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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： H. Knidel L. Nunes de Castro F.J. Von Zuben Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Bioinspired Computing-LBiC Department of Computer Engineering and Industrial Automation-DCA School of Electrical and Computer Engineering-FEEC State University of Campinas-UNICAMP Sao Paulo Brazil Graduate Program in Computer Science Catholic University of Santos Sao Paulo Brazil

This paper proposes a supervised version of a learning algorithm for a constructive neuro-immune network. The proposed methodology is developed by taking ideas from the immune system and learning vector quantization. The resulting classification algorithm is characterized by high-performance, similar to the ones produced by alternative methods in the literature, and parsimonious solutions, with a much smaller set of prototypes per class when compared with the other approaches. The number of prototypes is automatically defined by the convergence criterion. The algorithm requires a single user-defined parameter for training, associated with the convergence criterion, and the computational cost is sufficiently reduced to support applications involving large data sets.

关键词： Pattern classification Immune system Neurons Supervised learning Vector quantization Classification algorithms Prototypes Clustering algorithms Unsupervised learning Artificial neural networks

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Diamond Ultramicroelectrode Chemical Sensing Arrays

Diamond Ultramicroelectrode Chemical Sensing Arrays

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IEEE SENSORS

作者： W.P. Kang J.L. Davidson K.L. Soh Y.M. Wong D.E. Cliffel A.B. Bonds Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Interdisciplinary Program in Materials Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA

Diamond ultramicroelectrode arrays (D-UMEAs) have been fabricated and evaluated experimentally for chemical sensing. D-UMEAs were found to demonstrate higher current density per unit active area than planar diamond macroelectrode and glassy carbon electrode. D-UMEAs could address new operating envelopes in electrochemical detection, and provide stable sensor electrodes for bio and extreme environments.

关键词： Sensor arrays USA Councils Fabrication Microelectrodes Chemical sensors Envelope detectors Chemical and biological sensors Biosensors Biomedical electrodes Powders

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Show them nand gates and they will come

Show them nand gates and they will come

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113th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2006

作者： Barrett, Steven Hamann, Jerry Coon, Dennis Crips, Paul Pierre, John University of Wyoming United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wyoming United States IEEE Tau Beta Pi United States University of Wyoming Hewlett Foundation Engineering Schools of the West Initiative United States Engineering Summer Program Laramie Middle School United States United States Society of Student Astronomers Women in Science Forum U.S. Naval Academy and the American Meteorological Society United States ASEE Societies

Many universities and colleges are faced with declining numbers of potential engineering students. In Wyoming, this is due to a declining number of high school graduates as well as potential students not being aware of the engineering career field. We have met this challenge with a variety of awareness and recruiting programs. A common thread in these efforts is a hands-on laboratory program in digital design fundamentals. This program exposes students to the exciting world of engineering, Boolean logic, and fundamental design principles. This low cost program consists of a series of theory modules coupled with a hands-on laboratory component. We have purposely developed laboratory modules using low cost, readily available components and test equipment. This approach has been used for the past five years with a middle school girls program, science and engineering summer programs for high school juniors and seniors, K-12 teacher enrichment programs, and also freshmen orientation to electrical and computer engineering programs. In this paper we will describe the modular approach, the low cost laboratory exercises, and also the success of using this approach to attract students to careers in the engineering and science. © American Society for engineering Education, 2006.

关键词： engineering education

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Work Function of Cathode Emitter Materials Obtained by Ab-initio Quantum Mechanical Modeling

Work Function of Cathode Emitter Materials Obtained by Ab-in...

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International Conference on Vacuum Electronics

作者： V. Vlahos E.F. Holby A.K. Berta D.D. Morgan J.H. Booske University of Wisconsin Madison Madison WI USA 1415 Engineering Dr. Madison WI University of Wisconsin Madison USA Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program Madison WI Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin Madison USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Madison WI Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI USA

The work function of a material is a very important figure of merit in determining the material's applicability as an efficient electron emitter. Consequently, the work function of a variety of materials utilized in both thermionic and field-assisted cathodes for electron emission was investigated computationally using ab-initio quantum mechanical modeling methods based on the density functional theory (DFT) approach (Hohenberg and Kohm, 1964). This approach enables the detailed and self-consistent treatment of a system utilizing quantum mechanical principles and yields accurate information pertaining to its electronic properties. Of particular interest are cesium-iodide (CsI) coated carbon-based cathodes (Shiffler et al., 2004), which comprise a very promising class of cold field emitters capable of operating at low global electric fields. However, the exact origin of their enhanced emission properties is not clear, and a better understanding is necessary for further improvement and optimization of this technology. We apply ab-initio quantum mechanical modeling for understanding the origin of the fundamental emission mechanisms of this material system

