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CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications 2024年第1期9卷 63-78页

作者： Kala, Peeyush Sharma, Abhinav Jately, Vibhu Joshi, Jyoti Yang, Yongheng Srm Institute of Science and Technology Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Ghaziabad201204 India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dehradun248007 India Dehradun248007 India Graphic Era Hill University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Dehradun248002 India College of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China

This article presents an initial solution based selective harmonic elimination (SHE) method for multilevel inverter (MLI) that aims to solve SHE problem with high accuracy while significantly reducing the number of iterations. Initial SHE solution is defined as a set of initial switching angles that has less accuracy as compared to the final SHE solution. To find initial SHE solution, tunicate swarm algorithm (TSA), grey wolf optimization (GWO) and whale optimization (WO) are used to solve five-dimensional SHE problem. A comparative analysis demonstrates that TSA achieved the desired initial SHE solution within lesser iterations as compared to GWO and WO for a wide range of modulation indices. The initial switching angles found using TSA are further optimized using Newton-Raphson (NR) method being the proposed TSANR method, which exploits the SHE search space with quadratic rate of convergence to find final SHE solution. The proposed TSANR method significantly minimizes the computational time and further improves the accuracy of the SHE solution as compared to the state-of-the-art SHE methods. Detailed simulations, experimental and harmonic analysis under dynamic change in modulation index are presented to show the efficacy of the proposed SHE method in terms of control over fundamental and detrimental harmonics. © 2017 CPSS.

关键词： Harmonic analysis

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Multi-objective Cluster-head-based Energy-aware Routing using a Separable Convolution Neural Network in a Wireless Sensor Network

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IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing 2024年第2期13卷 105-112页

作者： Ather, Danish Mary, J. Prisca Singh, Pooja Garg, Kanika Priyadharshini, T.R. Princy, B. Anni Tiwari, Mohit Department of IT and Engineering Amity University in Tashkent Uzbekistan Department of Computer Science and Engineering NPR College of Engineering and Technology Tamil Nadu Dindigul India Department of Physics Faculty of Science SGT University Haryana Gurugram India Department of Computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology NCR Campus Ghaziabad Modinagar India Department of Information Technology Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology Pollachi main road Coimbatore India Department of Computer and Communication Panimalar Engineering College Tamil Nadu Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Engineering Delhi India

Wireless sensor network (WSN) applications are added day by day owing to numerous global uses (by the military, for monitoring the atmosphere, in disaster relief, and so on). Here, trust management is a main challenge. Sensor nodes are important in wireless sensor networks, but they are easily depleted because of their short lifespan from continuous sensing activity and low battery capacity. So efficient energy utilization is a challenging task in a WSN. To minimize energy loss, clustering with an optimum path selection process is needed to retain energy in sensor nodes. This manuscript proposes multi-objective Pelican Optimization Algorithm (POA) routing to maintain energy efficiency and minimize transmission distances in wireless sensor networks. A cluster head (CH) is selected by using a Separable Convolution Neural Network (SCNN). Simulation outcomes prove the proposed technique attains 22.3% and 25.04% improvements in energy consumption when compared to the Multi-Objective CH Energy-aware Optimized Routing Approach at WSN (MOCH-EORA-WSN) and Multiple Optimum Cluster Head Multi-Objective Grasshopper Optimization with Harmony-search at WSN (MOCH-MOGOH-WSN), respectively. © 2024 Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy utilization

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Deep learning and vision transformers-based framework for breast cancer and subtype identification

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第16期37卷 9311-9330页

作者： Jahan, Ishrat Chowdhury, Muhammad E. H. Vranic, Semir Al Saady, Rafif Mahmood Kabir, Saidul Pranto, Zahid Hasan Mim, Sabiha Jahan Nobi, Sadia Farhana Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shahjalal University of Science and Technology Sylhet Bangladesh Department of Electrical Engineering Qatar University 2713 Doha Qatar College of Medicine QU Health Qatar University Doha Qatar Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Dhaka Dhaka1000 Bangladesh

