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arXiv 2020年

作者： Lei, Chon Lok Ghosh, Sanmitra Whittaker, Dominic G. Aboelkassem, Yasser Beattie, Kylie A. Cantwell, Chris D. Delhaas, Tammo Houston, Charles Novaes, Gustavo Montes Panfilov, Alexander V. Pathmanathan, Pras Riabiz, Marina Weber dos Santos, Rodrigo Worden, Keith Mirams, Gary R. Wilkinson, Richard D. Computational Biology & Health Informatics Dept. of Computer Science University of Oxford United Kingdom MRC Biostatistics Unit University of Cambridge United Kingdom Centre for Mathematical Medicine & Biology School of Mathematical Sciences University of Nottingham United Kingdom Department of Bioengineering University of California San Diego United States Systems Modeling and Translational Biology GlaxoSmithKline R&D Stevenage United Kingdom ElectroCardioMaths Programme Centre for Cardiac Engineering Imperial College London United Kingdom CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht University Netherlands Graduate Program in Computational Modeling Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora Brazil Department of Physics and Astronomy Ghent University Belgium Laboratory of Computational Biology and Medicine Ural Federal University Ekaterinburg Russia U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Devices and Radiological Health Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories United States Department of Biomedical Engineering King’s College London Alan Turing Institute United Kingdom Dynamics Research Group Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Sheffield United Kingdom School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Sheffield United Kingdom

Uncertainty quantification (UQ) is a vital step in using mathematical models and simulations to take decisions. The field of cardiac simulation has begun to explore and adopt UQ methods to characterise uncertainty in model inputs and how that propagates through to outputs or predictions. In this perspective piece we draw attention to an important and under-addressed source of uncertainty in our predictions — that of uncertainty in the model structure or the equations themselves. The difference between imperfect models and reality is termed model discrepancy, and we are often uncertain as to the size and consequences of this discrepancy. Here we provide two examples of the consequences of discrepancy when calibrating models at the ion channel and action potential scales. Furthermore, we attempt to account for this discrepancy when calibrating and validating an ion channel model using different methods, based on modelling the discrepancy using Gaussian processes (GPs) and autoregressive-moving-average (ARMA) models, then highlight the advantages and shortcomings of each approach. Finally, suggestions and lines of enquiry for future work are provided. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Uncertainty analysis

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CHAOS Challenge - Combined (CT-MR) healthy abdominal organ segmentation

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Kavur, A. Emre Gezer, N. Sinem Barış, Mustafa Conze, Pierre-Henri Groza, Vladimir Pham, Duc Duy Chatterjee, Soumick Ernst, Philipp Özkan, Savaş Baydar, Bora Lachinov, Dmitry Han, Shuo Pauli, Josef Isensee, Fabian Perkonigg, Matthias Sathish, Rachana Rajan, Ronnie Aslan, Sinem Sheet, Debdoot Dovletov, Gurbandurdy Speck, Oliver Nürnberger, Andreas Maier-Hein, Klaus H. Akar, Gözde Bozdagı Ünal, Gözde Dicle, Oguz Selver, M. Alper Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Dokuz Eylul University Izmir Turkey Department of Radiology Faculty Of Medicine Dokuz Eylul University Izmir Turkey Dept. of Ophthalmology and Optometry Medical Uni. of Vienna Austria Intelligent Systems Faculty of Engineering University of Duisburg-Essen Germany Division of Medical Image Computing German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany CIR Lab Dept of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy Medical Uni. of Vienna Austria IMT Atlantique LaTIM UMR 1101 Brest France Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Middle East Technical University Ankara Turkey Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India School of Medical Science and Technology Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India Ca’ Foscari University of Venice ECLT DAIS Venice Italy Ege University International Computer Institute Izmir Turkey Johns Hopkins University Baltimore United States Data and Knowledge Engineering Group Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg Germany Magnetic Resonance Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg Germany Median Technologies Valbonne France Department of Computer Engineering Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dokuz Eylul University Izmir Turkey

