin Germany Department of Computer Science Princeton University Princeton United States Robert Koch Institute Berlin Germany Health and Medical University Potsdam Potsdam Germany

A key question individuals face in any social learning environment is when to innovate alone and when to imitate others. Previous simulation results have found that the best performing groups exhibit an intermediate balance, yet it is still largely unknown how individuals collectively negotiate this balance. We use an immersive collective foraging experiment, implemented in the Minecraft game engine, facilitating unprecedented access to spatial trajectories and visual field data. The virtual environment imposes a limited field of view, creating a natural trade-off between allocating visual attention towards individual search or to look towards peers for social imitation. By analyzing foraging patterns, social interactions (visual and spatial), and social influence, we shine new light on how groups collectively adapt to the fluctuating demands of the environment through specialization and selective imitation, rather than homogeneity and indiscriminate copying of others. © Cognitive science Society: Comparative Cognition: Animal Minds, CogSci *** rights reserved.

关键词： Virtual reality

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Federated semi-supervised medical image classification via inter-client relation matching

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Liu, Quande Yang, Hongzheng Dou, Qi Heng, Pheng-Ann Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Department of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality and Human Interaction Technology Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences China

Federated learning (FL) has emerged with increasing popularity to collaborate distributed medical institutions for training deep networks. However, despite existing FL algorithms only allow the supervised training setting, most hospitals in realistic usually cannot afford the intricate data labeling due to absence of budget or expertise. This paper studies a practical yet challenging FL problem, named Federated Semi-supervised Learning (FSSL), which aims to learn a federated model by jointly utilizing the data from both labeled and unlabeled clients (i.e., hospitals). We present a novel approach for this problem, which improves over traditional consistency regularization mechanism with a new inter-client relation matching scheme. The proposed learning scheme explicitly connects the learning across labeled and unlabeled clients by aligning their extracted disease relationships, thereby mitigating the deficiency of task knowledge at unlabeled clients and promoting discriminative information from unlabeled samples. We validate our method on two large-scale medical image classification datasets. The effectiveness of our method has been demonstrated with the clear improvements over state-of-the-arts as well as the thorough ablation analysis on both tasks4 © 2021, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Hospitals

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Link Prediction Accuracy on Real-World Networks Under Non-Uniform Missing Edge Patterns

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： He, Xie Ghasemian, Amir Lee, Eun Schwarze, Alice C. Clauset, Aaron Mucha, Peter J. The Department of Mathematics Dartmouth College HanoverNH03755 United States The Human Nature Lab Yale University CT06520 United States The Computational Social Science Lab The University of Pennsylvania PA19104 United States The Department of Scientific Computing Pukyong National University Busan Korea Republic of The Department of Computer Science The BioFrontiers Institute The University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States The Santa Fe Institute Santa FeNM87501 United States

Real-world network datasets are typically obtained in ways that fail to capture all edges. The patterns of missing data are often non-uniform as they reflect biases and other shortcomings of different data collection methods. Nevertheless, uniform missing data is a common assumption made when no additional information is available about the underlying missing-edge pattern, and link prediction methods are frequently tested against uniformly missing edges. To investigate the impact of different missing-edge patterns on link prediction accuracy, we employ 9 link prediction algorithms from 4 different families to analyze 20 different missing-edge patterns that we categorize into 5 groups. Our comparative simulation study, spanning 250 real-world network datasets from 6 different domains, provides a detailed picture of the significant variations in the performance of different link prediction algorithms in these different settings. With this study, we aim to provide a guide for future researchers to help them select a link prediction algorithm that is well suited to their sampled network data, considering the data collection process and application domain. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Data acquisition

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MLM-Net: Streamlined Multi-Lane Detection Network with Spatio-temporal Memory for Video Instance Lane Detection

MLM-Net: Streamlined Multi-Lane Detection Network with Spati...