Breast cancer, marked by uncontrolled cell growth in breast tissue, is the most common cancer among women and a second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Among its types, ductal and lobular carcinomas are the most prevalent, with invasive ductal carcinoma accounting for about 70–80% of cases and invasive lobular carcinoma for about 10–15%. Accurate identification is crucial for effective treatment but can be time-consuming and prone to interobserver variability. AI can rapidly analyze pathological images, providing precise, cost-effective identification, thus reducing the pathologists’ workload. This study utilizes a deep learning framework for advanced, automatic breast cancer detection and subtype identification. The framework comprises three key components: detecting cancerous patches, identifying cancer subtypes (ductal and lobular carcinoma), and predicting patient-level outcomes from whole slide images (WSI). The validation process includes visualization using Score-CAM to highlight cancer-affected areas prominently. Datasets include 111 WSIs (85 malignant from the Warwick HER2 dataset and 26 benign from pathologists). For subtype detection, there are 57 ductal and 8 lobular carcinoma cases. A total of 28,428 annotated patches were reviewed by two expert pathologists. Four pre-trained models—DenseNet-201, MobileNetV2, an ensemble of these two, and a Vision Transformer-based model—were fine-tuned and tested on the patches. Patient-level results were predicted using a majority voting technique based on the percentage of each patch type in the WSI. The Vision Transformer-based model outperformed other models in patch classification, achieving an accuracy of 96.74% for cancerous patch detection and 89.78% for cancer subtype classification. For WSI-based cancer classification, the majority voting method attained an F1-score of 99.06 and 96.13% for WSI-based cancer subtype classification. The proposed deep learning-based framework for advanced breast cancer det

关键词： Diseases

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Algorithm and VLSI Architecture of a Near-Optimum Symbol Detector for QSM MIMO Systems

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IEEE Access 2023年 11卷 144113-144125页

作者： Yen, Mao-Hsu Lu, Hoang-Yang Lu, Ken-Hua Lin, Shao-Yueh Chan, Chia-Chen National Taiwan Ocean University Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Keelung202 Taiwan National Taiwan Ocean University Department of Electrical Engineering Keelung202 Taiwan

Driven by the rapidly growing demand for high quality of service (QoS) in wireless communications, quadrature spatial modulation (QSM) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technologies have received intensive research attention. In this paper, a multiplier-free and divider-free detection algorithm and a corresponding hardware architecture are presented. The proposed algorithm has four steps: 1) applying COordinate Rotation DIgital computer (CORDIC)-based Givens rotations to QR decompose the fading channel matrices, 2) mapping the transmitted M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) symbols to the binary phase shift keying (BPSK)-modulated bits, 3) symbol slicing to estimate the transmitted symbols for all transmit antenna combinations (TACs), and 4) measuring the likelihood distances and finding the final solution. Based on hardware considerations for high-speed processing, no multipliers or dividers are used in the four corresponding hardware modules. Finally, computer simulations and hardware implementation are conducted for a configuration with four transmit antennas, two active transmit antennas, and four receive antennas. According to the simulation results, the proposed algorithm performs almost as well as the optimal method but has a lower computational complexity. Furthermore, according to the hardware implementation results, the proposed architecture needs 547k gates (kGEs), has a preprocessing latency of 64 clock cycles, provides a throughput rate of 1 Gbps and has a hardware efficiency of 1.83 (Mbps/kGEs) when operating at a frequency of 500 MHz. The above results also show that even for fast fading channels, the proposed detector is still a promising candidate for providing a high throughput rate and an acceptable bit error rate (BER). © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Fading channels

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HViTML: Hybrid vision transformer with machine learning-based classification model for glaucomatous eye

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-24页

作者： Singh, Piyush Bhushan Singh, Pawan Dev, Harsh Batra, Devanshu Chaurasia, Brijesh Kumar Department of Information Technology Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology Uttar Pradesh Kanpur India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Amity School of Engineering and Technology Amity University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Babu Banarasi Das University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology Uttar Pradesh Kanpur India

Glaucoma is currently one of the most significant causes of permanent blindness. Fundus imaging is the most popular glaucoma screening method because of the compromises it has to make in terms of portability, size, and cost. In recent years, convolution neural networks (CNNs) have revolutionized computer vision. Convolution is a "local" CNN technique that is only applicable to a small region surrounding an image. Vision Transformers (ViT) use self-attention, which is a "global" activity since it collects information from the entire image. As a result, the ViT can successfully gather distant semantic relevance from an image. This study examined several optimizers, including Adamax, SGD, RMSprop, Adadelta, Adafactor, Nadam, and Adagrad. With 1750 Healthy and Glaucoma images in the IEEE fundus image dataset and 4800 healthy and glaucoma images in the LAG fundus image dataset, we trained and tested the ViT model on these datasets. Additionally, the datasets underwent image scaling, auto-rotation, and auto-contrast adjustment via adaptive equalization during preprocessing. The results demonstrated that preparing the provided dataset with various optimizers improved accuracy and other performance metrics. Additionally, according to the results, the Nadam Optimizer improved accuracy in the adaptive equalized preprocessing of the IEEE dataset by up to 97.8% and in the adaptive equalized preprocessing of the LAG dataset by up to 92%, both of which were followed by auto rotation and image resizing processes. In addition to integrating our vision transformer model with the shift tokenization model, we also combined ViT with a hybrid model that consisted of six different models, including SVM, Gaussian NB, Bernoulli NB, Decision Tree, KNN, and Random Forest, based on which optimizer was the most successful for each dataset. Empirical results show that the SVM Model worked well and improved accuracy by up to 93% with precision of up to 94% in the adaptive equalization preprocess

