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arXiv 2025年

作者： Juston, Marius F.R. Gisi, Alex Norris, William R. Nottage, Dustin Soylemezoglu, Ahmet The Grainger College of Engineering Industrial and Enterprise Systems Engineering Department University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801-3080 United States The Grainger College of Engineering Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801-3080 United States Construction Engineering Research Laboratory U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Engineering Research and Development Center IL61822 United States

This paper presents the Adaptive Personalized Control System (APECS) architecture, a novel framework for human-in-the-loop control. An architecture is developed which defines appropriate constraints for the system objectives. A method for enacting Lipschitz and sector bounds on the resulting controller is derived to ensure desirable control properties. An analysis of worst-case loss functions and the optimal loss function weighting is made to implement an effective training scheme. Finally, simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed architecture. This architecture resulted in a 4.5% performance increase compared to the human operator and 9% to an unconstrained feedforward neural network trained in the same way. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Human robot interaction

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A Risk-Averse Just-In-Time Scheme for Learning-Based Operation of Microgrids With Coupled Electricity-Hydrogen-Ammonia Under Uncertainties

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IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 2025年

作者： Li, Longyan Ning, Chao Pan, Guangsheng Zhang, Leiqi Gu, Wei Zhao, Liang Du, Wenli Shahidehpour, Mohammad Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Automation Shanghai200240 China Ministry of Education of China Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Shanghai200240 China School of Electrical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing210096 China Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Distributed Generations and Microgrid Technology State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Research Institute Hangzhou310014 China Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process Ministry of Education East China University of Science and Technology China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Illinois Institute of Technology ChicagoIL60616 United States

This paper proposes a Risk-Averse Just-In-Time (RAJIT) operation scheme for Ammonia-Hydrogen-based Micro-Grids (AHMGs) to boost electricity-hydrogen-ammonia coupling under uncertainties. First, an off-grid AHMG model is developed, featuring a novel multi-mode ammonia synthesis process and a hydrogen-ammonia dual gas turbine with tunable feed-in ratios. Subsequently, a state-behavior mapping strategy linking hydrogen storage levels with the operation modes of ammonia synthesis is established to prevent cost-ineffective shutdowns. The proposed model substantially improves operational flexibility but results in a challenging nonlinear fractional program. Based upon this model, a data-driven RAJIT scheme is developed for the real-time rolling optimization of AHMGs. Unlike conventional one-size-fits-all schemes using one optimization method throughout, the data-driven RAJIT intelligently switches between cost-effective deterministic optimization and risk-averse online-learning distributionally robust optimization depending on actual risk profiles, thus capitalizing on the respective strengths of these two optimization methods. To facilitate the solution of the resulting nonlinear program, we develop an equivalent-reformulation-based solution methodology by leveraging a constraint-tightening technique. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed scheme guarantees safety and yields an overall cost reduction up to 14.6% compared with several state-of-the-art methods. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Ammonia

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Dynamic Pricing based Near-Optimal Resource Allocation for Elastic Edge Offloading

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IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2025年

作者： Xia, Yun Xue, Hai Zhang, Di Mumtaz, Shahid Xu, Xiaolong Rodrigues, Joel J. P. C. University of Shanghai for Science and Technology School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering Shanghai200093 China Zhengzhou University School of Electrical and Information Engineering Henan International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Health Information System National Telemedicine Center National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications Zhengzhou450001 China Nottingham Trent University Department of Engineering NottinghamNG1 4FQ United Kingdom Kyung Hee University Department of Electronic Engineering Gyeonggi-do Yongin-si17104 Korea Republic of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology School of Software Nanjing210044 China Amazonas State University Manaus Brazil

In mobile edge computing (MEC), task offloading can significantly reduce task execution latency and energy consumption of end user (EU). However, edge server (ES) resources are limited, necessitating efficient allocation to ensure the sustainable and healthy development for MEC system. In this paper, we propose a dynamic pricing mechanism based near-optimal resource allocation for elastic edge offloading. First, we construct a resource pricing model and accordingly develop the utility functions for both EU and ES, the optimal pricing model parameters are derived by optimizing the utility functions. In the meantime, our theoretical analysis reveals that the EU's utility function reaches a local maximum within the search range, but exhibits barely growth with increased resource allocation beyond this point. To this end, we further propose the Dynamic Inertia and Speed-Constrained particle swarm optimization (DISC-PSO) algorithm, which efficiently identifies the near-optimal resource allocation. Comprehensive simulation results validate the effectiveness of DISC-PSO algorithm, demonstrating that it significantly outperforms existing schemes by reducing the average number of iterations to reach a near-optimal solution by 86.88%, increasing the EU utility function value by 0.13%, and decreasing the variance of results by 96.78%. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mobile edge computing

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Analytical Method for Metasurface-Based Cloaking Under Arbitrary Oblique Illumination