—Segmentation of abdominal organs has been a comprehensive, yet unresolved, research field for many years. In the last decade, intensive developments in deep learning (DL) have introduced new state-of-the-art segmentation systems. Despite outperforming the overall accuracy of existing systems, the effects of DL model properties and parameters on the performance is hard to interpret. This makes comparative analysis a necessary tool to achieve explainable studies and systems. Moreover, the performance of DL for emerging learning approaches such as cross-modality and multi-modal tasks have been rarely discussed. In order to expand the knowledge in these topics, CHAOS – Combined (CT-MR) Healthy Abdominal Organ Segmentation challenge has been organized in the IEEE International Symposium on biomedical Imaging (ISBI), 2019, in Venice, Italy. Despite a large number of the previous abdomen related challenges, the majority of which are focused on tumor/lesion detection and/or classification with a single modality, CHAOS providesboth abdominal CT and MR data from healthy subjects. Five different and complementary tasks have been designed to analyze the capabilities of the current approaches from multiple perspectives. The results are investigated thoroughly, compared with manual annotations and interactive methods. The outcomes are reported in detail to reflect the latest advancements in the field. CHAOS challenge and data will be available online to provide a continuous benchmark resource for segmentation. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Medical imaging

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Rare SLC13A1 variants associate with intervertebral disc disorder highlighting role of sulfate in disc pathology (vol 13, 634, 2022)

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NATURE COMMUNICATIONS 2022年第1期13卷 1-13页

作者： Bjornsdottir, Gyda Stefansdottir, Lilja Thorleifsson, Gudmar Sulem, Patrick Norland, Kristjan Ferkingstad, Egil Oddsson, Asmundur Zink, Florian Lund, Sigrun H. Nawaz, Muhammad S. Walters, G. Bragi Skuladottir, Astros Th. Gudjonsson, Sigurjon A. Einarsson, Gudmundur Halldorsson, Gisli H. Bjarnadottir, Valgerdur Sveinbjornsson, Gardar Helgadottir, Anna Styrkarsdottir, Unnur Gudmundsson, Larus J. Pedersen, Ole B. Hansen, Thomas Folkmann Werge, Thomas Banasik, Karina Troelsen, Anders Skou, Soren T. Thorner, Lise Wegner Erikstrup, Christian Nielsen, Kaspar Rene Mikkelsen, Susan Jonsdottir, Ingileif Bjornsson, Aron Olafsson, Ingvar H. Ulfarsson, Elfar Blondal, Josep Vikingsson, Arnor Brunak, Soren Ostrowski, Sisse R. Ullum, Henrik Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur Stefansson, Hreinn Gudbjartsson, Daniel F. Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir E. Stefansson, Kari deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc. Reykjavik Iceland Faculty of Medicine School of Health Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland School of Engineering and Natural Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland Landspitali University Hospital Reykjavik Iceland Department of Clinical Immunology Zealand University Hospital Køge Denmark Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Institute of Biological Psychiatry Mental Health Services Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark Lundbeck Foundation for GeoGenetics GLOBE Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Department of Orthopaedic Surgery CAG ROAD—Research OsteoArthritis Denmark Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre Denmark Department of Clinical Immunology Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark Danish Headache Center Dept. Neurology Rigshospitalet-Glostrup Glostrup Denmark Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark The Research Unit PROgrez Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals Næstved Denmark Department of Clinical Immunology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark Department of Clinical Immunology Aalborg University Hospital Aalborg Denmark Department of Neurosurgery Landspitali University Hospital Reykjavik Iceland Health Care Institution of West Iceland Stykkisholmur Iceland Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Department of Finance Copenhagen Business School Copenhagen Denmark Department of Clinical Neurophysiology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Department of Biomedicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark Department of Clinical Immunology Odense Univ

Back pain is a common and debilitating disorder with largely unknown underlying biology. Here we report a genome-wide association study of back pain using diagnoses assigned in clinical practice; dorsalgia (119,100 cases, 909,847 controls) and intervertebral disc disorder (IDD) (58,854 cases, 922,958 controls). We identify 41 variants at 33 loci. The most significant association (ORIDD= 0.92,P= 1.6 × 10−39; ORdorsalgia= 0.92,P= 7.2 × 10−15) is with a 3’UTR variant (rs1871452-T) inCHST3, encoding a sulfotransferase enzyme expressed in intervertebral discs. The largest effects on IDD are conferred by rare (MAF = 0.07 − 0.32%) loss-of-function (LoF) variants inSLC13A1, encoding a sodium-sulfate co-transporter (LoF burden OR = 1.44,P= 3.1 × 10−11); variants that also associate with reduced serum sulfate. Genes implicated by this study are involved in cartilage and bone biology, as well as neurological and inflammatory processes.