关键词： Decision trees

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Temperature Detection System Using Oxide TFTs on a Flexible Substrate

IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics

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IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics 2023年第6期2卷 464-471页

作者： Shrivastava, Suyash Bahubalindruni, Pydi Ganga Choudhary, Vaishali Iiser Bhopal Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Bhopal462066 India

This article presents a compact temperature detection system using amorphous-InGaZnO thin-film transistor (TFT) technology. The proposed system is fabricated on a 30-μ m-thick polymide substrate. This system consists of a temperature readout circuit together with a novel high-performance clocked comparator. Individual blocks and the complete system have been characterized from measurements at a low-power supply voltage of 3 V and a load of 10 M||12 pF. The measured sensitivity of the temperature readout circuit is 16 mV/C. On the other hand, the comparator is capable of discriminating a minimum differential input voltage (Vin min) of 30 mV and showing the input referred noise of 5 mV at an input signal frequency ( fin) of 10 kHz. The circuit is showing a reliable operation up to an fin of 22.5 kHz with a slight degradation in the output voltage swing. This circuit shows a propagation delay of 3 μ s and a power consumption of 48.15 μ W from measurements. The complete system is able to discriminate a temperature variation down to 2 C. This system would find potential application in biomedical wearable devices for temperature detection. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Substrates

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Performance *** Comparative Analysis of Multimodal Bilinear Pooling Fusion Approaches for Deep Learning-Based Visual Arabic-Question Answering Systems

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computer Modeling in engineering & sciences 2025年第4期143卷 373-411页

作者： Sarah M.Kamel Mai A.Fadel Lamiaa Elrefaei Shimaa I.Hassan Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering at ShoubraBenha UniversityCairo11629Egypt Computer Science Department Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Computer and Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyBadr University in Cairo(BUC)Cairo11829Egypt Communication Systems Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringBenha National UniversityObour11846QalyubiaEgypt

Visual question answering(VQA)is a multimodal task,involving a deep understanding of the image scene and the question’s meaning and capturing the relevant correlations between both modalities to infer the appropriate *** this paper,we propose a VQA system intended to answer yes/no questions about real-world images,in *** support a robust VQA system,we work in two directions:(1)Using deep neural networks to semantically represent the given image and question in a fine-grainedmanner,namely ResNet-152 and Gated Recurrent Units(GRU).(2)Studying the role of the utilizedmultimodal bilinear pooling fusion technique in the *** the model complexity and the overall model *** fusion techniques could significantly increase the model complexity,which seriously limits their applicability for VQA *** far,there is no evidence of how efficient these multimodal bilinear pooling fusion techniques are for VQA systems dedicated to yes/no ***,a comparative analysis is conducted between eight bilinear pooling fusion techniques,in terms of their ability to reduce themodel complexity and improve themodel performance in this case of VQA *** indicate that these multimodal bilinear pooling fusion techniques have improved the VQA model’s performance,until reaching the best performance of 89.25%.Further,experiments have proven that the number of answers in the developed VQA system is a critical factor that *** the effectiveness of these multimodal bilinear pooling techniques in achieving their main objective of reducing the model *** Multimodal Local Perception Bilinear Pooling(MLPB)technique has shown the best balance between the model complexity and its performance,for VQA systems designed to answer yes/no questions.