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International Conference on Intelligent Transportation

作者： Xiaoqin Wang Yunfei Yin Faliang Huang Xianjian Bao School of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing P. R. China School of Computer Science Chongqing University Chongqing P. R. China Guangxi Key Lab of Human-machine Interaction and Intelligent Decision Nanning Normal University Nanning P. R. China School of Maharishi University of Management Fairfield IOWA USA

Lane detection is a crucial task in autonomous driving as it helps vehicles maintain stable and efficient driving in complex traffic environments. Image-based and video-based lane detection are two common methods, with video-based lane detection being more effective in handling complex scenarios such as lane occlusion and wear. However, most existing video-based lane detection methods suffer from information redundancy, where the same key frames of the same lane are repeatedly calculated during the detection of multiple lanes. Additionally, the spatio-temporal sequence information of video-based lanes is not fully utilized. To address these challenges, MLM-Net is proposed as a streamlined multilane network that facilitates the sharing of spatiotemporal information. The Global Memory Feature (GMF) module is redesigned to mitigate information redundancy across multiple lanes, while the Local Spatio-Temporal Feature (LSTF) module is introduced to enhance the utilization of spatiotemporal consistency information. Additionally, the Enhanced Global Memory Feature (EGMF) module is introduced to extract enhanced features and handle challenging detection scenarios. Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance for video instance lane detection on the VIL-100 dataset.

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Donut Modes in Space Wavelength Division Multiplexing: Multimode Optical Fiber Transmission based on Electrical Feedback Equalizer 5

Donut Modes in Space Wavelength Division Multiplexing: Multi...

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5th International Conference on Electronic Design, ICED 2020

作者： Ghazi, Alaan Aljunid, S.A. Idrus, Syed Zulkarnain Syed Endut, R. Ali, N. Amphawan, Angela Fareed, Alaa Al-Dawoodi, Aras Noori, Awab School of Human Development and Techno-communication University Malaysia Perlis Malaysia School of Computer and Communication Engineering University Malaysia Perlis Malaysia Computer Technical Engineering Al-Qalam University College Iraq Centre of Excellence Universiti Malaysia Perlis Malaysia Universiti Malaysia Perlis Perlis Malaysia Lightwave Laboratory School of Engineering and Technology Sunway University Petaling Jaya Selangor47500 Malaysia School of Computing University Utara Malaysia Malaysia Computer Science Department College of Computer Science and Information Technology Kirkuk University Iraq Data Science Research Lab School of Computing Universiti Utara Malaysia Malaysia

This study demonstrates the implementation of multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) transmission donut modes in space wavelength division multiplexing (SWDM) over multi-mode optical fiber (MMOF) and simulating the effect of mode coupling of the transmitted signal. However, during the data transmitted over MMF by using SWDM an issue is encountered, which is the inter symbol interference (ISI) due to mode coupling. ISI has been recognized as a major obstacle to high-speed data transmission. The signal processing in SDM of donut modes over MMOF with electrical feedback equalizer is used to improve the performance for increasing the bandwidth. A data rate 80 Gbit/s up for a distance of 1600 meters is achieved. SWDM topology was designed emitted from a spatial vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) through MMOF in conjunction with the configurations of electrical feedback equalizer. The parameters and values used in Opt-Sim simulation topology were listed. The performance measurement of this study based on bit-error rates (BER) and eye diagram before and after electrical feedback equalization were analysed. © 2021 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Space division multiple access

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An Adaptive Bionic Sensor: Enhancing Ankle Joint Tracking with High Sensitivity and Superior Cushioning Performance

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Jin, Jianqiao Zhang, Chen Zhao, Jianyuan Yu, Minghan Lei, Ming Jin, Chun Yin, Rui Zhao, Weiwei Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials The School of Integrated Circuit Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen518055 China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen518055 China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding & Joining Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China Human-Computer Interaction Design Lab School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China