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Tethered balloon technology for green communication in smart cities and healthy environment

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Alsamhi, S.H. Ansari, Mohd Samar Zhao, Liang Van, Sau Nguyen Gupta, S.K. Alammari, Amr A. Saber, Akram Hatem Hebah, Mohammed Y.A.M. Alasali, Marwan Ahmed Abdullah Aljabali, Hasan Mohsen Najim, Mohd Srivastava, Ashutosh Dept. of Electronics Engineering IBB University Yemen Aligarh Muslim University India Software Research Institute Athlone Institute of Technology Athlone Ireland School of Computer Science Shenyang Aerospace university Shenyang China Biomedical of Information Technology Shenzhen Insitutes of Advanced Technology UCAS Shenzhen China School of Electronics and Communication Engineering Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University Katra India Department of Electronics Engineering Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India Department of Electrical Engineering Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering University of Jaddah Jaddah Saudi Arabia Varanasi India

The development and adopting of advanced communication technologies provide mobile users more convenience to connect any wireless network anytime and anywhere. Therefore, a large number of base stations (BS) are demanded keeping users connectivity, enhancing network capacity, and guarantee a sustained users Quality of Experiences (QoS). However, increasing the number of BS leads to an increase in the ecological ad radiation hazards. In order to green communication, many factors should be taken into consideration, i.e., saving energy, guarantee QoS, and reducing pollution hazards. Therefore, we propose tethered balloon technology that can replace a large number of BS and reduce ecological and radiation hazards due to its high altitude and feasible green and healthy broadband communication. The main contribution of this paper is to deploy tethered balloon technology at different altitude and measure the power density. Furthermore, we evaluate the measurement of power density from different height of tethered balloon comparison with traditional wireless communication technologies. The simulation results showed that tethered balloon technology can deliver green communication effectively and efficiently without any hazardous impacts. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ecology

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Remote blind state preparation with weak coherent pulses in field

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Jiang, Yang-Fan Wei, Kejin Huang, Liang Xu, Ke Sun, Qi-Chao Zhang, Yu-Zhe Zhang, Weijun Li, Hao You, Lixing Wang, Zhen Lo, Hoi-Kwong Xu, Feihu Zhang, Qiang Pan, Jian-Wei Shanghai Branch National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China Shanghai201315 China Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui230026 China Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering Dept. of Physics University of Toronto TorontoONM5S 3G4 Canada State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200050 China

Quantum computing has seen tremendous progress in the past years. Due to the implementation complexity and cost, the future path of quantum computation is strongly believed to delegate computational tasks to powerful quantum servers on cloud. Universal blind quantum computing (UBQC) provides the protocol for the secure delegation of arbitrary quantum computations, and it has received significant attention. However, a great challenge in UBQC is how to transmit quantum state over long distance securely and reliably. Here, we solve this challenge by proposing a resource-efficient remote blind qubit preparation (RBQP) protocol with weak coherent pulses for the client to produce, using a compact and low-cost laser. We experimentally verify a key step of RBQP - quantum non-demolition measurement - in the field test over 100-km fiber. Our experiment uses a quantum teleportation setup in telecom wavelength and generates 1000 secure qubits with an average fidelity of (86.9 ± 1.5)%, which exceeds the quantum no-cloning fidelity of equatorial qubit states. The results prove the feasibility of UBQC over long distances, and thus serving as a key milestone towards secure cloud quantum computing. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Qubits

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DRIVE: Discovery seRvice for fully-Integrated 5G enVironmEnt in the IoT

DRIVE: Discovery seRvice for fully-Integrated 5G enVironmEnt...

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IEEE International Workshop on computer Aided Modeling and Design of Communication Links and Networks

作者： Paolo Bellavista Luca Foschini Domenico Scotece Kyriaki Karypidou Periklis Chatzimisios Computer Science and Engineering Dept. (DISI) University of Bologna Viale del Risorgimento Bologna Italy Department of Informatics Alexander TEI of Thessaloniki & CSSN Research Lab Thessaloniki Greece

A lot of research is being carried out about Internet of Things (IoT) and in the following years it will emerge more and more in our lives. Furthermore, with the advent of future fully-integrated 5G networks, new constraints need to be satisfied such as ultra-reliability and low-latency. With the help of Fog computing and the Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) framework, services can be offered to the end users in a fast and practical way. Our work presents DRIVE a framework for service discovery in a 5G environment. However, in order to guarantee dynamic distribution and best management of services, we plan to deploy those services as container (e.g. Docker container). Moreover, we propose distribution of edge services at three different layer of communication: Application, Service, and Communication Layer. Given the above considerations, we propose an edge node, placed at the edge of network, that acts as the "brain" and take over the computation. The main innovative elements of the proposed framework, compared to the existing literature, include the possibility to select the working layer, the dynamic reconfiguration of the edge node and the field experimental results about the performance achieved by our solution over rapidly deployable environments with resource-limited edge nodes such as Raspberry Pi devices.

