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Bonding and Failure Mechanisms of Sintered-silver Die-attach on Electroless Nickel (Phosphorus) Surface Finish for Packaging Power Electronics Modules

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IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 2024年第9期40卷 13086-13098页

作者： Wang, Meiyu Zhang, Haobo Hu, Weibo Mei, Yunhui Lu, Guo-Quan Nankai University College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering Tianjin300350 China Shenzhen research institute of Nankai University Shenzhen518083 China Nankai University Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology Tianjin300350 China Tiangong University School of Electrical Engineering Tianjin300387 China The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Department of Materials Science and Engineering BlacksburgVA24061 United States

The low-temperature silver sintering technology has been increasingly applied for die-attach in power electronics modules. Most reported studies of the technology involved bonding on silver (Ag) or gold (Au) surface finish. Compared to Ag or Au, electroless nickel (phosphorus) or Ni(P) is a cost-effective and widely-used process for surface-finishing module substrates. However, there is a lack of studies on sintered-Ag bonding on the Ni(P) surface. In this study, IGBT devices were bonded using pressureless Ag-sintering on electroless Ni(P)-plated substrates. Micro-morphologies and macro-properties were then characterized before and after three reliability tests including high temperature storage life (HTSL), steady-state temperature-humidity bias life (STHBL), and temperature cycling (TC) tests. The as-sintered joints measured strong adhesion of 39 MPa, resulting from Ag-NiO-Ni chemical bonds across the (111) crystal planes with reduced lattice misfit. The Ag-Ni(P) joints exhibited high reliability under high-temperature and thermo-mechanical stress in the HTSL and TC tests, but performed poorly when exposed to high humidity in the STHBL test. The founding in this study helps understand the physical nature of bonding between sintered-Ag and Ni(P), and its failure mechanisms under the influence of different physical stresses. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Bond strength (chemical)

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A Comparative Study of DeepLabCut and Other Open-Source Pupillometry Data Analysis Algorithms – Which to Choose?

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Machine Graphics and Vision 2024年第2期33卷 77-90页

作者： Badkul, Amitesh Mishra, Sonakshi Kommajosyula, Srinivasa P. Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Birla Institute of Technology and Science Hyderabad Campus Jawahar Nagar Hyderabad India Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science Hyderabad Campus Jawahar Nagar Hyderabad India Ph.D. Program in Computer Science The Graduate Center The City University of New York New YorkNY United States

Pupillometry measures pupil size, and several open-source algorithms are available to analyse pupillometry data. However, only a few studies compared these algorithms’ accuracy and computational resources. This study aims to compare the accuracy of computer vision-based algorithms (Swirski, Starburst, PuRe, ElSe, ExCuSe algorithms) and the machine learning algorithm, DeepLabCut, to the double-blinded human examiners (gold-standard). Training of DeepLabCut with different architectures and a variable number of markers (2-9 markers) was done on an open-source dataset. The duration of training was statistically longer for the ResNet152 model compared to the MobileNet model. The pupil diameters in computer vision-based software such as PuRe, Starburst, and Swirski were statistically different from human measurements. MobileNet 2 and 3 marker models were the closest to the human measurements. In conclusion, this work highlights the efficiency of lower marker models based on MobileNet architecture in DeepLabCut, which consumes fewer computational resources and is more accurate. © 2024 Institute of Information Technology, Warsaw University of Life sciences - SGGW. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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Electrogelated drug-embedded silk/gelatin/rGO degradable electrode for anti-inflammatory applications in brain-implant systems

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Journal of materials Chemistry B 2024年第5期12卷 1361-1371页

作者： Lin, Zhen-Kai Lin, Jing-Syu Chen, Zih-Huei Cheng, Hung-Wei Huang, Wei-Chen Chen, San-Yuan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science China Medical University Taichung Taiwan School of Dentistry College of Dental Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan