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhang, Yi Fan, Haiyan Zhang, Yujie Ran, Lixin Ye, Dexin Chen, Xudong Laboratory of Applied Research on Electromagnetics Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117583 Singapore Department of Mechanical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong

The performance of antennas can severely deteriorate in the presence of adjacent electrically-large scatterers. In this work, we use a conducting hollow cylinder to shield the scatterer. The cylinder is shelled with single layer dielectric and electromagnetic metasurface. The scattering field analysis with respect to the surface impedance is derived. By optimizing the anisotropic impedance distribution, the scattering cross-section can be effectively reduced. The proposed method is valid for both TMz, TEz and non-TM/TE incident field. The accuracy and effectiveness of the method are verified by four cloaking scenarios in microwave regime. We demonstrate that with the surface impedance obtained by our method, a metasurface is designed with physical subwavelength structure. We also show a cloaking scenario under magnetic dipole radiation, which is closer to the case of a realistic antenna. This method can be further applied to cloaking tasks in terahertz and optical regimes. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Antennas

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Active-IRS-Enabled Energy-Efficiency Optimizations for UAV-Based 6G Mobile Wireless Networks

Active-IRS-Enabled Energy-Efficiency Optimizations for UAV-B...

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Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS)

作者： Fei Wang Xi Zhang Chongqing Key Laboratory of Non-linear Circuit and Intelligent Information Processing College of Electronic and Information Engineering Southwest University Chongqing China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Networking and Information Systems Laboratory Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

We propose the novel scheme to solve a multi-objective optimization problem over an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communications system to jointly minimize the energy consumption of the UAV and ground users (GUs). In particular, the UAV communicates with multiple GUs using active intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs), which can actively amplify and thus significantly enhance the strengths of reflected signals. We develop an energy minimization scheme based on the multi-objective hierarchical deep reinforcement learning (DRL), by decomposing the formulated optimization problem into two-layered subproblems. By solving the upper-level subproblem, we derive the optimal UAV trajectory and GUs scheduling strategies to minimize the UAV's energy consumption. By solving the lower-level subproblem, we obtain the IRS's phase shifts and amplification factors and GUs' transmit/receive beamforming to minimize the GUs' energy consumption. Finally, we validate and evaluate the proposed schemes through simulations, which show that the UAV's and GUs' energy consumption can be significantly reduced by using the active IRS, when the thermal noise powers at the IRS are much smaller than those at the UAV and GUs.

关键词： Energy consumption Communication systems Wireless networks Reinforcement learning Autonomous aerial vehicles Minimization Thermal noise

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Joint Secure and Covert Communications for Active STAR-RIS Assisted ISAC Systems

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IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2025年

作者： Guo, Liang Jia, Jie Mu, Xidong Liu, Yuanwei Chen, Jian Wang, Xingwei Northeastern University School of Computer Science and Engineering China Northeastern University Engineering Research Center of Security Technology of Complex Network System Ministry of Education China Northeastern University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image Ministry of Education Shenyang110819 China BelfastBT3 9DT United Kingdom Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering China

This paper investigates the design of jointly supporting physical layer security (PLS) and covert communications (CCs) in an active simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (a-STAR-RIS) assisted integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system. Due to the unified waveform design of ISAC signals, we consider a challenging scenario with two targets being suspicious attackers, where one warden target potentially detects the confidential transmission behavior of covert users and another eavesdropper target attempts to intercept the broadcasted confidential information of security users. We investigate the joint beamforming design at the base station (BS) and the a-STAR-RIS to achieve a high-quality sensing beampattern while meeting covertness and security communication requirements. (1) For the ideal scenario with perfect channel state information (CSI) and precise target locations, we propose an alternative optimization (AO) method to address the optimization problem involving highly coupled variables. Specifically, the optimal beamforming design at the BS is handled using the semi-definite relaxation (SDR) technique, while the beamforming design at the a-STAR-RIS is addressed through a penalty-based iterative algorithm. (2) A more practical case with uncertain target locations and imperfect CSI is considered to achieve a robust beamforming design, where the non-deterministic outage probability constraints are effectively transformed by employing the Bernstein-type inequality. Numerical results demonstrate the superiority of the a-STAR-RIS over the baseline cases and certify that the proposed algorithms can effectively balance the tradeoff among the sensing quality, covert and secure communication requirements. Besides, results also show that the proposed robust beamforming scheme can construct adequate sensing beampattern, even with imperfect CSI and uncertain target locations. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Beamforming

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How Much Reserve Fuel: Quantifying the Maximal Energy Cost of System Disturbances

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Padmanabhan, Ram Bakker, Craig Dinkar, Siddharth Abhijit Ornik, Melkior Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL United States National Security Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWA United States Department of Aerospace Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL United States Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL United States