关键词： Cathodes Quantum mechanics Quantum computing Atomic layer deposition Materials science and technology Thermionic emission Electron emission Density functional theory Convergence of numerical methods Slabs

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electrical Transport in Transparent Conducting Tin‐doped Indium Oxide Films

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2006年第1期850卷 1548-1549页

作者： S. S. Yeh J. Y. Lu M. W. Shiu J. J. Lin Institute of Physics National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Undergraduate Honor Program National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan Department of Electrophysics National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan

We have studied the temperature behavior of the electrical resistivities ρ(T) in a series of tin‐doped indium‐oxide films with different residual resistivities ρ0 varying from 218 to 568 μΩ cm. We found that the temperature dependence of ρ can be well described by the Bloch‐Grüneisen law from 300 K down to about 100 K. In particular, we observed that the strength of the electron‐phonon coupling, βBG (which characterizes a prefactor in the Bloch‐Grüneisen formula) increases linearly with increasing ρ0. This result is not understood in terms of current theoretical concept for electron‐phonon interaction in metals.

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Multiday Electrophysiological Recordings from Freely Behaving Primates

Multiday Electrophysiological Recordings from Freely Behavin...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Vikash Gilja Michael D. Linderman Gopal Santhanam Afsheen Afshar Stephen Ryu Teresa H. Meng Krishna V. Shenoy Department of Computer Science University of Stanford Stanford CA USA Department of Electrical Engineering University of Stanford Stanford CA USA School of Medicine University of Stanford Stanford CA USA Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University Stanford California USA Department of Neurosurgery Stanford University Stanford California USA Neurosciences Program Stanford University Stanford California USA

Continuous multiday broadband neural data provide a means for observing effects at fine timescales over long periods. In this paper we present analyses on such data sets to demonstrate neural correlates for physically active and inactive time periods, as defined by the response of a head-mounted accelerometer. During active periods, we found that 5-25 Hz local field potential (LFP) power was significantly reduced, firing rate variability increased, and firing rates have greater temporal correlation. Using a single threshold fit to LFP power, 93% of the 403 5 minute blocks tested were correctly classified as active or inactive (as labeled by thresholding each block's maximal accelerometer magnitude). These initial results motivate the use of such data sets for testing neural prosthetics systems and for finding the neural correlates of natural behaviors

关键词： Accelerometers Batteries Magnetic heads USA Councils Cities and towns Electrophysiology computer science Neurosurgery Data analysis Testing

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Quadruped robot obstacle negotiation via reinforcement learning

Quadruped robot obstacle negotiation via reinforcement learn...

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IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Honglak Lee Yirong Shen Chih-Han Yu G. Singh A.Y. Ng Stanford University Stanford CA US Department of Electrical Engineering University of Stanford Stanford CA USA Scientific Computing and Computational Mathematics Program University of Stanford Stanford CA USA Computer Science Department University of Stanford Stanford CA USA

Legged robots can, in principle, traverse a large variety of obstacles and terrains. In this paper, we describe a successful application of reinforcement learning to the problem of negotiating obstacles with a quadruped robot. Our algorithm is based on a two-level hierarchical decomposition of the task, in which the high-level controller selects the sequence of foot-placement positions, and the low-level controller generates the continuous motions to move each foot to the specified positions. The high-level controller uses an estimate of the value function to guide its search; this estimate is learned partially from supervised data. The low-level controller is obtained via policy search. We demonstrate that our robot can successfully climb over a variety of obstacles which were not seen at training time

关键词： Learning Robot kinematics Legged locomotion Foot Mobile robots Leg Motion control Robotics and automation Path planning computer science

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Swelling characterization of anionic acrylic acid hydrogel in an external electric field

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Iranian Polymer Journal (English Edition) 2006年第11期15卷 891-900页