Implantable electrodes have raised great interest over the last years with the increasing incidence of neurodegenerative disorders. For brain implant devices, some key factors resulting in the formation of glial scars, such as mechanical mismatch and acute injury-induced inflammation, should be considered for material design. Therefore, in this study, a new biocompatible flexible electrode (e-SgG) with arbitrary shapes on a positive electrode was developed via electrogelation by applying a direct electrical voltage on a silk fibroin/gelatin/reduced graphene oxide composite hydrogel. The implantable flexible e-SgG-2 film with 1.23% rGO content showed high Young's modulus (11-150 MPa), which was sufficient for penetration under dried conditions but subsequently became a biomimetic brain tissue with low Young's modulus (50-3200 kPa) after insertion in the brain. At the same time, an anti-inflammatory drug (DEX) incorporated into the e-SgG-2 film can be electrically stimulated to exhibit two-stage release to overcome tissue inflammation during cyclic voltammetry via degradation by applying an AC field. The results of cell response to the SF/gelatin/rGO/DEX composite film showed that the released DEX could interrupt astrocyte growth to reduce the inflammatory response but showed non-toxicity toward neurons, which demonstrated a great potential for the application of the biocompatible and degradable e-SgG-D electrodes in the improvement of nerve tissue repair. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry

关键词： Electrodes

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Improving Constant Power Flux Weakening in MnBi Interior Permanent Magnet Traction Motors

Improving Constant Power Flux Weakening in MnBi Interior Per...

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2023 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2023

作者： Brody, Ryan Ohodnicki, Paul Ghosh, Mohendro K. Grainger, Brandon University of Pittsburgh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering PittsburghPA United States University of Pittsburgh Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science PittsburghPA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316445

Interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) using Neodymium Iron Boron (NdFeB) permanent magnets (PMs) dominate in applications, like in electric vehicles (EVs), which require high torque density, high power density, and high efficiency while maintaining reasonable cost and manufacturability. However, extraordinary price volatility of rare-earth (RE) elements in NdFeB PMs has led to an effort to develop low cost, RE-free PMs that outperform ferrites (the best existing alternative). Because of its high coercivity (Hc) at high temperatures and relatively low cost with reduced price volatility, manganese bismuth (MnBi) based PMs have attracted attention despite a remanent flux density (Br) closer to those of ferrites. Lower Br reduces short circuit current thus reducing constant power speed ratio (CPSR) when directly replacing NdFeB in reference designs with MnBi. This paper reviews why CPSR lowers when doing so but then shows that redesigning the rotor using a segmented PM-assisted synchronous reluctance motor (PMASynRM) topology with MnBi can improve CPSR. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Constant Power Speed Ratio Electric Transportation Flux Weakening Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Manganese Bismuth Motor Design Rare Earth (RE) Free

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Distributed Temperature Monitoring of Tundish Refractory Lining Using Optical Fiber Sensors

Distributed Temperature Monitoring of Tundish Refractory Lin...

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AISTech 2023 Iron and Steel Technology Conference and Exposition

作者： Tekle, Hanok Roman, Muhammad Gerald, Rex E. O’Malley, Ronald Huang, Jie Sander, Todd Smith, Jeffrey D. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Missouri University of Science and Technology RollaMO65409 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Missouri University of Science and Technology RollaMO65409 United States

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Broadband continuous supersymmetric transformation:a new paradigm for transformation optics

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eLight 2022年第1期2卷 203-212页

作者： Jieun Yim Nitish Chandra Xilin Feng Zihe Gao Shuang Wu Tianwei Wu Haoqi Zhao Natalia M.Litchinitser Liang Feng Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA.

Transformation optics has formulated a versatile framework to mold the flow of light and tailor its spatial characteristics at *** its huge success in bringing scientific fiction(such as invisibility cloaking)into reality,the coordinate transformation often yields extreme material parameters unfeasible even with ***,we demonstrate a new transformation paradigm based upon the invariance of the eigenspectra of the Hamiltonian of a physical system,enabled by *** creating a gradient-index metamaterial to control the local index variation in a family of isospectral optical potentials,we demonstrate broadband continuous supersymmetric transformation in optics,on a silicon chip,to simultaneously transform the transverse spatial characteristics of multiple optical states for arbitrary steering and switching of light *** a novel synergy of symmetry physics and metamaterials,our work provides an adaptable strategy to conveniently tame the flow of light with full exploitation of its spatial degree of freedom.