关键词： IoT Fog Computing MEC 5G Service Discovery Raspberry Pi

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Unsupervised detection of epileptic seizures from EEG signals: A channel-specific analysis of long-term recordings

Unsupervised detection of epileptic seizures from EEG signal...

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2018 IEEE EMBS International Conference on biomedical and Health informatics, BHI 2018

作者： Tsiouris, Kostas M. Konitsiotis, Spiros Markoula, Sofia Rigas, Georgios Koutsouris, Dimitrios D. Fotiadis, Dimitrios I. Biomedical Engineering Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens AthensGR15773 Greece Department of Neurology Medical School University of Ioannina IoanninaGR45110 Greece University Hospital of Ioannina IoanninaGR45110 Greece Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems Dept. of Material Science and Engineering University of Ioannina IoanninaGR45110 Greece Department of Biomedical Research Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology FORTH University of Ioannina IoanninaGR45110 Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9781538624050

As long-term EEG recordings are becoming more and more frequent in clinical practice, the volume of EEG data that require annotation by clinical experts is growing exponentially, highlighting the need for automated epileptic seizure detection systems. Supervised methodologies based on machine learning techniques have been proposed as a solution, but they require annotated EEG data from multiple patients for training, while unsupervised methodologies, which do not have such limitations, are scarce in the literature. Thus, an unsupervised seizure detection methodology is developed to offer high seizure detection performance with substantial reduction in the time and effort required to inspect large volumes of EEG signals. The ictal rhythmical activity is detected by analyzing the spectral information of each EEG channel independently in order to find intensive accumulation of signal energy over the fundamental delta, theta and alpha frequency bands. The ictal rhythmical activity that is expressed during a seizure is detected using a set of four simple seizure detection conditions. The proposed methodology is validated using the public CHB-MIT EEG database, and the results suggest that an average sensitivity of 95.1% can be obtained with a false detection rate of 10.13 FP/h, while 95% of the each patient's EEG recordings is automatically rejected as non-ictal. © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： Neurophysiology

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Not-so-supervised: A survey of semi-supervised, multi-instance, and transfer learning in medical image analysis

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Cheplygina, Veronika De Bruijne, Marleen Pluim, Josien P.W. Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam Depts. Radiology and Medical Informatics Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam Medical Image Analysis Dept. Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Image Sciences Institute University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht Image Section Dept. Computer Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark

Machine learning (ML) algorithms have made a tremendous impact in the field of medical imaging. While medical imaging datasets have been growing in size, a challenge for supervised ML algorithms that is frequently mentioned is the lack of annotated data. As a result, various methods that can learn with less/other types of supervision, have been proposed. We give an overview of semi-supervised, multiple instance, and transfer learning in medical imaging, both in diagnosis or segmentation tasks. We also discuss connections between these learning scenarios, and opportunities for future research. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Medical imaging

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Kiloparsec-scale imaging of the CO(1-0)-traced cold molecular gas reservoir in a z∼3.4 submillimeter galaxy

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Castillo, Marta Frias Rybak, Matus Hodge, Jacqueline van der Werf, Paul Riechers, Dominik A. Vieira, Daniel Rivera, Gabriela Calistro Martínez-Ramírez, Laura N. Walter, Fabian de Blok, Erwin Narayanan, Desika Wagg, Jeff Leiden Observatory Leiden University Niels Bohrweg 2 Leiden2333 CA Netherlands Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands I. Physikalisches Institut Universität zu Köln Zülpicher Strasse 77 KölnD-50937 Germany Department of Astronomy Cornell University Space Sciences Building IthacaNY14853 United States Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2 Garching bei München 85748 Germany Instituto de Astrofísica Facultad de Física Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Av. Vicuna Mackenna 4860 Macul Santiago782-0436 Chile Escuela de Física Universidad Industrial de Santander Bucaramanga680002 Colombia Max Planck Institute for Astronomy Königstuhl 17 Heidelberg 69117 Germany National Radio Astronomy Observatory Pete V. Domenici Array Science Center P.O. Box O SocorroNM87801 United States Postbus 2 Dwingeloo7990 AA Netherlands Dept. of Astronomy Univ. of Cape Town Private Bag X3 Rondebosch7701 South Africa Kapteyn Astronomical Institute University of Groningen Postbus 800 Groningen9700 AV Netherlands Department of Astronomy University of Florida 211 Bryant Space Sciences Center GainesvilleFL32611 United States University of Florida Informatics Institute 432 Newell Drive CISE Bldg E251 GainesvilleFL32611 United States Cosmic Dawn Center The Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen and DTU-Space Technical University of Denmark Denmark SKA Observatory Lower Withington Maccleseld CheshireSK11 9DL United Kingdom