Flexible sensors are renowned for their rapid responsiveness, high flexibility, and outstanding mechanical properties, making them ideal for applications in wearable devices, sports and health monitoring, and human-machine interfaces. To enhance the sensing performance of these flexible sensors, researchers have drawn inspiration from nature, creating various bionic microstructures. However, these structures often manifest in the macroscopic form of thin films, which do little to improve impact resistance and joint protection. In response, this work achieves a highly sensitive and impact-resistant pressure sensor by integrating bionic principles at both micro and macro levels. Specifically, at the micro level, a muscle-like hydrogel system consisting of MXene nanosheets incorporated into the double network of polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate matrix is selected. At the macro level, the bionic prototypes of mimosa leaves and durian spikes with good energy absorption structure, together with octopus’ sucker with good adsorption capacity are selected, and the synergistic construction of the three structures is realized through 3D printing methods. The obtained sensor has an appropriate response range, sensitivity and stability. More importantly, the displacement deformation of the hydrogel can be reduced by 91.22%, while its adhesion strength can be increased by 57.5% compared to the unstructured hydrogel. As a proof-of-concept, the proposed bionic flexible sensor can be used to monitor the motion status of the human ankle joint in real-time, thereby assisting users in making real-time judgments on gait health. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sodium alginate

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Few-shot tire tracks recognition based on metric learning

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Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 2025年 156卷

作者： Zhai, Longlong He, Jinrong Li, Zhaokui Bi, Yingzhou College of Mathematics and Computer Science Yan'an University Yan'an716000 China Guangxi Key Lab of Human-machine Interaction and Intelligent Decision Nanning Normal University Nanning530100 China School of Computer Shenyang Aerospace University Shenyang110136 China

Tire tracks are crucial evidence for investigating and identifying traffic accident scenes. Intelligent recognition of tire track images enables rapid and precise identification of suspicious vehicles, assisting investigators in determining accident causes and liabilities. This enhances both the efficiency and accuracy of case resolution. However, tire track images are complex and diverse, significantly influenced by environmental factors such as lighting and road conditions. Moreover, the limited availability of tire track image samples poses a challenge for training deep learning models in practical applications. To address these challenges, particularly the limited generalization ability of few-shot metric learning models on unseen categories and their poor recognition rates in open-world environments, we propose a novel framework called TireNet for few-shot tire track recognition. First, we adopt a residual network integrated with coordinate attention as the backbone for feature extraction. Secondly, the context-aware features of the support set and the query set are extracted separately through attention-based bi-directional long short-term memory model. Subsequently, the cosine similarity between the features of the support set and the query set is calculated to determine the category of the query image. Finally, to address the class imbalance issue in the tire track image dataset, we utilize an improved Focal Loss for gradient updates. This enables the model to focus more on difficult samples during training, thereby enhancing the training efficiency, particularly in scenarios involving few-shot learning and open-world environments. To validate the proposed method, we constructed a tire track image dataset of 1700 samples, covering various environmental conditions, providing a rich resource for tire track recognition research. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms few-shot image classification and classic machine

关键词： Deep learning

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MISS@WMT21: Contrastive Learning-reinforced Domain Adaptation in Neural Machine Translation 6

MISS@WMT21: Contrastive Learning-reinforced Domain Adaptatio...

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6th Conference on Machine Translation, WMT 2021

作者： Li, Zuchao Utiyama, Masao Sumita, Eiichiro Zhao, Hai Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Key Laboratory of Shanghai Education Commission for Intelligent Interaction and Cognitive Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China MoE Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence AI Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Kyoto Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781954085947

In this paper, we describe our MISS system that participated in the WMT21 news translation task. We mainly participated in the evaluation of the three translation directions of English-Chinese and Japanese-English translation tasks. In the systems submitted, we primarily considered wider networks, deeper networks, relative positional encoding, and dynamic convolutional networks in terms of model structure, while in terms of training, we investigated contrastive learning-reinforced domain adaptation, self-supervised training, and optimization objective switching training methods. According to the final evaluation results, a deeper, wider, and stronger network can improve translation performance in general, yet our data domain adaption method can improve performance even more. In addition, we found that switching to the use of our proposed objective during the finetune phase using relatively small domain-related data can effectively improve the stability of the model's convergence and achieve better optimal performance. © 2021 Association for Computational Linguistics

关键词： Neural machine translation

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