关键词： Supersymmetry Transformation optics Metamaterials Integrated photonics

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Offsets Reconstruction Method for Clock Skew Measurement Over High-Jitter Communication

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SN computer science 2025年第5期6卷 1-14页

作者： Sastra, Nyoman Putra Saputra, Komang Oka Teng, Wei-Chung Study Program of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Udayana University Jalan Raya Kampus Bukit Jimbaran Bali Badung 80361 Indonesia Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology No. 43 Section 4 Keelung Rd Taipei 106 China

Measuring clock skew of devices over a network fully relies on the offsets, the differences between sending and receiving times. Offsets that shape a thick line are the most ideal one as their slope is directly the clock skew sought. When some outliers separate from the thick line due to higher delay jitter, current advanced approaches use the lower bound or the majority of offsets to derive accurate clock skew. However, outliers in offsets that shape parallel dotted lines, reduce the availability of offsets in the lower region, and scatter widely the offsets from their majority zone. These conditions drive the current skew estimation approaches to lose their accuracy. This paper then developed a new method, which reconstructs back the outliers into their origin positions, in order to provide ideal offsets for clock skew measurement. The experimental evaluations have demonstrated that the clock skew accuracy of dotted-lines offsets tampered by outliers was improved from 2.1 to 0.9 ppm by the proposed reconstruction method. For a broader purpose, the reconstruction method has been adjusted to be implemented also on non-dotted-lines offsets. The robustness of the proposed method for this case has also been exhibited by the very ideal reconstructed offsets that shape like a thick line. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Clock skew Delay jitter Dotted lines Hough transform

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Fiber-Optic Raman Probe for On-line EAF Slag Analysis

Fiber-Optic Raman Probe for On-line EAF Slag Analysis

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AISTech 2023 Iron and Steel Technology Conference and Exposition

作者： Zhang, Bohong Tekle, Hanok O’Malley, Ronald J. Sander, Todd Smith, Jeffrey D. Bartlett, Laura Mumtaz, Farhan Gerald, Rex E. Huang, Jie Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Missouri University of Science and Technology RollaMO65409 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Missouri University of Science and Technology RollaMO65409 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780930767211

In Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) steelmaking, the push for improved efficiency requires accurate analysis of the chemical composition of its slag system to control slag foaming, provide refractory protection, and maintain high furnace iron yield. Therefore, the ability to obtain real-time slag chemistry data would provide a useful tool to improve the control and efficiency of the process. The work reported here aims to assess the structure and chemistry of EAF slags at high temperatures using a portable fiber-optic Raman probe. The ability to relate Raman spectra peaks to chemistry and structure is demonstrated in experimental result with EAF slags at 1550°C. © 2023 by the Association for Iron & Steel Technology.

关键词： Alkalinity

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Atomic-Level Insights into the Radiation Damage and Recovery of β-Ga2O3 for High-performance Semiconductors

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Microscopy and microanalysis : the official journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada 2023年第1期29卷 1472-1473页

作者： Huang, Hsien-Lien Chae, Christopher Johnson, Jared M. Senckowski, Alexander Sharma, Shivam Singisetti, Uttam Wong, Man Hoi Hwang, Jinwoo Department of Materials Science and Engineering Ohio State University Columbus OH United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA United States Electrical Engineering Department University at Buffalo Buffalo NY United States

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A Graph Neural Network Multi-Task Learning-Based Approach for Detection and Localization of Cyberattacks in Smart Grids 48

A Graph Neural Network Multi-Task Learning-Based Approach fo...

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48th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2023

作者： Takiddin, Abdulrahman Atat, Rachad Ismail, Muhammad Davis, Katherine Serpedin, Erchin Texas A and M University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College StationTX United States Texas A and M University at Qatar Electrical and Computer Engineering Program Doha Qatar Tennessee Technological University Department of Computer Science CookevilleTN United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781728163277

False data injection attacks (FDIAs) on smart power grids' measurement data present a threat to system stability. When malicious entities launch cyberattacks to manipulate the measurement data, different grid components will be affected, which leads to failures. For effective attack mitigation, two tasks are required: determining the status of the system (normal operation/under attack) and localizing the attacked bus/power substation. Existing mitigation techniques carry out these tasks separately and offer limited detection performance. In this paper, we propose a multi-Task learning-based approach that performs both tasks simultaneously using a graph neural network (GNN) with stacked convolutional Chebyshev graph layers. Our results show that the proposed model presents superior system status identification and attack localization abilities with detection rates of 98.5-100% and 99-100%, respectively, presenting improvements of 5-30% compared to benchmarks. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Smart power grids

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