关键词： Arabic-VQA deep learning-based VQA deep multimodal information fusion multimodal representation learning VQA of yes/no questions VQA model complexity VQA model performance performance-complexity trade-off

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Answer Code Validation Program with Test Data Generation for Code Writing Problem in Java Programming Learning Assistant System

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engineering Letters 2024年第5期32卷 981-994页

作者： Wai, Khaing Hsu Funabiki, Nobuo Aung, Soe Thandar Lu, Xiqin Jing, Yanhui Kyaw, Htoo Htoo Sandi Kao, Wen-Chung Department of Information and Communication Systems Okayama University Okayama Japan Department of Computer and Information Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Tokyo Japan Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan

In order to support the learning of novice students in Java programming, the web-based Java Programming Learning Assistant System (JPLAS) has been developed. JPLAS offers several types of exercise problems to foster code reading and writing skills at different levels. In JPLAS, the code writing problem (CWP) asks a student to write a source code that will pass the test code given in the assignment where the correctness is verified by running them on JUnit. In this paper, to reduce the teacher’s workload during the marking process, we present the answer code validation program that verifies all the source codes from a large number of students for each assignment and reports the number of passing tests for each source code in the CSV file. Besides, to test a source code with various input data, we implement the test data generation algorithm that identifies the data type, generates new data, and replaces it for each test data in the test code. Furthermore, to verify the correctness of the implemented procedures in the source code, we introduce the intermediate state testing in the test code. For evaluations, we applied the proposal to source codes and test codes in a Java programming course in Okayama university, Japan, and confirmed the validity and effectiveness. © 2024, International Association of Engineers. All rights reserved.

关键词： Students

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Hybrid DF and SIR Forwarding Strategy in Conventional and Distributed Alamouti Space-Time Coded Cooperative Networks

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computer Modeling in engineering & sciences 2025年第2期142卷 1933-1954页

作者： Slim Chaoui Omar Alruwaili Faeiz Alserhani Haifa Harrouch Department of Computer Engineering and Networks College of Computer and Information SciencesJouf UniversitySakaka72388Saudi Arabia Computer Science Department Applied CollegeUniversity of HailHail55424Saudi Arabia

In this paper,we propose a hybrid decode-and-forward and soft information relaying(HDFSIR)strategy to mitigate error propagation in coded cooperative *** the HDFSIR approach,the relay operates in decode-and-forward(DF)mode when it successfully decodes the received message;otherwise,it switches to soft information relaying(SIR)*** benefits of the DF and SIR forwarding strategies are combined to achieve better performance than deploying the DF or SIR strategy ***-form expressions for the outage probability and symbol error rate(SER)are derived for coded cooperative communication with HDFSIR and energy-harvesting ***,we introduce a novel normalized log-likelihood-ratio based soft estimation symbol(NL-SES)mapping technique,which enhances soft symbol accuracy for higher-order modulation,and propose a model characterizing the relationship between the estimated complex soft symbol and the actual high-order modulated ***-more,the hybrid DF-SIR strategy is extended to a distributed Alamouti space-time-coded cooperative *** evaluate the~performance of the proposed HDFSIR strategy,we implement extensive Monte Carlo simulations under varying channel *** demonstrate significant improvements with the hybrid technique outperforming individual DF and SIR strategies in both conventional and distributed Alamouti space-time coded cooperative ***,at a SER of 10^(-3),the proposed NL-SES mapping demonstrated a 3.5 dB performance gain over the conventional averaging one,highlighting its superior accuracy in estimating soft symbols for quadrature phase-shift keying modulation.

关键词： Cooperative communication soft information relaying soft symbols modeling cooperative diversity gain distributed Alamouti space-time code

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Efficiency Evaluation of Business in IoT Supply Chains by Network DEA

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Journal of Internet Technology 2023年第6期24卷 1361-1368页

作者： Kao, Han-Ying Lan, Chien-Hao Hsu, Chia-Hsien Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Dong Hwa University Taiwan

Recently Internet of things (IoT) and its applications are emerging as a momentous trend in industry. Numerous hardware and software providers have been entering the intense market competition in IoT related industries. Correspondingly, the attention on evaluation of IoT industry is growing. However, it is a main theme as how to consider the multiple dimensions and dependencies among the criteria in IoT supply chains simultaneously. By considering internal processes in DMUs as well as their interactions, this study designs the evaluation methods with network data envelopment analysis (NDEA) and multiobjective programming (MOP) techniques. This work intends to estimate the efficiency of IoT businesses from the perspectives of R&D, manufacturing, sales and finance, and the overall performance. The proposed models are implemented with empirical case studies in IoT supply chains in Taiwan. The results show the usefulness and validity of the proposed methods in evaluating IoT related business. © 2023 Taiwan Academic Network Management Committee. All rights reserved.

关键词： Supply chains

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