作者： Tavakoli, Javad Jabbari, Esmaiel Khosroshahi, Mohammad Etrati Boroujerdi, Mina Biomaterial Group Bioengineering Faculty Amirkabir University of Technology P.O. Box: 15875/4413 Tehran Iran Department of Chemical Engineering South Carolina University Columbia 29208 United States Bioelectric Group Electrical and Computer Science Faculty Tehran University P.O. Box: 14395-515 Tehran Iran

A polymer gel is a cross-linked polymer which undergoes a reversible volume and/or sol-gel phase transition in response to physiological (temperature, pH and presence of ion in organism fluids) or other external (electric field, light) stimuli. In structurally soft gels, the motion of polymer network and the diffusion of ions easily take place by an external stimulus. A typical function of gel containing ionic groups is to swell under the influence of an electric field, making it useful for wide biomedical applications. In this study, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) hydrogel network was prepared by free radical polymerization whose average molecular weight between crosslinkes was calculated as 18500 g/mol and its homogeneity assessment evaluated by comparing 30 samples swelling ratios after 48 h soaking in distilled deionized water. The swelling behaviour of PAA under an electric field application was also investigated as a function of cross-linking agent and electric field intensity variation. It is seen that equilibrium swelling ratio of PAA gel increases from 16 (no electric field) to 30 (by application of 300 V/m electric field), however this variation is dependent on the sample location relative to electrodes. The normalized swelling ratio of sample changes by 4.8 to 0.9 relative to its distance from positive electrode. Increasing the concentration of cross-linking agent (EGDMA) from 0.14 to 0.71 molar percent of monomer resulted in 45% decrease of gel volume fraction. It is proven that applying an external electric field can make an improvement in the time-response of the hydrogel expansion phase and swelling behaviour.

关键词： Hydrogels

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ISHM implementation for Constellation Systems

ISHM implementation for Constellation Systems

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AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 42nd Joint Propulsion Conference

作者： Figueroa, Fernando Holland, Randy Schmalzel, John Duncavage, Dan Crocker, Alan Alena, Rick NASA Stennis Space Center Stennis Space Center MS 39529 Rowan University Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Glassboro NJ 08028 NASA Johnson Space Center Houston TX 77058 NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field CA 94035 Science and Technology Division EA41 Stennis Space Center MS 39529 AIAA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rowan University Glassboro NJ 08028 International Space Station Program OD NASA Johnson Space Center Houston TX 77058 Systems Division Mission Operations Directorate DF NASA Johnson Space Center Houston TX 77058 Intelligent Systems Division MS 269-4 Moffett Field CA 94035

ISBN: (纸本)1563478188

This paper addresses methodic implementation of a credible ISHM capability for elements of Constellation Systems. ISHM capability must be implemented by a combination of on-board and ground elements, each contributing to determining the health of systems in the most effective manner. Implementation of ISHM capability must evolve continuously to reach higher and higher levels of functional capability. The implication is that a sustainable approach must be defined in order to accomplish a believable capability. This paper describes the methodology, the elements, and the technology to implement ISHM capability throughout the life cycle of elements of Constellation Systems, reaching beyond individual elements that might have a limited life while the constellation moves on.

关键词： Spacecraft propulsion

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Neural Recording Stability of Chronic Electrode Arrays in Freely Behaving Primates

Neural Recording Stability of Chronic Electrode Arrays in Fr...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Michael D. Linderman Vikash Gilja Gopal Santhanam Afsheen Afshar Stephen Ryu Teresa H. Meng Krishna V. Shenoy Stanford University Stanford CA US Department of Computer Science Stanford University Stanford California USA Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University Stanford California USA School of Medicine Stanford University Stanford California USA Department of Neurosurgery Stanford University Stanford California USA Neurosciences Program Stanford University Stanford California USA

Chronically implanted electrode arrays have enabled a broad range of advances, particularly in the field of neural prosthetics. Those successes motivate development of prototype implantable prosthetic processors for long duration, continuous use in freely behaving subjects. However, traditional experimental protocols have provided limited information regarding the stability of the electrode arrays and their neural recordings. In this paper we present preliminary results derived from long duration neural recordings in a freely behaving primate which show variations in action potential shape and RMS noise across a range of time scales. These preliminary results suggest that spike sorting algorithms can no longer assume stable neural signals and will need to transition to adaptive signal processing methodologies to maximize performance

关键词： Stability Electrodes Prosthetics Prototypes Neural prosthesis Protocols Shape Noise shaping Sorting Signal processing algorithms

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