Motivated by the design question of additional fuel needed to complete a task in an uncertain environment, this paper introduces metrics to quantify the maximal additional energy used by a control system in the presence of bounded disturbances when compared to a nominal, disturbance-free system. In particular, we consider the task of finite-time stabilization for a linear time-invariant system. We first derive the nominal energy required to achieve this task in a disturbance-free system, and then the worst-case energy over all feasible disturbances. The latter leads to an optimal control problem with a least-squares solution, and then an infinite-dimensional optimization problem where we derive an upper bound on the solution. The comparison of these energies is accomplished using additive and multiplicative metrics, and we derive analytical bounds on these metrics. Simulation examples on an ADMIRE fighter jet model demonstrate the practicability of these metrics, and their variation with the task hardness, a combination of the distance of the initial condition from the origin and the task completion time. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Least squares approximations

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Service Reservation and Pricing for Green Metaverses: A Stackelberg Game Approach

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Huang, Xumin Wu, Yuan Kang, Jiawen Nie, Jiangtian Zhong, Weifeng Kim, Dong In Xie, Shengli School of Automation Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City University of Macau China Department of Computer and Information Science University of Macau China School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon16419 Korea Republic of

Metaverse enables users to communicate, collaborate and socialize with each other through their digital avatars. Due to the spatio-temporal characteristics, co-located users are served well by performing their software components in a collaborative manner such that a Metaverse service provider (MSP) eliminates redundant data transmission and processing, ultimately reducing the total energy consumption. The energy-efficient service provision is crucial for enabling the green and sustainable Metaverse. In this article, we take an augmented reality (AR) application as an example to achieve this goal. Moreover, we study an economic issue on how the users reserve offloading services from the MSP and how the MSP determines an optimal charging price since each user is rational to decide whether to accept the offloading service by taking into account the monetary cost. A single-leader multi-follower Stackelberg game is formulated between the MSP and users while each user optimizes an offloading probability to minimize the weighted sum of time, energy consumption and monetary cost. Numerical results show that our scheme achieves energy savings and satisfies individual rationality simultaneously compared with the conventional schemes. Finally, we identify and discuss open directions on how several emerging technologies are combined with the sustainable green Metaverse. © 2023, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Energy utilization

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Comparative Study of the Resolution of Ge-on-Si Photodetectors for $1\ \mu \mathrm{m}$ Infrared Signals

Comparative Study of the Resolution of Ge-on-Si Photodetecto...

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On-Line Conference (ONCON), Industrial Electronics Society Annual

作者： Mojtaba Jahangiri Paolo Sberna Amir Sammak Stoyan Nihtianov Department of Microelectronics Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands QuTech and Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) Delft The Netherlands

Most of the studies on narrow-band near-infrared detection reported so far are related to the $\mathbf{1}.\mathbf{3}\ \boldsymbol{\mu}\mathbf{m}$ and $\mathbf{1}.\mathbf{55}\ \boldsymbol{\mu}\mathbf{m}$ spectral windows. There is insufficient research work done on radiation detection in the narrow band around $1 \mu\mathrm{m}$ wavelength, which is just outside the Si $(\mathbf{0}.\mathbf{95}\ \boldsymbol{\mu} \mathbf{m})$ and GaAs $(\mathbf{0}.\mathbf{85}\ \boldsymbol{\mu} \mathbf{m})$ effective cut-off spectral sensitivity. This paper presents a p + n Ge-on-Si detector with a customized large active window, employing the PureGaB technology, to detect radiation in a very narrow band around $\mathbf{1}\ \boldsymbol{\mu} \mathbf{m}$ . The advantages of the proposed detector are: (1) CMOS-compatibility and micro-spectroscopic capability; (2) low dark current and high photoresponsivity, compared to similar devices reported in the literature; (3) enhanced sensitivity to weak radiation by realizing an ultra-shallow and very thin depletion region. These detectors can be good candidates for measuring the YAG laser radiation and measuring stray radiation in photolithography.

关键词： Industrial electronics Sensitivity Semiconductor lasers Current measurement Lithography Gallium arsenide Detectors

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Modeling a Sliding Window Decoder for Spatially Coupled LDPC Codes

Modeling a Sliding Window Decoder for Spatially Coupled LDPC...

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2021 IEEE Globecom Workshops, GC Wkshps 2021

作者： Zhu, Min Mitchell, David G. M. Lentmaier, Michael Costello, Daniel J. Xidian University State Key Laboratory of ISN Xi'an China New Mexico State University Klipsch School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Las CrucesNM United States Lund University Department of Electrical and Information Technology Lund Sweden University of Notre Dame Department of Electrical Engineering Notre DameIN United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665423908

Due to their capacity achieving performance with sliding window decoding (SWD), spatially coupled LDPC (SC-LDPC) codes are emerging as candidates for next generation channel coding applications. In this paper we present a general model of SWD of SC-LDPC codes and develop an analysis that allows us to estimate error probability performance under decoder error propagation conditions that can occur when low latency operation is desired. We also show how the model parameters can be estimated and indicate how the model can be used to predict the performance of code doping techniques used to mitigate the effects of decoder error propagation. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Decoding

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