We present a high-resolution study of the cold molecular gas as traced by CO(1-0) in the unlensed z∼3.4 submillimeter galaxy SMM J13120+4242, using multi-configuration observations with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA). The gas reservoir, imaged on 0.39" (∼3 kpc) scales, is resolved into two components separated by ∼11 kpc with a total extent of 16 ±3 kpc. Despite the large spatial extent of the reservoir, the observations show a CO(1-0) FWHM linewidth of only 267 ±64 km s−1. We derive a revised line luminosity of L'CO(1-0) = (10 ± 3) × 1010 K km s−1 pc2 and a molecular gas mass of Mgas = (13 ± 3) ×1010 (αCO/1) M☉. Despite the presence of a velocity gradient (consistent with previous resolved CO(6-5) imaging), the CO(1-0) imaging shows evidence for significant turbulent motions which are preventing the gas from fully settling into a disk. The system likely represents a merger in an advanced stage. Although the dynamical mass is highly uncertain, we use it to place an upper limit on the CO-to-H2 mass conversion factor αCO of 1.4. We revisit the SED fitting, finding that this galaxy lies on the very massive end of the main sequence at z=3.4. Based on the low gas fraction, short gas depletion time and evidence for a central AGN, we propose that SMM J13120 is in a rapid transitional phase between a merger-driven starburst and an unobscured quasar. The case of SMM J13120 highlights the how mergers may drive important physical changes in galaxies without pushing them off the main sequence. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Galaxies

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Symbol Emergence in Cognitive Developmental Systems: A Survey

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2018年

作者： Taniguchi, Tadahiro Ugur, Emre Hoffmann, Matej Jamone, Lorenzo Nagai, Takayuki Rosman, Benjamin Matsuka, Toshihiko Iwahashi, Naoto Oztop, Erhan Piater, Justus Wörgötter, Florentin College of Information Science and Engineering Ritsumeikan University 1-1-1 Noji Higashi Shiga Kusatsu525-8577 Japan Dept. of Computer Engineering Bogazici University Istanbul Turkey Dept. Cybernetics Faculty of Electrical Engineering Czech Technical University Prague Czech Republic School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London United Kingdom Faculty of Informatics and Engineering The University of Electro-communications Japan Mobile Intelligent Autonomous Systems The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research The School of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics The University of the Witwatersrand South Africa Department of Cognitive and Information Science Chiba University Japan Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering Okayama Prefectural University Japan Dept. of Computer Science Ozyegin University Istanbul Turkey The Dept. of Computer Science Universität Innsbruck Austria The Department for Computational Neuroscience The Bernstein Center of the University of Göttingen Inst. F. Physics Iii Germany

Humans use signs, e.g., sentences in a spoken language, for communication and thought. Hence, symbol systems like language are crucial for our communication with other agents and adaptation to our real-world environment. The symbol systems we use in our human society adaptively and dynamically change over time. In the context of artificial intelligence (AI) and cognitive systems, the symbol grounding problem has been regarded as one of the central problems related to symbols. However, the symbol grounding problem was originally posed to connect symbolic AI and sensorimotor information and did not consider many interdisciplinary phenomena in human communication and dynamic symbol systems in our society, which semiotics considered. In this paper, we focus on the symbol emergence problem, addressing not only cognitive dynamics but also the dynamics of symbol systems in society, rather than the symbol grounding problem. We first introduce the notion of a symbol in semiotics from the humanities, to leave the very narrow idea of symbols in symbolic AI. Furthermore, over the years, it became more and more clear that symbol emergence has to be regarded as a multifaceted problem. Therefore, secondly, we review the history of the symbol emergence problem in different fields, including both biological and artificial systems, showing their mutual relations. We summarize the discussion and provide an integrative viewpoint and comprehensive overview of symbol emergence in cognitive systems. Additionally, we describe the challenges facing the creation of cognitive systems that can be part of symbol emergence systems. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cognitive systems

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